camp murray history

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State of Wash in cH onEXECUTIvE DEPARTME:r9

ALBERT D. ROSELL N

O[ympiaGovernor

1 April 1959

TOMYFELWWCITIZENS:

The average citizen of' Washington is unaware of' the im-portance of' the Military Department in the government of' theState of' Washington.

Throughout the history of' our great state, under ourmilitia lavs, a military f'orce has been at the disposal of'the head of' State in connection with insurrections, upris-ings, disorders and disasters. Under these lavs the Governorcan order the organized militia or Washington National Guardinto the service of' the state to protect the lives and prop-erty of' its ci tizens.

In addition to the Washington National Guard, the Governoris also empowered t o order all other ellgible male citizensinto the service of' the state in event of' dire emergency. Incase of' total mbilization of' the state's manpower t he controlthereof' reverts to The Adjutant General vhose headquarters islocated at Camp Murray f'romvhich "COIIIDBIld ost" he would op-erate under the direction of' your Governor.

Due to the patriotism of' many of' our younger men the mbll-izat ion of' the total male populat ion ha s never been necessaryinasmuch as trained National Guardsmen have always been avail-able to cope with the average disorder or disaster.

To these loyal and unself'ish mill tiamen or National Guards-men, both past and present, we are deeply indebted and it is witha spirit of' pride that I am able to present to you their storywith a f'ervent hope that everyone maybetter understand an d ap-preciate the need f'or support ing such a f' ine body of men wbo aredevoting thei r time and service to provide immediate aid and pro-tection to you in time of' need.

Sincerely yours,

Governor & Commander-in-Chiet

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1 Apri l 1959

H EA DQ UA RT ER S M IL IT AR Y D EP AR TM EN TSTATE OF WASHINGTON

Office of The Adjutant Gene ralC am p M ur ray , T ac om a. 33, Washington

TO WHOMIT M A YCONCERN:

It gives me great pleasure to pre sen t to theCit izens o f Washington the story of Camp Murray, thehome of the Mili tary Departmen t o f the State o f Wash-ing ton and the Washington National Guard.

Fo r generat ions Camp Mur ray bas played an impor-tant role in the development of the S tate o f Washing-ton, however, l i t t le has been wri t ten on i ts accom-p lishmen ts, and many are not aware of the importanceof the operat ions thereat o r of the background of i ts

dev elop men t as a St ate Reserv at i on.

I t is for the foregoing reason that ou r histori anhas compiled from our voluminous records dat ing backto 1855, and from the re sul t o f research in l ibrar i esin this vicini ty, a history of Camp Murray beginningwi th the advent of the whi te man who fir st t rod i t ssoi l in 1833 .

I t is hoped that through this med ia, WaShington 'sc i t i zens wi l l have a be t te r understanding of the mil-i tary importance of Camp Murray and it s rel at i onshipto the ever increasing progressiveness o f our greatState .

~elyC:,~GEO RGE M . HASK EPI 'Majo r Gene ral , Wash ARNGThe A djut ant G ene ral

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C AM P M UR RA Y

TACOMA33, WASHINGTON

1 Apr i l 195 9

Because of i t s nearness to Oly mpia, the S tat e and Ter r i -to r i al Cap i to l , and to S t e i l acoom, the f i r st se t t l emen t andcounty seat o f P ie rce Cou nty , the land compr iz ing the CampMurray Rese rvat ion has been the sce ne of much m i l i t ary ac t i -

v i ty throughou t the hi sto ry of our g reat Eve rg reen S tate .

I t has been t rave r sed b y the ear ly p ionee r s as memb erso f t he F i r st and Second Reg iment s o f Volunt ee r M i l i t i a inthe Indi an War s o f 18 55-56; by Volunte e r s st at ione d at For tS te i l ac oom dur ing the Civ i l W ar ; by the Washing ton Volun tee rRe g iment that r e aped many honors at Mani l a and Luzon i n 98 ;by the Washing ton Nat ional Guard t roops enrou te t o the Me xi -can borde r i n 1916; by m any of our sons in W or ld War I ; andby Washing ton' s b rave and loyal c i t i zens in bo th Wor ld WarI I and Korea.

Dur ing these wars tw enty seven of our so ns won theMedal o f Honor , and o the r s, thousands of dec orat ions of ale sse r degree . Many did no t re tu r n. Washing ton can wel lbe proud of the i ndomi tab l e sp i r i t and courageousness di s-p layed by i t s c i t i zens in the wars o f the past one hundredan d t hr ee y ear s.

Thi s book le t i s dedicate d to su ch Washing ton me n whohave se rved in any capac i t y in these wars, o r in the prese r -vat ion of l aw and or de r , o r in di sast e r s, du r ing the hi st o ryof the S tat e o r Ter r i to ry of Washing to n.

