Canada Immigration

CHINESE HEAD TAX RECORD

SUN WOY DISTRICT

Part I: 1885-June, 1903

Presented by: Rudy Chiang

新會梅閣 蔣汶德

January 26, 2012

Updated: January 30, 2012

Acknowledgement This study is possible thanks to the generous support and

encouragement of :

Professor Henry Yu

for his electronic data on

the Chinese Head Tax Register, 1885-1949

and

Eleanor Yuen & Phoebe Chow

whose

Workshop on Taishan and Zhongshan

Immigrants in North America

provided a model for this study

新 會 縣 SUN WOY COUNTY / DISTRICT

or

XINHUI

新 Meaning

New

會 Meaning Gathering

Dialect Pronunciation

San Voy

新 (San) 會 (Voy) OTHER SPELLINGS

• San Ooi

• San Woi

• San Wui

• San Wae

• San Wai

• San Way

• San Wey

• San Woy

• Sang Woi

• Sen Way

• Sen Wey

• Sen Weyh

• Sen Woy

• Sun Wae

• Sun Wai

• Sun Way

• Sun Wey

• Sun Woi

• Sun Woy

• Sin Wai

• Sin Way

• Sin Woi

• Sin Woy

• Sin Wey

• Sin Wui

• Sing Wae

• Sing Woi

1897 Map of Sun Voy County

新會城

Sun Voy City

1741 Map of Sun Voy City

Sun Voy City 新會城

Moy Kowk 梅角

Cooteung 古井

Moy Kowk 三江

Dai Jack 大澤

Ho Chun 何村

Chong Sar 長沙

Tset Boo 七堡

Sui Hou 水口

County Hierarchy

COUNTY 縣

CITY 城

TOWN 鎮 TOWN 鎮 TOWN 鎮

VILLAGE鄉 VILLAGE鄉 VILLAGE鄉 VILLAGE鄉

HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村

LANE LANE LANE LANE LANE LANE

閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里

ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY

曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷

County Hierarchy

COUNTY 縣

CITY 城

TOWN 鎮

VILLAGE 鄉

HAMLET 村

LANE 里

ALLEY 巷

Chew Gou District 潮居都

SUNVOY 新會 TOWNS 鎮

禮樂鎮 新會城 潮蓮鎮

杜阮鎮 江門鎮 睦洲鎮

荷塘鎮 三江鎮 大鰲鎮

大澤鎮 古井鎮 羅坑鎮

雙水鎮 沙堆鎮 棠下鎮

司前鎮 厓門鎮 外海鎮

Trip Manifest & Headtax Paid by Sun Voy Pioneers , 1885-1903

Town Trips % $ (k) Town Trips % $ (k)

沙堆鎮 1,739 24 99.12 雙水鎮 166 2 7.23

古井鎮 1,718 24 104.91 新會城 107 1 4.97

崖門鎮 1,158 16 58.43 江門鎮 89 1 4.11

三江鎮 215 3 11.46 羅坑鎮 94 1 6.01

大澤鎮 198 3 12.76 司前鎮 74 1 3.26

睦洲鎮 176 2 11.05 其他 1,434 20 78.44

Total 7,168 401.75

64% of the Sun Voy Poineers Came from 3 Towns

DISTRICT: SUN WOY COUNTY

新會縣

Pioneers from three Towns accounted for

64% of the arrivals, 1885-1903:

