WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY: SOME

EXPERIENCES OF SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, INDIA

Presented by :

Dr. R.K. KHANDAL DIRECTOR

SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCHSHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI - 110007 (INDIA)19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI - 110007 (INDIA)

Email : sridlhi@vsnl.com Website : www.shriraminstitute.org

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

SUSTAINABILITY; AS DEFINED IN NATUREGreen plants are the food for plant eaters

Meat eaters supply waste materials for the decomoposers

Decomposers make chemicals for green plants

Plant eaters are food for animal

eaters

Disturbing this cycle is perhaps the tendency of all species involved in it.

Man being the wisest, amongst all, must make efforts to preserve the life-cycle sustainability

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABLE

• Natural• Independent of Time• Spontaneous• Cyclic• Harmonical• Space for all• Creation oriented• No dead end• Supportive• Universal

NOT-SUSTAINABLE

• Man-made• Time dependent• Energy Driven• Linear• Imbalance-prone• Haves & Have-nots• Elimination-oriented• Dead-end certain• Exploitative• Obsolete with time

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

The terms like growth, economics, benefits, loss etc. have little significance in sustainable processes

Sustainability varnishes with the breaking of cyclic events

Product

Application

WasteDegradation

products

Inputs

Process

Waste

Technological challenges are met through research Factors responsible for sustainability can only be controlled

through research

ROLE OF RESEARCH IN SUSTAINABILITY

Byproducts

Long life Short LifeHazardous

Safe

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

SyntheticRenewable

Hazardous

Green

Striking a balance is the concept of Triple Benefit ? Can be manowered by Research

ROLE OF RESEARCH IN SUSTAINABILITY

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

• Viability• Profits• Losses• Growth• Expansion

• Exploitation • Survival • Competition • Community

• Resources • Ecology • Cyclic Phenomenon

Input

Process

Application

Waste

ROLE OF RESEARCH IN SUSTAINABILITY

Degradation Products

Raw Material

Renewable

Green

Environment Friendly

Biodegradation

Basic Bio-organic Matter

Burden on the Environment

Energy Renewable

Emission Environment Friendly

Waste Waste Utilization

CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABILITY:SIMPLE TO DEFINE DIFFICULT TO ACHIEVE CHALLENGES

Sustainable Non-sustainable Challenges

Synthetic Renewable Alternates

Consumption Replenishment Sustainable Source

Chemical Route Bio-route Environment Friendly

Green

Waste Waste UtilizationReuse, Repair, Recycle

Avoid short cuts Think Collective

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

Take global view Share Experiences

FACTS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY

Negatives

Need for sustainability has become a cause of concern for

development countries more than the developing ones. Sustainability is achievable only through cooperative approach

and working together.WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress

Saskatoon, SK Canada

Positives

• Global Warming• Climate changes

Consensus to control emissions etc.

Depletion of resourcesAlternatives becoming feasible

Flight for energy resources Success on Bio-energy

Imbalance of Trade & Trade Barriers

WTO & Multi-lateral Collaborations

Rising Disparities Enough for All

Renewable Energy Efficient Water Efficient

Input

Process

Product

Applications

Waste

PRIORITIES PARTNER ROLE

RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY

LEVEL

Global view of resources

Green Environment Friendly Energy Efficient

Protection of environment ecology

Safe Long-usage life Bio-degradable

Local production Centralised production

Safe Conditions Optimise available resources

Value from Waste Reuse, Repair, recycle

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

EXPERIENCES OF SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABILITY

WASTE TYPES TECHNOLOGIES

Approach : Value from Waste

PLASTIC

• Road Composites

• Energy

TEXTILE • Sanitary Napkins

CERAMIC FIBRE • Insulating Tiles etc.

FLY ASH • Cement

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

Not only developed technologies but also established their impact.

THREATS TO SUSTAINABILITY

Demographic • Uncontrolled population growth

WAITRO 2006 Biennial Congress Saskatoon, SK Canada

Can scientific progress and improvement of technology always help to find new solutions !

