Canada Between the Canada Between the WarsWars

1919- 19391919- 1939

Post War CanadaPost War CanadaClosing of War IndustriesClosing of War Industries major effects such as high inflation, women returning to home, rising unemployment, increasing labour unrest

Winnipeg General Strike 1919Winnipeg General Strike 1919 30 000 workers went on strike (demanded .85 cents 30 000 workers went on strike (demanded .85 cents per hour, 8 hour day, right to collective bargaining)per hour, 8 hour day, right to collective bargaining)Bloody Saturday; riots and violence led to 1 death and Bloody Saturday; riots and violence led to 1 death and 30 injuries30 injuriesLeaders arrested and sent to jail but more attention Leaders arrested and sent to jail but more attention drawn to social and economic problems of workersdrawn to social and economic problems of workers

Prohibition & BootleggingProhibition & Bootleggingban of production, import and distribution of alcoholLed to bootleg booze- smuggled alcohol and speakeasies

Spanish FluSpanish FluMassive epidemic after veterans returned homeDeadly strain killing up to 100 million people; 50 000 Canadians

Social IssuesSocial IssuesAboriginal IssuesAboriginal Issues Policy of assimilation seen in thePolicy of assimilation seen in the Indian Act Indian Act

18671867, creation of , creation of residential schools, residential schools, and and policy of policy of enfranchisementenfranchisement (right to vote if (right to vote if give up Aboriginal status)give up Aboriginal status)

League of Indians-League of Indians- created in 1919 by created in 1919 by Frederick Loft (Aboriginal war veteran) to Frederick Loft (Aboriginal war veteran) to make a united voice for Aboriginalsmake a united voice for Aboriginals

ImmigrationImmigration XenophobiaXenophobia- intense dislike of foreigners- intense dislike of foreigners 1919 Immigration Act-1919 Immigration Act- made all immigrants made all immigrants

pass an English literacy test (emphasis on pass an English literacy test (emphasis on assimilation)assimilation)

1923- Chinese Exclusion Act1923- Chinese Exclusion Act: banned all : banned all Chinese immigrants except students, Chinese immigrants except students, merchants and diplomats (from 1923- 1947- merchants and diplomats (from 1923- 1947- only 8 Chinese immigrants admitted to only 8 Chinese immigrants admitted to Canada)Canada)

Roaring Roaring TwentiesTwenties

New Technologies New Technologies & Movements& Movements

New technologiesNew technologies: radio, automobile, : radio, automobile, passenger planes passenger planes

Ford Ford Model TModel T or “Tin Lizzie” was most or “Tin Lizzie” was most affordable car ($395 in 1924) and was mass affordable car ($395 in 1924) and was mass produced by produced by assembly lineassembly line

Ted RogersTed Rogers: Canadian who invented the : Canadian who invented the world’s first battery-less radioworld’s first battery-less radio

Joseph BombardierJoseph Bombardier: Canadian who : Canadian who invented first snowmobile called “B-7” for invented first snowmobile called “B-7” for medical transport in wintermedical transport in winter

Person’s CasePerson’s Case: Famous Five : Famous Five campaigned that women should be campaigned that women should be considered “Persons” under Canadian considered “Persons” under Canadian Law; finally granted by Britain’s Privy Law; finally granted by Britain’s Privy Council and Cairine Wilson was first Council and Cairine Wilson was first women appointed to the Senatewomen appointed to the Senate

Entertainment & SportsEntertainment & SportsAmericanizationAmericanization Huge influence of culture & influence from United StatesHuge influence of culture & influence from United States

FadsFads mahjong, crosswords, contests, dancing marathonsmahjong, crosswords, contests, dancing marathons

FashionsFashions flappers, rising hemlines, bob haircut, knickers, bow tiesflappers, rising hemlines, bob haircut, knickers, bow ties

Entertainment:Entertainment: Jazz Age, Charleston danceJazz Age, Charleston dance ““talkies” (talking movies) with stars Charlie Chaplin and talkies” (talking movies) with stars Charlie Chaplin and

Canadian Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”Canadian Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”

Golden Age of SportsGolden Age of Sports Famous amateur athletes such as Lionel Conacher, Bobbie Famous amateur athletes such as Lionel Conacher, Bobbie

Rosenfeld played multiple sportsRosenfeld played multiple sports Women in Sports: Edmonton Grads dominated basketball Women in Sports: Edmonton Grads dominated basketball

for over 20 years but by 1930s competitive sports were for over 20 years but by 1930s competitive sports were considered “unfeminine”considered “unfeminine”

Professional Sports: hockey (NHL) & Foster Hewitt’s call of Professional Sports: hockey (NHL) & Foster Hewitt’s call of Hockey Night and Canada; baseballHockey Night and Canada; baseball

1920s Economy1920s EconomyECONOMIC PROSPERITYECONOMIC PROSPERITY End of post war economic problems End of post war economic problems New inventions and mass production of New inventions and mass production of

products fueled economy and employmentproducts fueled economy and employment High sales, high wages, high prices, high High sales, high wages, high prices, high

production, high profits, high demand, low production, high profits, high demand, low unemploymentunemployment

