CANADA--NORTHERN NEIGHBOR

QUICK FACTS1. OCCUPIES MOST OF NORTHERN NORTH

AMERICA

2. EXTENDS TO 3 OCEANS, THE ATLANTIC OCEAN IN THE EAST, THE PACIFIC OCEAN IN THE WEST, AND THE ARCTIC OCEAN IN

THE NORTH

3. WORLD’S SECOND LARGEST COUNTRY BY AREA

4. CAPITAL OF ALL OF CANADA IS OTTAWA.

CANADA’S PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES

• Alberta(Edmonton)• British Columbia(Victoria)• Manitoba(Winnipeg)• New Brunswick(Fredericton)• Newfoundland and Labrador(St. John's)• Nova Scotia(Halifax)• Ontario(Toronto)• Prince Edward Island(Charlottetown)• Quebec(Quebec City)• Saskatchewan(Regina)• Northwest Territories(Yellowknife)• Yukon Territory(Whitehorse)• Nunavut Territory(Iqaluit)

POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF CANADA

• CANADA IS DIVIDED INTO 10 PROVINCES AND 3 TERRITORIES.

• THESE AREAS ARE DIVIDED INTO 5 REGIONS BASED ON:– PHYSICAL FEATURES– CULTURE– ECONOMY

THE CANADIAN MAP.

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CANADIAN PROVINCES--ATLANTIC PROVINCES

• NEW BRUNSWICK--FREDERICTON

• NOVA SCOTIA--HALIFAX

• PRINCE EDWARDS ISLAND--CHARLOTTESTOWN

• NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR--ST. JOHN’S

NEWFOUNDLAND

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ATLANTIC PROVINCES

• LANDFORMS– BORDER ON THE ATLANTIC OCEAN– APPALACHIAN MTS RUN THRU THIS

REGION– THICK DECIDUOUS FORESTS– THOUSANDS OF LAKES AND SMALL

PONDS– 5% 0F CANADIAN LAND AND 8% OF

PEOPLE

ATLANTIC PROVINCES

• MARITIME PROVINCES--RELATED TO THE SEA

• ECONOMICS OF THE REGION– FISHING OFF THE GRAND BANKS

• OVERFISHING--DEPLETED COD POPULATION

– FORESTRY– FARMING(Fruit, vegetables, dairy)

• CLIMATE– MILDER CLIMATE

CANADIAN PROVINCES--GREAT LAKES-ST. LAWRENCE

PROVINCE• ONTARIO--TORONTO• QUEBEC--QUEBEC• CENTER OF CANADA’S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY• LARGEST AMOUNT OF POPULATION LIVE

HERE--60% OF ALL OF CANADA’S POP. • DIVIDED INTO 3 REGIONS:

– CANADIAN SHIELD-NORTH-POOR SOILS BUT RICH IN MINERALS--COLD CLIMATE--TUNDRA REGION

– HUDSON BAY LOWLANDS--FLAT SWAMPY REGION BETWEEN HUDSON BAY AND CANADIAN SHIELD.

– ST. LAWRENCE LOWLANDS--RICH SOIL AND A MILD CLIMATE--GOOD GROWING SEASONS

ONTARIO• SEAWAYS & CANALS CONNECT GREAT

LAKES TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.– CREATES HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS

• RICH SOILS AND ABUNDANT MINERALS– FARMING AND MINING

• INDUSTRIAL REGION– CARS, FOOD PRODUCTS, CLOTHING,

BUILDING MATERIALS

• TORONTO-BANKING / FINANCE CENTER– LIKE NEW YORK IS TO THE U.S.

ONTARIO

QUEBEC• LARGEST PROVINCE BY AREA• MOST OF POPULATION LIVES SOUTH OF CANADIAN

SHIELD• CONTINENTAL CLIMATE IN THE SOUTH• PEOPLE IN QUEBEC ARE “SEPARTISTS”

– PEOPLE WHO ARE OF FRENCH HERITAGE– WANT TO CREATE THEIR OWN COUNTRY.