Resources • Non-renewable sources of energy• Mineral raw materials• Fertile soil for food for overgrowing

population

Disposal and related problems

• Waste • Climate change• Ozone holes• Green house effect• Environmental pollution

Political and Social • Disparity between developed and developing countries

Natural Capital

Diversity

Population

Environmental

Sustainability

ECONOMIC

Economic Equality

Harmonization is required between the 3 components Environment - Progress of human society brings about unchangeable

damage to environment Economy - Distribution between : developed and developing countries

present and coming generation Social - Does economic growth always lead to increasing welfare, quality

of life

COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY

Lifestyle Health

SOCIAL

Resources

Responsibility of future generation

Equitable distribution of work, income and

opportunities in life

More value

viable economy

Brings advancement that benefit human kind

Make everyday life easier

protect Environment

Tap new employment potential

RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABILITY:NECESSISTY

OUTLINE

Research & Development

Criteria for selection of R&D Projects

Feasibility, Profitability, Planning and Execution of R&D projects

Market as a driving force for R&D

Continuous R&D : A cyclic process for technology

Technology success dynamics

Research

Development

Technology

Market

Increase stock of knowledge; knowledge of man, culture and society

To use this stock of knowledge to devise new applications; improvements in standard of living

Sustainable

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Basic Research

Applied Research

Experimental Developments

R&D CLASSIFICATION

Quest for development

Desire to improve

Aim to have growth

Experimental or theoretical work

Primarily to acquire new knowledge

Not necessarily with a specific

application or use in mind

Clears concepts and gains are for long-

term

Essential for answering whys

BASIC RESEARCH

Experimental or theoretical work

Use knowledge for improvements

For a specific practical aim or objective

Driving force for R&D

Helps build capability to convert ideas into products to meet needs

APPLIED RESEARCH

Systematic work

Based on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience

Directed to produce new materials, products or devices

New processes, systems or services with substantial improvements

EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS

Presence of an appreciable element of novelty

Existence of demand in the form of stakeholders as the driving force

Sustainability

Cost-benefit analysis

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF R&D PROJECTS

Criteria

Key Factors

IdeasStage 0

Preliminary Market Assessment

Preliminary Financial Assessment Preliminary Technical Assessment

• Necessities

• Knowledge Base

• Market Demand & Status

• Product requirement

• Cost-benefit analysis

• Feasibility

• Viability

Activities Inputs

Decision 1

Stage 1

SELECTION PROCESS : FEASIBILITY

• Technology partner

•Regulatory Agencies

• Local production & imports

• Long term benefits

• Patent rights & technology

• Industry partnership

• Stakeholder

Activities Inputs

Decision 2

Stage 2

Detailed Market Assessment

Detailed Financial Assessment Detailed Technical Assessment

SELECTION PROCESS : STAKEHOLDERS

Stakeholders

•Market potential & demand

• Policy makers

•Regulatory Agencies

• Comparison with reference

• Product requirement

•Quality evaluation parameters

• Joint trials

• Customer satisfaction

Activities Inputs

Decision 3

Stage 3

Specifications and Design Prototype Construction Prototype Testing

SELECTION PROCESS : CUSTOMER SELECTION PROCESS : CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONSATISFACTION

Customer

Tooling and Documentation Pre-production Testing and Redesign Initial Market Testing Marketing Strategy Distribution and Sales Failure Tracking

• Technology package

• Process control parameters & quality control parameters

• Demonstration

• Feed backs

• Scale up

• Market acceptability

• Product properties meeting requirements

• Project completion report

• Technology package

• Success factors

• Risk factors

Activities Inputs

Decision 4

Stage 4

SELECTION PROCESS : SUCCESS FACTORSSELECTION PROCESS : SUCCESS FACTORS

Success Factor

Technical inputs:

Technical competence

Existing status vis-à-vis desried level of

competence

Facilities’ Availability

Regulatory issues

Achievable improvements with existing technical inputs

Ensuring regulatory nroms

FEASIBILITY : TECHNICAL

Commercial issues:

Raw material availability

Access to market

Demand

Competition

Cost of making Vs outsourcing!

