capability of increasing energy efficiency in eu housing nataliya anisimova czech technical...
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CAPABILITY OF INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN EU HOUSING
Nataliya AnisimovaCzech Technical University in Prague [email protected]
EU-goals:
20% share of renewable energies in overall EU energy consumption by 2020
20% reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions by 2020
Structure of energy consumption in EU25
Aim of the research: to define what costs have to be involved in energy efficiency increase in EU housing to reach the required standard
1. Construction 2. Utilization 3. Maintenance
Final energy and primary energy demand
Final energy demand QE =
Heating energy demand QH x Heating energy loss factor eH + + Domestic water heat energy Qwx Water heat energy loss factor eW
Primary energy demand Qp =
(Heating energy demand Qh + Domestic water heat energy Qw) x Energy loss factor ep
Energy loss coefficient ep for different heating systems:
- 0,5 – 0,6 – wood-pellet heating, - 0,7 – 0,9 – heat pump, - 1,3 – 1,4 – combustion heating, - 1,5 and more – old heating system.
A “typical” newly-built dwelling house
one- or multi-family house with 2-3 persons per dwelling usable floor area An= 242.3 m2; thermal covering area of the building A = 500.8 m2, ratio of covering area to cubic content A/Vae = 0.66 1/m; percentage of windows in total covering area f = 19.1 %; heating system – gas combustion boiler with a hot water
accumulator inside the heating area.
Heated area
Final energy
Primary energy
Useful energy
Transfer
Division Accumulation
Generation
Calculation of energy demand
Main characteristics of the reference building
Indicator Value Unit
Transmission heat loss H’T
through building covering 0.373 W/m2 K
Annual final energy demand QE
70.67 kWh/m2 ∙a
Annual primary energy demand QP
91.0 kWh/m2 ∙a
CO2 emissions per m2 of usable floor area
20.62 kg/ m2 ∙a
Variants of reduction of primary energy demand
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Additional solar domestic hot water system
Additional mechanical ventilation system with 80% heat recovery.
Installation of air-to-water heat pump for heating and hot water supply instead of gas combustion boiler (reference building)
Evaluation of primary energy demand reduction
Indicator Unit Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Annual final energy demand QE per m2
kWh/m2
∙a 66.08 63.14 70.67
Annual primary energy demand QP per m2
kWh/m2
∙a72.60 72.50 68.80
Reduction in primary energy demand (as to reference building)
about 20 %
Costs of reduction in energy demand EUR 4 711 12 525 9 890
Average additional costs per 1 m2 EUR/m2 37.32 €
Financial support =
Average additional investment per 1 m2 x number of dwellings completed x average usable floor area of 1 dwelling
Level of support programs in EU25 countries, 1000 EUR
Conclusions:
Energy use in EU housing comprises the greatest part of total energy consumption and is above industry and transport figures.
Reduction in primary energy demand represents a reliable indicator of environmental efficiency of buildings.
Availability of sufficient financial support for the promotion of energy efficiency in housing will be essential to reach the stated target in EU overall energy efficiency.
Acknowledgement
This research has its origins as a part of a CTU in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering research project on “Management of sustainable development in the life cycle of buildings, building enterprises and territories”, financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.
Thank you for your attention!