caol to electricity
DESCRIPTION
coal to electricityTRANSCRIPT
Coal To ElectricityCoal To Electricity
Thermal Power Plant General OverviewThermal Power Plant General Overview
Energy Conversion CycleEnergy Conversion Cycle
Coal
Chemical Energy
Combustion with oxygen
Flue gas containing primarily N2, CO2, CO, excess O2, NOx, SOxThermal Energy
Furnace Zone
Heat transfer
Heat exchangers zone( eco, water wall, S/H etc
Steam
Thermal energy
Shaft work Turbin
eMechanical Energy
Electricity
Electrical Energy
Generator
Thermal expansion
Coal Handling & PreparationCoal Handling & Preparation
Track Hopper
Coal Conveyor Coal
Crusher
Crushed coal Less than 20 mm size
Coal conveyor
Stock yard
Stack reclaimer
Conveyor
Transfer Point
ConveyorCoal tipper
BunkerFeederCoal Mill
FurnaceCoal particle-75 micron
Hot Primary Air
Entropy
Tem
p
1
2
34
Heat rejected
Heat addedHeat rejected
Net Work output
Heat input
Thermodynamic cycle for thermal power plantThermodynamic cycle for thermal power plant
Steam Generator
Turbine
Condenser
BFP
Combustion of coal
Heat transfer
Heat Input
Thermal expansion( work output
Fluid compression(Work input)
Heat Reject
1
2
3
4
Thermal Power plant physical cycle
Carnot CycleCarnot Cycle
Entropy
Tem
p1 1’
2
34 4’
Ti
To
Efficiency = 1-(To / Ti )
Cycle performance improvementCycle performance improvement
Entropy
Tem
p
Ti
To
Ti = Average temp of heat additionTo = Average temp of heat rejection1
2
34
1’
Efficiency = 1-( To / Ti )
TiToEfficiency 1 Ti = Average temp of heat
additionTo = Average temp of heat rejection
Decrease average temp of heat rejection
Increase in efficiency
Increase in average temperature of heat addition
1. Function of ambient temp2. Condenser performance3. Cooling tower performance
1. Increase in operating steam pressure2. Increase in superheated steam temp3. Carrying out reheating at right pressure4. Using regenerative feed heating system
Cycle performance improvementCycle performance improvement
Steam GeneratorSteam Generator
Eco
Furnace
Superheater
HPTReheater
IPT
BLR
HPT IPT LPT GEN
COND
CEP
LPHD/AHPHs
BFP
Block Diagram for power cycle
COAL SIDE OF A POWER PLANTCOAL SIDE OF A POWER PLANT
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS-
Indian American W.Ger.
MOISTURE(%)-
13 16 8.5
ASH(%)- 37.30 15 8.0F.C(%).- 25.70 35.5 60.5
V.M.(%)- 24 33 20.5
GCV (Kcal/Kg)-
3610 5730 6700
SULPHER(%)
0.35 0.5% 1.5%
ULTIMATEULTIMATE ANALYSIS(%):-ANALYSIS(%):-
Carbon-Carbon- 35.635.6
HydrogenHydrogen 2.282.28
SulphurSulphur 0.260.26
NitrogenNitrogen 0.320.32
Oxygen (diff)-Oxygen (diff)- 5.545.54
AshAsh 44.044.0
Hard groove indexHard groove index 5050
Design fuel for NTPC,KORBA received from SECL
Is BITUMINOUS having-
FC-25%,VM-19%,Moisture-12%,Ash-44%,HGI-58
Calorific value (HHV) 3500kcal/kg.
Coal received from SECL- KorbaCoal received from SECL- Korba
Hard Grove Index=13+6.93W
W=Weight of coal passing through 200 mesh after grinding 60 revolutions with 64 lb loading.
What is hard groove index?What is hard groove index?
GRADING OF COAL:-
UHV ( Kcal/ kg ) Grade Above 6200 A5605 – 6200 B4945 – 5605 C4205 – 4940 D3365 - 4200 E2405 - 3360 F1300 - 2400 G
PROPERTIES OF FUELPROPERTIES OF FUEL
FLASH POINTFLASH POINT-IT IS A MINIMUM TEMP AT WHICH THE FUEL -IT IS A MINIMUM TEMP AT WHICH THE FUEL IS HEATED TO GIVE OFF INFLAMABLE VAPOUR IN IS HEATED TO GIVE OFF INFLAMABLE VAPOUR IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITY TO IGNITE WHEN BROUGHT IN SUFFICIENT QUANTITY TO IGNITE WHEN BROUGHT IN CONTACT OF FLAME.CONTACT OF FLAME.
POUR POINTPOUR POINT-IT IS A MIN. TEMP AT WHICH OIL CAN -IT IS A MIN. TEMP AT WHICH OIL CAN HANDLE OR CAN FLOW EASILY IN PIPE LINE.HANDLE OR CAN FLOW EASILY IN PIPE LINE.