The au thor i s deep l y indeb ted to M iss Al ta F . W est o fthe Washing to n Histo r i cal Soc ie ty and Gene Bismudi o f theS tat e L ib rary fo r the i r valuab le assi st anc e whic h cont r ibu t edmate r i al l y to the assembly of thi s sto ry . Many o f the p i c -tu res al so wer e f u rni shed thr ough the co ur t e sy of the Wash-ing ton Histo r i cal So c ie ty and the S tat e L ib rary . Som e wereprocured f rom the Nat ional A rchives, whi l e o the r s were pr o -v ided f rom our own pic tu re f i l e s. Al l pho tograp hic w ork inco nnec t ion wi t h thi s b ook was pro v ided by the of f i c i al pho to -g rapher o f the Washing ton Nat ional Guard, S taf f S ergeantKenne th P . Blando , 41st S ignal Com pany , who se work i s deep lyapprec ia . t ed .

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1 IC h c lt ir r i t a g c :f lc r ioI t i s t old by the Nisqual ly Ind ians that for gene rat ions p rior

to the coming of the whi te man that the l and compri zing Camp Murray,an d ad jac en t l an d b or de ri ng b eau ti fu l A me ri can an d S eq ual it che wlakes, was the favo ri te pl ace o f assembly for the t r i bes along PugetSound . Therefo re , i t is l i t t l e wonde r that when the tr appe rs andt rade rs o f the Hudson 's Bay Company arr ived on Puget Sound to est ab-l i sh a tr ading post that a si te somewhere near these lakes would beselected.

Wi th easy access to the sai l i ng water s of Puget Sound, the t ra-d ing post was est ab l i shed by Archibald McDonald on 30 May 1833 at themou th o f Sequal i tchew Creek . The post was named For t Ni squal ly aft erthe Ind ian tr ibe which inhab it ed the area. I t was al so inevi tab let hat t he p rai ri e l an ds ad ja.c en t to the lakes would become the g raz ingground fo r thei r sheep and cat t le . With Mur ray Creek flowing throughthe prair ie , i t was ideal pasturage for the ir he rds and was used fromabo ut 1 83 3 to 1867 by the subsid iary of the Hudson' s Bay Company, thePuget Sound Agri cul tu ral Company . During thi s per iod, vast he rdsro am ed t he se p rair ie s f rom F ort Ni sq ual l y to Roy and from the Nis-q ua ll y R iv er to Am er ic an an d S pan aw ay Lake s. Se ve ral re ti re d em pl oy-ee s o f t he C om pany , i nc lu di ng t he M ur ray b ro the rs, lo cate d d on at ionc laims at Muck Stat ion , in the v ic in i ty o f the p re sen t town of Roy ,and raised l arge he rds fo r the Company . Edward Huggins was in chargeof these ope rat ions and lat er succeeded Dr. Wil l i am F . To lmie as Fac -to r at F or t Ni sq ual ly .

The fo regoing ac t ivi t i es re su l t ed in the fi r st roads in P ie rceC ou nt y, t he fi rst r un ni ng fr om St ei lac oo m to F or t N isq ual ly , t he nc eto Muck S tat ion. The o the r f rom Stei lacoom to the v ic in i ty o f Spana-wa y Lake. The lat t er passed ve ry close to Camp Mur ray on the eastand the former abou t one mil e to t he west . The road between Ste i l a-coom and Spanaway Lake was used by the mi l i t ia for mov ing t roops andsup pli es fr om St ei laco om t o Mo ntg om er y S tat i on d ur in g t he In di an War so f 1855-56 and is known as the Mil i tary Road.

F ol lowing the se t t lemen t of the Northe rn Boundary in 1846, them ov em en t n or th o f the C olu mb ia Ri ve r of A me ri can se tt l er s i nc re ase drap idly. By 1852 the land around S te i l acoom had b ee n c om pl et el y ho me -

st ead ed an d ne w ar ri val s had no cho ice bu t to sel ect si te s ar ou nd t heper imete r the reof . In thi s, they me t wi th threat s o f the Puget SoundAgr icul tural Company that they were tr espassing on the l and of theCompany. However, in true Amer ican fashion, these hardy p ioneer s r e-fused to evacuat e such homesteads. In thi s, they were p laced in arather untenable posi t ion by the Uni ted S tat es Governmen t . When thef ir st r eg ul ar army t r oo ps oc cu pi ed F or t S te ilaco om , Dr . To lmi e de mand -ed and received for some f if t een year s, du ring the per iod 1850 to 1865 ,annual r en tal o f $600 .00 based upon the Company 's cl aim to t hat p ro -pe r ty.