Emergence of ‘branch plants’ in CanadaEmergence of ‘branch plants’ in Canada

PLAYING THE STOCKMARKETPLAYING THE STOCKMARKET Get rich quick scheme (buy low, sell high)Get rich quick scheme (buy low, sell high) Stock / share: a unit of ownership in a Stock / share: a unit of ownership in a

companycompany Price of share dependent on supply and Price of share dependent on supply and

demanddemand

CREDIT BUYINGCREDIT BUYING ‘ ‘credit buying’ of products (appliances)- buy credit buying’ of products (appliances)- buy

now, pay later now, pay later ‘‘buying on margin’ of stocksbuying on margin’ of stocks

The Balloon Bursts: The Balloon Bursts: The Great Crash of 1929The Great Crash of 1929

HOW DID IT CRASH? Stocks were highly inflated or overpriced AND company assets were not Stocks were highly inflated or overpriced AND company assets were not

the same worththe same worth Investors became nervous as stock prices were becoming “too high” for Investors became nervous as stock prices were becoming “too high” for

what it actually worthwhat it actually worth ‘‘Black Tuesday’: October 29, 1929: massive selling of stocks > panic sets Black Tuesday’: October 29, 1929: massive selling of stocks > panic sets

in > everyone sellingin > everyone selling As investors sold, prices of stocks plungedAs investors sold, prices of stocks plunged

EFFECTSEFFECTS Thousands of investors wiped outThousands of investors wiped out Banks demanded payment for loans but borrowers could not repayBanks demanded payment for loans but borrowers could not repay Many companies had borrowed money to finance expansion of companies Many companies had borrowed money to finance expansion of companies

and had to shut down > rise in unemploymentand had to shut down > rise in unemployment People had bought many stocks and items on credit- had nothing to pay People had bought many stocks and items on credit- had nothing to pay

back; then banks would repossess items (ie. homes)back; then banks would repossess items (ie. homes) People could not afford to buy clothes, food and other merchandise > People could not afford to buy clothes, food and other merchandise >

forcing more companies to go bankrupt and put more people out of workforcing more companies to go bankrupt and put more people out of work Trigger to the Great Depression- worst economic downturn in historyTrigger to the Great Depression- worst economic downturn in history

Background Causes of Great Background Causes of Great DepressionDepression

Similar to WWI, there were Similar to WWI, there were BACKGROUND CAUSESBACKGROUND CAUSES to the to the Depression:Depression:

1)1) Overexpansion & overproductionOverexpansion & overproduction2)2) Canada’s Dependence on Staples Canada’s Dependence on Staples

(wheat)(wheat)3)3) Canada’s Dependence on United Canada’s Dependence on United

StatesStates4)4) High Taxes decreased International High Taxes decreased International

TradeTrade5)5) Credit BuyingCredit Buying6)6) Buying on MarginBuying on Margin

The Dirty The Dirty ThirtiesThirties 1933- 1/3 of 1933- 1/3 of

people were out people were out of workof work

Riding the rodsRiding the rods Relief vouchers Relief vouchers

or Pogeyor Pogey Relief CampsRelief Camps Dust Bowl Dust Bowl Soup KitchensSoup Kitchens Bennett Bennett

BuggiesBuggies On to Ottawa On to Ottawa

Trek & Regina Trek & Regina RiotRiot

Political ResponsesPolitical ResponsesP.M. Mackenzie KingP.M. Mackenzie King Five Cent Speech 1930Five Cent Speech 1930 re-elected 1935re-elected 1935

P.M. R.B. BennettP.M. R.B. Bennett elected 1930elected 1930 proposed the New Dealproposed the New Deal

New Political PartiesNew Political Parties emerged to solve the emerged to solve the

problems of the 1930sproblems of the 1930s Social Credit- leader William Social Credit- leader William

AberhartAberhart Union Nationale- leader Union Nationale- leader

Maurice DuplessisMaurice Duplessis Co-operative Commonwealth Co-operative Commonwealth

Federation (CCF)- leader J.S. Federation (CCF)- leader J.S. WoodsworthWoodsworth

Promoting Canadian IdentityPromoting Canadian Identity Group of SevenGroup of Seven Canadian Author’s Canadian Author’s

Association (1921)Association (1921) RCAF: Royal Canadian Air RCAF: Royal Canadian Air

Force (1924)Force (1924) Statute of Westminster Statute of Westminster

(1931)(1931) CRBC: Canadian Radio CRBC: Canadian Radio

Broadcasting Company Broadcasting Company (1933)(1933)

CBC: Canadian CBC: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting Corporation (1936)(1936)

NFB: National Film Board NFB: National Film Board (1939)(1939)

What brought the world out What brought the world out of the Great Depression?of the Great Depression?

World War II breaks World War II breaks out September 3, out September 3, 19391939

Canada declares war Canada declares war on Germany on Germany September 10, 1939September 10, 1939

HOW?HOW?• war industries re-openwar industries re-open• rise in employmentrise in employment• as more people get jobs,as more people get jobs,people have $ to spendpeople have $ to spend• businesses revivedbusinesses revived