FIRE POINTFIRE POINT- IT IS A MIN. TEMP OF FUEL AT WHICH IT - IT IS A MIN. TEMP OF FUEL AT WHICH IT STARTS BURNING WITHOUT EXTERNAL SUPPORT.STARTS BURNING WITHOUT EXTERNAL SUPPORT.
CALORIFIC VALUE-CALORIFIC VALUE- IT IS A HEAT ENERGY LIBERATED BY IT IS A HEAT ENERGY LIBERATED BY COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF UNIT MASS OF FUEL. COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF UNIT MASS OF FUEL.
TRIANGLE OF COMBUSTION
OXY TEMP ABOVE1400F(760 ºC)
FUEL
TIME TEMP
TURBULANCE
FOR EFFECTIVECOMBUSTION
WATER SIDE OF A POWER WATER SIDE OF A POWER PLANTPLANT
WATER SYSTEM
RAW WATER INTAKE PUMP HOUSE & FORE-BAY CHANNEL WITH INFILTRATION CHANNEL
CROSS COUNTRY PIPE LINE 100MM DIA (BURRIED LINE)
RAW WATER RESERVOIR
RAW WATER PUMP HOUSE
CLARIFLOCCULATOR 1&2 FILTER PUMP HOUSE
STILLING CHAMBER & SLUDGE PIT
RCC INLET CHANNEL
CLARIFIED & FIRE STORAGE TANK
CLARIFIED PUMP HOUSE
CHEMICALHOUSE
DM SYSTEM IN OUR PLANT
DM PLANT BUILDING
EXCHANGER AREA (EQUIPMENT
FOUNDATION FOR PSF,ACF,SAC,SBA AND
MB)
REGENERATION AREA
DEGASSER AREA ( TANK FOUNDATION WITH SADLE )
NEUTRALISATION PIT
PUMP FOUNDATION
ACID/ALKALI STORAGE AREA
DM STORAGE TANK
FLOW DIAGRAM OF WATER SYSTEM (RIVER – CWST)FLOW DIAGRAM OF WATER SYSTEM (RIVER – CWST)
DOSING IN PTPDOSING IN PTP
ALUM – To remove suspended solids.ALUM – To remove suspended solids.
LIME - To maintain pH.LIME - To maintain pH.
POLYELECTROLYTE – Used as catalysis and to help in the POLYELECTROLYTE – Used as catalysis and to help in the flocculation process to remove small suspended solids.flocculation process to remove small suspended solids.
CHLORINE – To remove Algae & Microbiological growth.CHLORINE – To remove Algae & Microbiological growth.
PARAMETERS OF TREATED WATER PARAMETERS OF TREATED WATER QUALITYQUALITY
AT THE OUTLET OF PSF - TURBIDITY < 5 NTUAT THE OUTLET OF PSF - TURBIDITY < 5 NTU AT THE OUTLET OF SAC - SODIUM LEAKAGE 2 ppm As CaCoзAT THE OUTLET OF SAC - SODIUM LEAKAGE 2 ppm As CaCoз AT THE OUTLET OF AT THE OUTLET OF
DEGASSER TOWER - Co2 5 ppm As Co2 DEGASSER TOWER - Co2 5 ppm As Co2 AT THE OUTLET OF SBA - SILICA 0.2 ppm As Sio2AT THE OUTLET OF SBA - SILICA 0.2 ppm As Sio2 AT THE OUTLET OF MB - SILICA (DISSOLVED) < 0.02 ppm As AT THE OUTLET OF MB - SILICA (DISSOLVED) < 0.02 ppm As
Sio2Sio2 TOTAL HARDNESS - Not detectable as per ASTM methodsTOTAL HARDNESS - Not detectable as per ASTM methods CONDUCTIVITY @ 25º C - < 0.2 µs / cmCONDUCTIVITY @ 25º C - < 0.2 µs / cm pH - 7.0 ± 0.2 @ 25º CpH - 7.0 ± 0.2 @ 25º C IRON As Fe - Not detectable as per ASTM methodsIRON As Fe - Not detectable as per ASTM methods FREE Co2 ppm - As Co2Not detectable as per ASTM FREE Co2 ppm - As Co2Not detectable as per ASTM
methodsmethods
WORKING MECHANISM OF A WORKING MECHANISM OF A POWER PLANTPOWER PLANT
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A POWER PLANT
BOTTOM RNG HDR& Z-PANEL 1ST PASS W.W
1ST PASS W.W O/L HDRS ROOF I/L HEADER
2ND PASS UPPER C-HDR 2nd PASS LOWER C-HDRS
LTSH I/L HEADER LTSH O/L HEADER
D.P.I/L HEADER D.P.O/L HEADER
S.H. HEADER R.H.HEADER
2ND PASS ROOF O/L HDR(REAR ECONOMISER
M.S
H.R.HC.R.H
FROM F.R.S
500mw
CONDENSATE & FEED WATER SYSTEM
HOT WELL
CONDENSER
GSC DRAINCOOLER LPH-1 LPH-2 LPH-3
EJECTOR
D/A
D/A FST
HPH-5HPH-6FRS
TO BOILER
LP DOZING
CEP-B
CEP-A
BFP-A,B,C