Towns 鎮 Trips %_

Sartuey 沙堆鎮 1,739 24%

Cooteung 古井鎮 1,718 24%

Ngai Mun 崖門鎮 1,158 16%

• They paid a total of $262,460

• Sun Woy County Total @ $401,746

古井 Cooteung

沙堆 SarTuey

梅閣 Moy Gock

崖門 Ngai Mun

崖西 Ngai Sai

64% of Sun Voy Pioneers

came from these two areas

古井

Cooteung

沙堆 SarTuey

崖西

Ngai Sai

梅閣

Moy Gock

崖門

Ngai Mun

那伏 NoFok

沙角 Sar Gok

48% of the Head Tax

records from Sun Voy

were contributed by

young men from

this small island

Arrival Age of Sun Voy Pioneers 1885-1903

Township Age

Township Age

Ave Mdn Mode Ave Mdn Mode

沙堆鎮 Sartuey 27 26 20 雙水鎮 Song Shui 32 30 40

古井鎮 Cooteung 29 27 20 新會城 Wui Sean 30 30 30

崖門鎮 Ngai Mun 29 28 20 江門鎮 Gong Mun 32 30 30

三江鎮 Sam Kong 29 26 24 羅坑鎮 Law Hang 30 30 33

大澤鎮 Dai Chack 30 28 25 司前鎮 See Chin 30 30 30

睦洲鎮 Mook Jew 30 28 28 其他 Others 29 28 22

新會縣 Sun Voy County: Most arrived at Age 20 29 27 20

Arrival Age of Sun Voy Pioneers 1885-1903

Observations

• Most pioneers arrived at Age 20

• The biggest age group was 20 - 24

Postulate

• Most young men came at age 20 – 24

• Arrivals after age 30 were likely residents

returning from a home visit to China

新會縣抵加人數 1885- June, 1903

1885-June, 1903 年 華裔抵加人數 與 新會縣抵加人數

此較

Sun Voy Pioneers, By Occupation 1885-1903

Occupation Count % Age Age

Range Ave Mdn Mode

Labourer 5,477 76 29 27 20 8-63

Farmer 629 9 28 26 20 6-54

Merchant 257 4 35 34 30 18-60

Laundry 198 3 32 31 30 18-61

Cook 129 2 29 28 22 11-53

Grocer 82 1 31 30 40 17-51

Cannery 70 1 30 30 30 17-48

Others 137 2 31 31 28 8-51

Total 6,979 97%

Sun Voy Pioneers Labourer Profile

1885-1903

Among the 5,477 declared labourers

•Average Age 28.7

• Median Age 27.0

• Mode 20

• No. @ Age 20 484

• Youngest Age 8

• Oldest Age 63

Sun Voy Pioneers, 1885-1903 Female Profile

Only 39 Females Landed

•Median Age 24

•Age Range 3–48

•Age 3 to 12, Count 11

Occupation

•Housewifes 18

•Daughters / Students 4

•Servents / Labourer / Laundry 8

•Seamstress 3

Cannery Trade Sun Voy Pioneers by Village, 1885-1903

Town Village No. Town Village No.

沙堆鎮 Sarteuy

梅閣鄉 Moy Kwok 18

古井鎮 Cooteung

古井鄉 Cooteung 5

沙堆鄉 Sarteuy 12 煙管嘴 Linguouduey 4

那伏鄉 No Fok 3 南蓢 Nam Long 1

獨洲(汎) Tuck Jew 4 慈溪 Thue Kai 1

梅灣鄉 Mowan 2 文樓 Mun low 1

麻沖 Mahtoon 1 睦洲鎮 Mok Jew 龍泉 Long Toon 2

吳村 Ng Toon 1 牛灣鎮 NnuWan 鍾邊 Jung Ben 1

廣海 Kong hoi 1 雙水鎮 Song Seuy 沙富 Sar Foo 1

Others 10 羅坑鎮 Law Hong 羅坑里 Law Hong Lee 1

Total = 70

Cannery Trade Sun Voy Pioneers by Village, 1885-1903

Pioneers from Villages of Sartuey Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last

Name 鄉村 Villages No.

Last Name

沙堆鄉 Sartuey 695 廖李胡宋林余

梅灣 Moy wan 37 聶林陸胡宋陳

梅閣鄉 Moy Kok 432 蔣李胡 蓮塘 Lin tong 15 李梁

南安里(梅閣) Nam on lee 12 蔣胡 沙涌 Shai chung 11 羅?

那伏 No fook 165 高易 崖山 Ai san 9 黃李岑

獨洲(汎) Uk jew 196 林鍾 大洋 Dai jong 4 李馮陳

藤灣 Tin won 67 陳黎 南門,新沙 Namon, Sen Sa 4

沙角 Sa gock 33 曾梁 大環(灣?) Dai wan 3 余

沙灣 Shar wan 29 鍾林余 大豐村 Dye Foan 2 黃

南邊 Nan ben 20 胡林黃 大樹髻? Diseilee 1

麻冲 Mah chung 14 葉 其他 others 2

沙堆鎮人數 Villagers from Sartuey Township 1,739

Pioneers from Villages of Coo Tueng T0wnship, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last Name 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

