canadian hydrogen safety program 1 st international conference on hydrogen safety pisa, italy...
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Canadian Hydrogen Safety Program
1st International Conference on Hydrogen Safety
Pisa, Italy
September 8, 2005
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Canadian Hydrogen Activity
• Canada has been active in hydrogen technologies for over 30 years
• ISO TC 197 Secretariat and Chair
• current Chair and original signatory of IEA Hydrogen Implementing Agreement
• The NRCan Hydrogen R&D program was instrumental in the development of world recognized companies such as Ballard, Stuart Energy, Hydrogenics and Dynetek
• Centre of Expertise at the Hydrogen Research Institute UQTR
• member of IPHE
• Canada ratified the Kyoto Accord
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Canadian Transportation Fuel Cell Alliance
• initiative under Government of Canada’s Action Plan 2000
for Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction
• launched June 2001
• Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) manages the program
• focus on the development of a hydrogen fuelling infrastructure
for vehicles and the development of hydrogen fuelled vehicles
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CTFCA C&S Working Group
The mandate of the Codes & Standards WG is to facilitate the development and
market implementation of practical and safe codes and standards in support of:
• CTFCA Demonstration Projects
• A broader utilization of hydrogen as an energy carrier within Canada
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CTFCA Work Plan
A work plan was developed to define the scope of the group’s activities.
The work plan focused on 3 primary tasks:
1. Codes and Standards development
1. dissemination of packaged materials for stakeholders
1. fundamental safety analysis
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The Canadian Hydrogen Safety Program
The Program grew out of Task 3 “Fundamental Safety Analysis”
The Program’s objective is to facilitate acceptance of the products, services and systems of the Canadian Hydrogen Industry by the Canadian Hydrogen Stakeholder Community:
Industrial – to facilitate trade
Insurers – to ensure fair insurance rates
Regulators – to ensure effective and efficient approval procedures
General Public – to ensure diverse interests are accommodated
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The Need
• Minimum safety of hydrogen systems is established by C&S that are based on experience in large scale systems such as industrial plants and aerospace systems
• Lack of experience with hydrogen systems in consumer environments leads to unnecessarily restrictive C&S requirements based on these large scale system guidelines
• A reference for new hydrogen systems like refuelling stations should be similar to facilities for related fuels like natural gas
• Thus, there is a requirement to establish a quantitative reference for hydrogen systems with respect to directly analogous fuel systems like CNG
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The Approach
• Acceptability of new systems via Risk Assessment (RA)
• RA assists in making system integrity and safety design decisions:
It provides a more complete awareness of all hazards
Where risks are either not known or not well understood, it provides an
assessment of acceptability
Uses state-of-the-art models to calculate failure probabilities, failure consequences
and risk levels
Provides accurate and objective risk estimates for each system component taking
into account risk mitigation
• RA assists designers, management, the general public, insurance
companies and regulators in risk decisions and results in improved
safety performance
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The Foundation
• CAN/CSA/IEC-300-3-9-97 Standard “Risk Analysis of Technological Systems”
• Unifying framework to the projects and input to IEA Task 19 is based upon the linear QRA process outlined in the standard.
Modify Risk Mitigation Measures
System Description
Hazard Identification
Consequence Analysis
Frequency Analysis
Risk Estimation
Risk Criteria
Evaluate Risk
Operate System
UNACCEPTABLE
OK
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The Projects
The Program consists of four projects:
1. Comparative quantitative risk assessment of hydrogen and natural gas fuelling stations
2. Validation, calibration and enhancement of CFD modeling capabilities for simulation of hydrogen releases and dispersion using available experimental databases
3. Enhancement of frequency and probability analysis, and consequence analysis of key component failures of hydrogen systems
4. Fuel Cell Oxidant Outlet Hydrogen Sensor Project
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Project 1
Comparative quantitative risk assessment of hydrogen and natural gas
fueling stations
Project Scope
Sourcing Options Hydrogen Natural Gas
Delivery Compressed GasCompressed Gas
Pipeline
On-Site GenerationReforming fuel
comparison scenarioElectrolysis
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Station Perimeter
The generic station consists (regardless of technology) of the following major components or “boxes”:
1. fuel delivery / on-site production (will also include purification for reformer technology);
2. compression;3. storage;4. dispensing / vehicle interface
(vehicles themselves are excluded).
Project 1
Generic station site plan for HazID
Station Convenience
StoreCar Wash
Fuel delivery / Generation
on-site
Purification /Compression Storage Dispenser
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Project 2
Validation, calibration and enhancement of CFD modeling capabilities for simulation of hydrogen releases and dispersion using available experimental databases
Case No. Validation Case NameConditions
Domain Leak Type Process Available Data
1 Helium jet
Open
Vertical Steady
Velocity, concentration,
turbulence intensity
2 H2 jet Horizontal
Transient Concentration
3 INERIS jet Steady Concentration
4 Hallway end
Semi-enclosed Vertical
Transient Concentration
5 Hallway middle Transient Concentration
6 Garage Transient Concentration
7 H2 vessel Enclosed Transient Concentration
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Project 2
Examples of CFD modeling validation
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Project 3
Enhancement of frequency and probability analysis, and consequence analysis of key component failures of hydrogen systems.
Key elements:• frequency and probability analysis• consequence analysis• key componentry failures database – experimental studies
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Project 3
Experimental studies to be carried out in this subtask have the two objectives
to provide:
1. Validation data for the CFD models for selected project applications
2. Validation of accident progression analysis as obtained via fault and event trees quantitative consequence data for risk analysis
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Fuel Cell Oxidant Outlet Hydrogen Sensor Project
• to evaluate and improve the state of technology for hydrogen sensors used in
the oxidant outlet of an automotive fuel cell system
Deliverables:
• a requirements document to be submitted to CTFCA C&S WG and then forwarded to ISO and/or SAE for consideration
• establishment of H2 sensor testing capability (including test station) at the NRC
Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation (Vancouver, BC)
• provide feedback to sensor suppliers regarding suitability of their sensor technology
• CTFCA Report on the State of the Technology – Oxidant Outlet Sensors
Project 4
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3
2
5B
4
1 – ambient / garage
2 – passenger compartment
3 – fuel storage area & high-pressure piping
4 – fuel cell system area
5A – fuel cell oxidant outlet
5B – vehicle exhaust
1
5A
Project 4
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Co-Author Contact Information
Andrei Tchouvelev: • [email protected]
Bob Hay: • [email protected]
Joe Wong: • [email protected]
Jeff Grant: • [email protected]
Pierre Bénard: • [email protected]
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• CTFCA websitehttp://ctfca.nrcan.gc.ca (English)http://acpct.rncan.gc.ca (French)
• or contact:
Ian MacIntyreHydrogen, Fuel Cells and Transportation Energy CANMET Energy Technology CentreNatural Resources Canada580 Booth StreetOttawa, Ontario K1A 0E4Tel: 613-943-2257Email: [email protected]
Contact Information