CANADA-chapter #09

What do these folks have in common?!

Size of Canada

2nd largest country in the world 10 provinces, 3 territories

Differences Pop. size & wealth Provs. are self-governed while territories are controlled by the

Federal govt. (Provs. have more political voice in Ottawa) Territorial Formula Financing

Federal aid given to territories to help them develop

>75% of pop. lives where? U.S./Canadian border = world’s longest unguarded border Megalopolis of Canada:

Quebec City, Montreal, Ottawa, TORONTO!, Windsor

Landforms of Canada-Appalachian Mtns.

-Canadian Shield = dominant landform/rich in minerals

-Interior Plains

-Rocky Mountains extend into British Columbia

CLIMATES OF CANADA-SE Canada

*Humid-continental

-Central

*Subarctic

-South Central

*Semi-arid

-British Columbia

*Highland

-Arctic

*Tundra

-Warmest part of Canada

*SW British Columbia

Resources of canada-VERY rich fishing waters = Atlantic & BC

-Timber exports = #5

-Canadian Shield = MINERALS!

-Coal = Rocky & App. Mtns.

-LOTS OF OIL = ALBERTA!

NEW FRANCE-First Europeans:

-Vikings—Leif Ericson (1,000 CE)

-British—John Cabot (1497)

-French—Jacques Cartier (1535)

-Goals: 1. Northwest Passage

2. Fur Trade

3. Spread the word of God

British North America

-1713: Brits took Nova Scotia

-French were “deported”

-Brit./Fr. competition for Canada led to war

-1756 – 1759

-British settlement increased

-Provinces were fragmented until…

Dominion of Canada (1867):*united the fragmented provinces into one independent country

Dominion: a territory or sphere of influence

Govt: Constitutional Monarchy

Parliament: Lawmaking body Similar to U.S. Congress

Prime Minister: Head of the executive branch Similar to U.S. president

Capital city: Ottawa

Ties betw. Canada & England: 1. both have a parliament 2. both share the Queen

Economy of Canada

MDC Most work in Tertiary & Quaternary industries Free market (U.S.) Largest trade partner?

Atlantic Provinces-New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island,

Newfoundland & Labrador = Canada’s hinterland

*a region that lies far away from major pop. centers

-separated from other “British” provinces by Quebec

-Canada’s poorest region (high unemployment)

QUEBEC-St. Lawrence Lowlands = high pop density

-Culture & Language of Quebec?

-Quebecois = French-Canadians

-Parti Quebecois (PQ)

*Quebec’s separatist political party

-Quebec Sovereignty Movement (1995)?

-IF Quebec became independent?1. Eastern provinces would be

separated from others

2. Western provinces may also

demand independence

Ontario-Wealthiest & most populated

-Where do most live?

-Toronto = “NYC” of Canada

-Culture of Ontario?

-Canada’s capital city?

Prairie Provinces

-Prairie Provinces:

-Alberta

-Saskatchewan

-Manitoba

-Rely on natural resources

-Wheat Belt of Canada

-Alberta = OIL & NATURAL GAS

Canadian Wheat Belt

Athabasca Oil Sands

Fort McMurray, Alberta Industrial jobs (Eastern Canadians) World’s 2nd largest oil reserves Video (short) Video (long)

U.S. oil imports over time

Green = oil pipeline *dotted = planned/under constructionRed = gas pipeline *dotted = planned/under constructionBlue = products pipeline (gasoline, ethylene)

British Columbia

-Location =

*Access to Pacific rim countries

-Canada’s third-largest urban region =

Vancouver

PACIFIC COAST

canadian north

-Federally governed Territories:

*Yukon

*NW Territories

*Nunavut (“Our Land”)

-1999: Canada ceded

Nunavut to the Inuit

Canadian issues-Nationalism:

feeling of pride/loyalty in one’s country

-Regionalism:

support for one’s region over one’s country

-threatens to break Canada up

-Separatism:

belief that certain parts of a country should be independent

-Conflicts:

1. Ontario & Quebec dominate Ottawa?

2. Cultural differences betw. Ontario & Quebec

3. Alberta wants to keep more oil revenues

4. BC feels left out due to distance from Ottawa

ECONOMIC TIES

-Canada’s #1 trade partner is

-NAFTA (1994) =

U.S.A.

NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT

That’s all folks!!!