古井鄉 Cotueng 596 吳趙林高薛湯何容

孖洲 Ma chow 37 林

文樓 Mon low 217 吳 山頭 San tow 46 林

長沙 Chong shar 143 薛吳 背坑 Boy hang 29 任李吳余

慈溪 thue kai 131 趙李梁容 長樂 Chung lok 22 黃

慈佛(坳) thue foot 31 趙李梁 羅堂 Law kong 17 黎李

霞路 Har loo 96 趙 田寮 Heu lue 13 趙

南蓢 Nam long 74 何梁 仕路 Lin tong 9 林

竹灣 Juck wan 68 趙薛馮 長安 Chong on 6 黃馬

洋邊 Yung ben 63 林容鍾 煙管嘴 Yinguonduey 16 林

網山 Mong san 46 鍾許林 奇石 Kee sack 4 林

官沖 Ko chung 41 林 南海寮 其他

Nam hoy lew Others

4 9

容

古井鎮人數 Villagers from Coo Tueng Township 1,718

Pioneers from Villages of Ngai Mun Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last Name 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

新村 sung toon 331 林吳何陳譚容

長崗 (長江村)

Chung Kong

63 陳

黃沖 wong chung 94 黃 水背 soy boy 34 黃

旺沖 wong chung 59 陳 坑口? Hang how 34 黃

橫村 Wang chun 13 張 貴美 quai mee 15

京梅 ging moi/boy 78 陳 梁家/村 leong ka 11 梁

京背 king boy 20 黃陳 麥田? mak doon 8 李黃

三村 sam chun 88 李 荷村 ho chun 43 李林唐

橫水 wong soy 32 陳李容 濠沖 ho chang 7 陳

南合 Nam Hop 58 鍾何 沙崗 sa gong 5 龍

田寮 ten lew 45 李 譚敦/譚村 ham doon 13

苹岡 ping gong 41 鍾 屋背? Oak boy 5

仙洞 sun dong 29 楊 其他 Others 33

崖門鎮人數 Villagers from Ngai Mun Township 1,158

Pioneers from Villages of Sam Kong 三江 Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

三江 sam gong 108 趙

官田 kon ten 81 鍾湯

皮子 pee gee 14 葉

洋美 yong mee 5 容

謝沖 cha chong 3 李

茶園 char yuen 1 聶

茶坑 char hing 1 梁

大洞 dai tong 2 趙

三江鎮人數 Villagers from Sam Kong Township 215

Pioneers from Villages of Dai Jack 大澤Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last Name 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

大澤 dai jack 31 余/茹 小澤 sew jack 18 梁

呂村 lue toon 32 呂 坑尾 hong mee 17 李凌

北洋 bak yung 29 林 邑美 yap mee 17 余/茹袁

龍田 lung hen 30 鍾趙 三水 sam suey 8 黃

其他 Others 11 區村 ow toon 5

大澤鎮人數 Villagers from Dai Jack Township 198

Pioneers from Villages of Mook Jew & Song Shui Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last Name 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

睦洲 Mook Jew 2 容 雙水 Song Shui 8

龍泉 Lung Chun 174 李鍾劉吳區林呂容

沙富 Shar Foo 106 張鍾林唐劉譚龍黎

羅(家)灣 Lo (ka) wan 40 李

田心 [新寧?]

Tin sum 4

天台 Tin toy 4 戴

北岸 Bak on 2 陳

梅岡 Mui kong 1

富路村 Filookchung 1

睦洲鎮人數 Mook Jew Total = 176 雙水鎮人數 Song Shui Total = 166

Pioneers from Villages of Law Hing & Sue Chin Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last Name 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