Viability of R&D project

FEASIBILITY : COMMERCIAL

Quality and continuous improvement

Sustainable demand; seasonal or regular

Costs vs purchase power; margins & viability

Scale of production; cost / piece

There should be takers for the product !

There should be a definite edge over competition

PROFITABILITY

Coordination of various activities to achieve desired results ensuring:

Time schedule

Smooth operation

Regular reviews

Decision making at each stage to make amendments backed by sound appraisal

Involvement of all stakeholders is the

key!

PLANNING

Achieving the targets with:

Minimum efforts

Maximum output

Trouble shooting

Aiming for the satisfaction of the user:

Minimum biases

Maximum scope for improvements

A fool-proof control & appraisal system to

be in place

Ownership of project activities is the key!

EXECUTION

Procedure

Deliverables

Cost

Quality

Controls help in making amendments

Controls & appraisals are key factors for success of R&D projects

R&D PROJECT CONTROLS

Technology Development Process

Identification of the problem

Definition of problem

Technical Feasibility

Commercial Feasibility

• Need for technology

• Well defined objectives

• Technical capability

• Ready takers market and market sustainability

• Impact Factor

• Well understood objectives

• Deliverables

• Resource Capability

• Hazards analysis

• Regulatory Clearances

• Cost-effective value addition & Relevance

Success depends on understanding of problem & defining the scope of research

Technology Development Process

Work Plan Appraisal Prototype Design Review

• Objective in focus

• Time & Inputs as per with objectives

• Scope for appraisal & review at each step

• Optimum utilization of resources (indigenous)

Demo

• By all stake holders

• As per objectives Time, Quality Cost

• To meet purpose

• To pass scrutiny of deliverables

• To be safe from cradle to Grave

• To assess the degree of innovation

• To gauge the long term and short term impact

• To evaluate the improvements over the existing knowledge

• To establish the deliverable of acquired knowledge

• Meeting all the design criteria and objectives

Market acceptability can only be achieved through demonstration of technology

Technology Development Process

SUCCESS FACTORS

•Existing Needs •Market •Defining Objectives •Design Criteria and Design Basis

•R & D•Review and Appraisal

•Demonstration

RISK FACTORS

•Times Dynamics •Potential and sustainability •Understanding objectives

and deliverables •Feasibility studies •Approach flexibility &

innovation •Criteria •Participation of stake

holders

Risk factors should be considered at the design stage itself

Technology Development ProcessPrototype

Review

Output

Review Appraisal

Input

Feasibility

Process

Innovation 360° Approach

Involvement

of Stake HoldersReview & Appraisal

Research

R&D leads to technology

Development

RESEARCH VIS-A-VIS DEVELOPMENT• Success

• Market Acceptability

• Technology

• Success

• Technology

• Market

Acceptability

• Success

• Technology

• Growth

• Success

• Innovation

• Technology

Demand

Market is a big driving force for technology

Potential

MARKET POTENTIAL & DEMAND FOR R&D

• Threat

• High Risk

• Innovation

• Alternatives

• Strength

• Sustainability

• Low Risk

• Application

• Challenge

• Low Risk

• Weakness

• Unique Technology

• Opportunity

• high Risk

• Affordability

• Technology Edge

Market Size

Market Dynamics

Needs

Trends

Resources

Sustainability

Value Addition

Product Differentiation

Improvements

USP

Alternatives

Continuously Total

Quality Improvements

Control points are the driving force as well as determinants for technology selection

FACTORS CONTROL POINT

TECHNOLOGY SELECTION : CONTROL FACTORS

R & D

Ideas

Innovations

Product

Application

Improvements

Innovations

Ideas

Success of a technology requires continuous R&D inputs

Continuous R&D : A Cyclic Process

TECHNOLOGY SUCCESS DYNAMICS : R & D

Interfacing of determinants ensures sustainability and improvements in quality : Key to success

Research MarketProduct

Capacity Quality Demand

• Irreversible

• Product Focus

• Market Focus

• Image Focus

• Reversible

• R & D Focus

• Customer Focus

TECHNOLOGY SUCCESS DYNAMICS : MARKET

Market

Production R & D

QualitySustainabilit

y

Capability Sustainability Affordability

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