can you haul me now? - piedmontscte.orgpresentation_cellular+back… · existing pon – 4g...
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Can You Haul Me Now?Bart FilipiakMarket Development Manager18 March 2009Piedmont SCTE
2© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
What is Cellular?
3© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Wireless Evolution• 2G
– Digital communications aka PCS• GSM (TDMA- AT&T, T-Mobile)• CDMA One• iDEN (Nextel)
• 2.5G– Packet switching for 2G nets
• GPRS and EDGE for GSM operators (AT&T, T-Mobile)– Better than 2G, but not even close to 3G
• 3G– Packet Switching– Layered Services– UMTS (AT&T, T-Mobile)– EV-DO (Verizon, Sprint)
• 2Mbps maximum per user download speed• 4G
– LTE– WiMax– Better utilization of 3G infrastructure
• Up to 100Mbps download speed per user
4© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Wireless Evolution and Network Density
3G Voice & Data
Coverage at 384 kbps
2.5G Voice & Data
Coverage at 64 kbps
2G Voice Only
GSM Voice Coverage
5© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Cell Site Proliferation
Source: CTIA
Growth of Cell Sites in US
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1G Analog800MHz, 900MHz
2G and 2.5G PCS1800MHz
3G and Continued 2.5G
What growth will 4G LTE and WiMAX bring us?
What kicked growth into high gear?
6© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Mobile Internet• Moore’s Law (computing power)
– Processing ability doubles every 18 months (60% growth curve)• To realize improved capabilities, a consumer need only buy the
component and install it• Instant gratification
• Nielsen’s Law (bandwidth growth)– Internet user connections increases in speed at about 50% annually
• To realize improved capabilities, a consumer must purchase the necessary equipment and the provider must also upgrade their equipment and/or infrastructure
7© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
How Much Is Enough?
Backhaul Capacity Has to Be Expanded
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Business District (Capital City) Nationwide Average Rural Area
Source:Heavy Reading
8© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Traditional Cellular Backhaul Does Not Scale Well
Source:Heavy Reading
9© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
An ounce of prevention…..• What steps should be taken today to ensure infrastructure is
prepared to scale with tomorrow’s expectations?– 3G only about 50% built
• TDM (T1/E1, DS3, SONET) backhaul requirement• Still a voice system capable of transmitting data
– 4G build will begin in earnest in 2009• Minimum 100Mbps per sector at the cell site
– Normally three sectors per BTS• Most backhaul providers are already provisioning for 4G
– Circuit emulation is a work-in-progress• T1-over-Ethernet, etc
– Technology developing, carriers familiar with TDM for reliable clock– Latency problems; not your regular ethernet QOS– May not scale well in ten years
» Particularly if part of a PON
10© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Cell Site Basics and Commonality• One to eight wireless operators lease space at the site• Legacy equipment will require T-1 interface at the BTS• Within fence is a controlled access area
– Some service providers terminate service outside the fence• Cellular redundancy with adjacent cells
– Diverse path is beneficial• Remain as passive as possible
– Low latency, jitter, and differential latency are critical factors– This is why Ethernet backhaul is not yet standardized
• Turn-up time averaging several months today– Less than one month within three years
11© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Cellular Backhaul Solutions Overview1) Straight Fiber – 2) PON – 3) WDM
• Best suited to backhaul providers utilizing SONET, or other Wide Area protocol
• Simplest solution to install and maintain• Sectored demarcation box protects feeder cables
– Backhaul provider terminates service in a locking demarcation box, each wireless operator connects at this point
• Similar to existing backhaul infrastructure, familiar to wireless operators– SONET gear can be co-located at cell site, or in Headend / Hub some
distance away• Provides most flexibility for future upgrades or bandwidth requirements
12© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Home Run / Straight Fiber Solution Diagram
13© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Cellular Backhaul Solutions Overview1) Straight Fiber – 2) PON – 3) WDM