羅坑 Law Hing Nor Hang

14 林 凌村(鶴山)? Ning chung

30 譚鍾

石咀 sack joy 49 林 河村 ho chun 18 李林梁

陳沖 chin chung 18 陳 海滘(新) hoy kow 7 李

嶺背 lung boy 8 林 亨美(白廟鄉) Hang Mee 7 凌

吉安 get on 5 許 吉境 Kut King 6 鄧

白廟 pak mui 2 梁

山邊 Shan Ben 3

陳屋 Chin Oak 1 陳

羅坑鎮人數 Law Hing Total = 94 司前鎮人數 Sue Chin Total = 74

Pioneers from Villages of Gong Mon & Ngau Wan Township, 1885-1903

鄉村 Villages No. Last Name 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

江門 gong mon 8 鍾邊 jung ben 8 鍾

石沖 sack chung 22 黃李温 咀邊 Joy Ben 4 林

七堡 chat boo 16 黃李

白沙 bak shar 8 陳

潭沖 tam chun 4 李

黃山 wong san 3

龍灣 lung wan 10

水南 Suey Nam 2 李

麻園 ma yuen 3

其他 Others 12

江門鎮人數 Gong Mon Total = 89 牛灣鎮人數 Ngau Wan Total = 12

Pioneers from Villages of Other Townships, 1885-1903

鎮 Towns 鄉村 Villages No. Last Name

杜阮鎮 Doo yuen 雙龍 Shong Lung 9 馮

天湖鄉(羅坑鎮?) Tin Woo 龍門 Lung moon 8 趙陳

瀧水都 Lung Soy 平安 Ping on 錦江 Kam kong

3 3

夏

荷塘鎮 Ho tang 荷塘 Ho tang 良村(梁村) Leong toon 龍肚灣 Long two wan

5 4 1

潮連鎮 Chew lin 潮連 Chew lin 豸尾? Jak mee

5 3

盧 盧

棠下鎮 Tong Har

南安/南安里 nam on lee 14 温容

新昌 sun dang 2 容

新安 sun on 安塘 ann tong

4 2

其他鎮鄉 Villagers from other Townships

1903 Leong Kai Chew’s America Tour

Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超

Wong Wai Chee 黃慧之

Pow Chee 鮑熾

Pow Man Cheong 鮑文昌

1903 Leong Kai Chew’s America Tour

Mar. 3, 1903 Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 and his entourage

arrived at Vancouver as tourists, on MV. Empress of India:

•Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 age 30, 5ft 5in, of Senwey 新會

[茶坑], boarded from Yokohama 橫濱

His entourage boarded from Hong Kong

•Wong Wai Chee 黃慧之 age 24, 5ft 5.5in, of Yokohama

•Pow Chee 鮑熾 age 46, 5ft 4in, of Hung San 香山

•Pow Man Cheong 鮑文昌 age 17, of Yokohama

Their $100 Head Tax was refunded on Mar. 15

Immigration file: Microfilm C9512 e0060668

Visit of Kang Yu Wei 康有為

Kang Yu Wei 康有為

Li Yung

1899 “Diplomatic” Visit of Kang Yu Wei

•June – Sept., 1898 Wushu Reform 戊戌變法

•Kang Yu Wei 康有為 and his secretary Li Yung arrived in Victoria on April 7, 1899

•They were registered on April 12, 1899

•Kang Yu Wei, age 42, 5ft 2in, of Nan Hoy 南海

diplomatic corps, exempted from Head Tax

•Li Yang, age 27, 5ft 3.5in, Nan Hoy, secretary,

exempted from Head Tax

•They boarded the MV Igumi Maru at Yokohama, Japan

•Immigration file: Microfilm C9512 e0060666

Summary

• Most pioneers first arrived at Age 20

• The bulk of them came between 20 - 24

• Most came as labourers (5,477 )

• Other occupation groups, other than clergy or

actors, best represent returnees from China

• 48% of Sun Voy pioneers came from a small

island where CooTeung town古井鎮 &

Sartuey town沙堆鎮 are located

• 16% of the pioneers came from Ngai Mun

town 崖門鎮 which lies across the water

Further Studies

Observations

• The Year of Registration represents the date when

Head Tax was assessed (upon or after landing)

• Year of Arrival represents the date when the

passenger first landed

• The digital record for Year of Arrival must be

verified for accuracy and errors

•Grouping by Townships 鎮 or Administration

Regions 區 changes with time.

• The assignment of villages to Townships in this

study should be verified for accuracy

Reference Sites Library and Archives Canada

www.collectionscanada.gc.ca

Immigrants from China, 1885 -1949

ww.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/chinese-immigrants/index-e.html

Census of Canada, 1871

www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/census-1871/index-e.html

Census of Canada, 1881

Census of Canada, 1891

B.C. Archives

search.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/sn-5B5E0F9/gbsearch

References Multicultural Canada

Chinese Times 大漢公報 1914-1992

www.multiculturalcanada.ca/node/31107

The Chung Collection

chung.library.ubc.ca/collection/details/6000

National Digital Library of China 中國國家數字圖書館

方誌 res4.nlc.gov.cn/home/search.trs?method=advSearch&resourceid=7

1901 Census records for NEW WESTMINSTER, B. C.

automatedgenealogy.com/census/District.jsp?id=2

New Westminster Public Library, Heritage and Local History

nwheritage.org