cancer 101 native american cancer support group training
TRANSCRIPT
Cancer 101Native American Cancer Support Group Training
What is Cancer?
What is Cancer?The term “cancer” refers to more than 100 different diseases that begin in the cells (the body’s basic unit of life) where the cells begin to grow out of control.
Cancer cell division
Fourth orlater mutation
Third mutation
Second mutation
First mutation
Uncontrolled growth
Cell Suicide (Apoptosis)
Cell damage—no repair
Normal cell division
Cell Loses Control of Normal Growth
Cell migration
Dermis
Dividing cells in basal layer
Dead cells shed from
outer surface
Epidermis
Example of Normal Growth
Underlying tissue
Beginning of a Cancerous Growth
Underlying tissue
How a Tumor Forms
3Cancer cells reinvade and grow at new location
1Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and blood vessels
2Cancer cells are moved by the circulatory system to other tissues/organs
How Cancer Cells Invade & Spread
Melanoma cells travel through bloodstream
Melanoma(initial tumor)
Brain
Liver
Example:
Melanoma
Melanoma cells travel through bloodstream
Melanoma(initial tumor)
Brain
Liver
Example:
Melanoma
Melanoma cells travel through bloodstream
Melanoma(initial tumor)
Brain
Liver
Example:
Melanoma
Melanoma cells travel through bloodstream
Melanoma(initial tumor)
Brain
Liver
Example:
Melanoma
Melanoma cells travel through bloodstream
Melanoma(initial tumor)
Brain
Liver
Example:
Melanoma
Malignant (cancer) cells grow into neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels, and move to different sites
Time
Benign (not cancer) tumor cells grow only where they started to grow and cannot spread
Malignant vs. Benign Tumors
Types
Lung
Breast
Colon
BladderProstate (men)
Some common sarcomas:
Fat
Bone
Muscle
Lymphomas:Lymph nodes
Leukemias:Bloodstream
Some common carcinomas:
Prefix Meaning
adeno- gland
chondro- cartilage
erythro- red blood cell
hemangio- blood vessels
hepato- liver
lipo- fat
lympho- lymphocyte
melano- pigment cell
myelo- bone marrow
myo- muscle
osteo- bone
Cancer Prefixes Point to Location
Naming Cancers
Early Cancer May Not Have Any Symptoms
How is Cancer Detected & Diagnosed?
Cancer Screening & Prevention
0Screening tests for common types of cancer:0 Breast – Screening Mammogram0 Cervix – Pap Test0 Colon – fecal occult blood test, colonoscopy,
sigmoidoscopy0 Prostate – PSA test
Barriers to Screening
0Examples of barriers include:
- Fear of cancer
- Lack of knowledge
- Modesty
- Communication
- Illness beliefs
Possible Symptoms
0There are many different symptoms known to be associated with certain types of cancers.
0A symptom is a sign that something is not right in the body and does NOT always indicate cancer.
Possible Symptoms
0Change in bowel or bladder habits
0A sore that does not heal
0Unusual bleeding or discharge
0Thickening, lump, or swelling in the breast or any other part of the body
0 Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
0Recent change in wart or mole
0Nagging cough or hoarseness
Diagnosis of Cancer
0To diagnose the presence of cancer, a doctor must
remove a piece of affected tissue (biopsy) and look at
it under a microscope.
Diagnosis of Cancer
0Once the cancer diagnosis has been made, more
testing may be necessary to determine the primary
site (where the cancer started).
0The primary site helps determine the type of
treatment of the cancer.
Staging
1. In situ: Early cancer that has not spread to neighboring tissues.
2. Local: Cancer is found only in the organ where it started to grow.
3. Regional: Cancer has spread to the surrounding
tissues or lymph nodes.
4. Distant: Cancer has spread to other organs and
systems of the body.
Treatment
Western vs. Traditional Approaches to Cancer Treatment
Western
0 Science based.
0 Focuses on the physical aspect of disease.
0 A team of special doctors work together to develop a treatment plan to fit each person’s situation.
Traditional
0 A traditional healer establishes a long-term relationship with the person and their family.
0 Treatment plan focus is on the “whole person”.
Treatment
Treatment for cancer depends on several factors including:
0 Type of cancer
0 The size, location and stage of the disease
0 General health of the individual
Treatment
A treatment plan may include the following:0 Surgery0 Chemotherapy0 Radiation Therapy 0 Hormone Therapy0 Biologic Therapy0 Clinical Trial
Treatment
Side Effects:
0Side effects of cancer treatment result from damage to healthy cells and tissues in additional to the cancer cells.
0Depend of the type and extent of treatment.
0May include: nausea/vomiting, fatigue, numbness, lymphedema, pain, sleep, sexual side effects . . . Others?
Survivorship
Resources0 Native Circle: http://
cancercenter.mayo.edu/nativeresources.cfm
Resources0American Cancer Society:http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/SupportProgramsServices/index
Resources0 American Cancer Society:
0 Online Support Communities0 ‘Road to Recovery’ – Rides to Treatment0 ‘Hope Lodge’ – Rides to Treatment0 ‘TLC’ – Hair Loss & Mastectomy Products0 ‘Reach to Recovery’ – Breast Cancer Support0 ‘Man to Man’ – Prostate Cancer Support0 ‘I Can Cope’ – Cancer Education Classes0 ‘Look Good . . . Feel Better’ for Teens0 Patient Navigation Services
Number: 1-800-227-2345
Resources0 National Cancer Institute: www.cancer.gov
0 http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/coping/life-after-treatment/page1
Resources0 Journey Forward: http://journeyforward.org/
0Special thanks to Cancer 101 slides developed by the National Cancer Institute and the NW Tribal Cancer Control Project.