• FARMING DONE IN ST. LAWRENCE VALLEY.• MINING AND FORESTRY ALSO ECONOMIC ACTIVITY• LARGEST CITY IS MONTREAL• QUEBEC CITY--OLDEST CITY IN CANADA

QUEBEC

TOURISM IN CANADA

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CANADIAN PROVINCES--THE PRAIRIE PROVINCE

• ALBERTA--EDMONTON

• SASKATCHEWAN--REGINA

• MANITOBA--WINNEPEG

THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES

• BETWEEN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND THE CANADIAN SHIELD.

• LONG FLAT LANDS. WITH 50% OF POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES.

• PROVIDES MOST OF CANADA’S GRAIN AND CATTLE.

• OIL AND NATURAL GAS FOUND IN ALBERTA

• CONTINENTAL CLIMATE

THE CANADIAN SHIELD

• The Canadian Shield is a large geographic area in eastern and central Canada composed of bare rock.

• The shield is mostly thin soil lying on top of bedrock, with many bare outcrops and thousands of lakes. This was caused during the last ice age, when glaciers covered the area and scraped the rock clean as they moved

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CANADIAN PROVINCES• BRITISH COLUMBIA--VICTORIA• CANADA’S WESTERN PROVINCE STANDS

ALONEMOSTLY COVERED WITH MOUNTAINS FROM THE ROCKIES.

• 80% OF POPULATION LIVE IN VANCOUVER OR VICTORIA

• VANCOUVER--PROVINCES LARGEST CITY!

BRITISH COLUMBIA

• ECONOMY BASED ON FORESTRY (LUMBER), SALMON, AND MINERALS.

• The climate of British Columbia varies from marine to continental.

• Winter snowfall in the BC Rockies averages between 171 cm (67 inches) in the south and 206 cm (81 inches) in the north.

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THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES

• THE NORTHERN 40% OF CANADA

• YUKON TERRITORY--WHITEHORSE

• NORTHWEST TERRITORY-YELLOWKNIFE

• NUNAVUT-IQALUIT

WEALTH OF NORTHERN TERRITORIES

• GREAT AMOUNTS OF MINERALS– GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, ZINC, LEAD, IRON,

URANIUM.– COLD WEATHER MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO

MINE.

• VAST AMOUNTS OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS.– ESTABLISHED PIPELINES TO TRANSFER OIL

PRODUCTS AND GAS PRODUCTS TO PROCESSING PLANTS.

LAND & CULTURE OF NORTHERN TERRITORIES

• COLD, MOSTLY TREELESS TUNDRAS

• FEW INHABITANTS (1% OF TOTAL POPULATION OF CANADA

• PEOPLE ARE CALLED INUIT (NOT ESKIMOS!)

• PEOPLE ARE HUNTERS--SELF SUFFICIENT

INUIT TRIBES

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CHAP. 8 SECTION 2• THE HISTORY OF CANADA

– SETTLED BY NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE “INUIT”

• HUNTERS AND GATHERS ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST

• SETTLED BY THE FRENCH AND BRITISH IN THE EAST IN THE 1600’S.– FOUGHT FOR CONTROL IN 4 WARS 1689-1763– BRITISH WIN BATTLE OF QUEBEC IN 1763,

GAIN CONTROL OF ALL OF CANADA

• DOMINION OF CANADA CREATED IN 1867• INDEPENDENT NATION IN 1931

CULTURAL CONFLICT IN CANADA

• 25% OF CANADA’S POPULATION IS FRENCH SPEAKING, MOST LIVE IN QUEBEC.

• MANY OF THE FRENCH SPEAKING PEOPLE , CALLED THE QUEBECOIS, ARE SEPARTISTS.– WANT TO “SEPARATE OR SECEDE” AND FORM

THEIR OWN COUNTRY

• INUIT LIVE IN NORTHERN TERRITORIES.• 555,000 NATIVE AMERICAN CANADIANS LIVE

ON RESERVES.• HIGHEST IMMIGRATION RATE IS FROM ASIA

SECTION 3--CANADA TODAY