canada’s natural systems 1.1 the earth in motion
TRANSCRIPT
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Canada’s Natural Systems1.1 The Earth in Motion
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In this Unit
• You will be able to show that you know some of Canada’s important geographic patterns
• Understand that Canada is divided into different types of regions including bioregions and ecozones
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In this Unit
• Recognize that Canada’s regions have very different characteristics
• Understand how people and environment are linked together in Canada’s regions
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Can You Believe It p. 22 Text
• Canada is home to some pretty strange landforms and weather, but don’t be that all of the following statements are true. Take your best guess at the following questions
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Building Mountains
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The Earth in Motion:Continental Drift
• If you cut out the continents on a world map, you would be surprised at how well some of them fit together
• Almost a century ago, German geographer Alfred Wegener noticed this pattern
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The Earth in MotionContinental Drift
• Wegner believed that the continents had once been joined together in one land mass that he called Pangaea meaning “all lands”
• He proposed the theory of Continental Drift which suggests that the continents gradually moved away from one another over time.
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The Earth in MotionContinental Drift
• Problem
• Wegner could not explain how massive continents could move across the face of the earth.
• Most scientists rejected the CD theory. Years later it turned out Wegner was right and it was a Canadian who helped discover the reason why
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The Earth in MotionPlate Tectonics
• Think of the earth as a round egg. Canada sits on the thin, brittle outer shell, called the lithosphere, or crust
• Beneath the lithosphere is the mantle, a zone of molten magma where you’d find the egg white.
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The Earth in MotionPlate Tectonics
• At the center, the earth’s core is like the yolk.
• It is the nuclear furnace that melts the rocks of the mantle above it
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The Earth in MotionPlate Tectonics
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ConvectionCurrents
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The Earth in MotionPlate Tectonics
• In the 1960’s Canadian J. Tuzo Wilson recognized hot spots could form deep in the mantle and that currents could circulate above these hot spots
• Just like boiling water swirls in a heated pot on a stove
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The Earth in MotionPlate Tectonics
• These convection currents might provide enough force to push the crust apart, as Wegner suggested
• The field of plate tectonics investigates how moving plates can create volcanoes, build mountains, and trigger earthquakes.
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The Earth in MotionVolcanoes
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The Earth in MotionVolcanoes
• Canada has no active volcanoes, but some along the Pacific coast are classes as dormant (sleeping) volcanoes
• The West Coast volcanoes are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a global system of active volcanic mountains that circle the Pacific Ocean.
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The Earth in MotionVolcanoes
• What causes volcanoes?
• Scientists believe there are “hot spots” in the earth’s core
• Rising heat sets the molten material of the mantle into huge circular motions, like warm air circulating in a room
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The Earth in MotionVolcanoes
• As the convection currents swirl, they drag the plates of the lithosphere with them
• Cracks open along the plate edges and magma forces its way through.
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The Earth in MotionFold Mountains
• Paper/binder experiment
• The textbooks are like thick plates, carrying continents, while the paper represents soft sedimentary rock layers on an ocean plate
• Your arms are like convection currents dragging the plates together to build mountains
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The Earth in MotionFold Mountains
• EX the Rocky Mountains were folded by the collision of the Pacific and North American Plates.
• Diagram page 25 text.