• Virtually identical to FTTH networks being deployed in North America• Can be convenient to connect a wireless operator as a subscriber to
existing PON– 4G (LTE/WiMAX) requires 100M per carrier sector at the BTS
• 300M per wireless operator nominal– Backhaul through PON architecture could reduce OLT utilization
• GPON designed for 1:32 split ratio cannot deliver 100M unless ratio is reduced to accommodate towers
– Data-only content may extend range beyond video limitations• Depends on OLT/ONT vendor and video transmission method
• In general, an entire OLT port should be provisioned per site– 1x8 splitter at the fence provisions 125Mbps per leg (1G ÷ 8 = 125M)– For network resilience, operators would not allow multiple towers on a single
point of failure (OLT Card)– Circuit emulation is a serious concern; latency and jitter; carrier dependant
• GSM clocking derived from TDM Circuit• CDMA clocking synchronized by GPS receiver• GPON networks utilize fixed 8KHz clock, providing possible synchronization source
14© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
GPON Solution Diagram
15© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Cellular Backhaul Solutions Overview1) Straight Fiber – 2) PON – 3) WDM
• Ideal solution for utilizing existing infrastructure with insufficient dark (unused) fiber– WDM components may be less expensive than complete system overbuild
• Optimal solution for MSOs as they already deploy and operate WDM technology – Solution is conceptually very similar to PON except that instead of using a
1x8 split, the customer would use one or two wavelengths for each customer• One wavelength Tx, One Rx
– 2F or ring solution would allow Tx and Rx on same wavelength• Using CWDM technology, up to four carriers per fiber (eight for 2F and/or ring)
– Many more possible with DWDM• First customer build includes bulk of infrastructure, additional customers
may be added with additional WDM modules on each end– CWDM most convenient in 4-ch modules– DWDM allows greater utility
• DWDM and CWDM can coexist provided 1530 and 1550 skipped in CWDM• BTS equipment may not utilize colored SFPs, so translation equipment
may be required
16© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
WDM Solution Diagram
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32
λ
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λ 9
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λ 1724
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17© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Comparison of CWDM & DWDM
ITU-T G.694.2 CWDM Channel Plan (approved June 2002)
CWDM Advantages• Uses lower cost, lower power, uncooled lasers• Due to large wavelength spacing can tolerate 6–8 nm of
thermal drift (outside plant temperature ranges)• 13 nm passband ideal for linear AM applications• Limited to 8-10 channels with standard 1310nm (Non LWP fiber)• ITU-T G.695 Specifies Interoperability of CWDM EquipmentDWDM Advantages• 100+ channel counts: 100+• Amplifications allow for greater distances • Allows for a transparent metro/access DWDM network• Uses single filter device for MUXing mutliple channels simultaneously
λDRIFT
1580 nm 1600 nm
1590 nm
13nm
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C-BandO - Band E - Band S - Band L - Band
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18© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
CWDM Mux/Demux with DWDM UpgradeOperator deploys a CWDM (up to 8 channel) system today and then overlays a DWDM (40+ channel) system in the future!
1530
32 nm gap = 40+ DWDM CH in C-band (0.8 nm spacing)
1280 1320 1360 1400 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 1640
1610
1590
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C-BandO - Band E - Band S - Band L - Band
O-band Apps Water Peak
19© 2009 Corning Cable Systems
Summary• Wireless business will remain strong despite economic downturn• Optimum coverage areas shrinking due to capacity concerns• Bandwidth demand grows at nearly 50% annually
– Exponential• Traditional Time Division Multiplexed circuits don’t scale well
– 4G and beyond will be a packet-based protocol• Home-running fiber from HE / Hub provides best insurance your
network will accommodate future demands• Passive Optical Splitters and GPON can be used for backhaul,
with some limitations• WDM can extend the life of your existing infrastructure
– CWDM, DWDM, CWDM / DWDM overlay