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A s I I1 0r ean d n or e se tt le rs ar ri ve d, t he se ho me st eads g rad ual lyenco mpassed the C om pany 's fe nc ed hold ings. F i nal ly , as a r esu l t o fhar r assme nt , i nt i mi dat io n and c ont inue d p er sec ut io n o n t he p ar t o fthe C om pany, the L eg islat iv e Assem bl y of the Te rr i to ry m em or ial iz edT he Co ng ress o f the Uni te d state s qu est i oni ng the C om pany ' s t i t le tot he i r c laim . T he m er or ial indic at ed t hat only a sm al l part o f the i rhol di ngs w ere fe nc ed and that t he i r c laims b e l i mi te d to that ac re age ;t hat the Com pany c laime d so me 2 20 squ are mi l es i n so ut hw est P ie rc e andnor thern T hur st on cou nt ie s, the g reate r par t of w hi ch had b ee n usedo nl y f or pastu rage wi th no imp ro ve ments made the re on; that ac t i onshou ld b e in i t iat ed by the Uni te d State s Gov er nm ent on t he di p l om at i cle ve l to ext i ngu ish the t i t le there to and i f ne ce ssary t o re im bu rsethe Co mp any fo r t he ir i mp rov em ents, whic h we re co nsi de re d neg li gi ble jand f inal l y that t he Co mp any b e re st raine d f ro m any f ur ther le gal ac -t i on to ev ic t the se t t le rs f r om the i r hom este ads p ending a se t t l em ent .

As a re su l t o f thi s m emo F i al , ac t io n was i ni t iate d b y the Uni t edSt at es w i th Gre at Br i tai n to e xt ing ui sh the Co mp any 's c lai m. As ar esu l t of t hi s ac t ion t he Co mp any < f i led an exhor bi tant c l aim fo rsev er al mi l l i on dol lar s f or t he Ni sq ual ly and C ow li t z c lai ms. T heyconte nded that t i t le t o the i r land was re ce iv ed f ro m t he abo r i g i nes.H ow ev er , this was disco unte d by the Uni t ed State s Go ve rnment o n thebasi s o f the t re at y ente re d in to b y G ov ernor Isaac I . S te vens and t heN isq ual l y I ndi ans i n 18 54 whic h e xt ingui shed t he Indi an t i t le andwhic h m ade no ment i on o f any t i t le to the Co mpany . Af te r seve ral

y ear s of d iscussi ons and l i t i gat io n the C om pany f i nal ly ag re ed toacce pt $650 ,0 00. 00 fr om the U ni ted S tates Go ver nm ent for the im pr ov e-me nt s m ade on t he i r Ni sq ual ly and C ow li t z f ar ms. Thus the land no wcom pr iz ing Camp M ur ray and mo st of t he land no w o ccu pi ed by themi l i t ar y at F o r t Le wis was r e le ased t o the A me ric an se t t l e r s toobt ai n p ate nt s to the i r c l ai ms.

I t was du r i ng t he p er iod of o cc up at i on by the Pu ge t So und Agr i -cu lt ur al C om pany of the Ni sq u8 11y far m t hat L ie ut enant C har l es Wi lk es,U . S . N av y and hi s sur ve ying expedi t io n vi si te d t he So und and anchor -ed o ff shore near F or t N isqual l y . Du r i ng the i r stay , p erm issi on w asobt ai ne d t o hol d a 4t h of J ul y ce le brat i on o n t he C omp any ' s pr ope r t y .T he ce le br at ion w as he ld o n Mo nday, 5 Ju ly 18 41 , and was t he f i r stc e l eb rat io n o f o ur Inde pende nc e hel d in the N or thwest and w est of t he

M ississi pp i . I t i s c omm em or ate d by a mo nu me nt e rec te d by the Pi onee rA sso ci at io ns o f Pi erc e Co unty o n the 65 th A nnive rsar y , 5 Ju ly 1 90 6.T he m onume nt i s l ocate d at t he head o f Se qual i tc hew L ake som e thre emi le s f r om t he si te o f F o r t N isq ual l y and abo ut one m ile we st o f Cam pMur ray . This l ocat i on is o ne of the di sp ute d p oin ts i n Washing to nhi st or y inasm uc h as a mo num ent wi th sim i lar inscr ip t io n is also lo cat -ed o n t he g rou nds o f t he Du Po nt Po wder C omp any.

F o l lo wi ng the se t t l em ent of t he c laim of the Pu ge t S ou nd A gr i -c ul t ur al C omp any ab ou t 18 67 , t ho se who had hom este aded the di sp ut edpr op er ty rec e i ve d pate nt s to t he i r ho me ste ads. F ir st o f t he se w as

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In hi s 1888-89 Bienniel Report , Adju tant General Rosse l l G.O 'Br ien po inted ou t the di f f i cu l ty in secur ing sui t able p lacesfor armor ie s o r dr i l l rooms. He suggested that the Leg i sl at iveAssembly consider the propri e ty of requi r ing count i e s having or -ganized Mi l i t i a uni t s to e rec t sui t ab le armor ie s as was beingdone in o the r st ate s and te rr i to ri e s. He conside red such acqu i -si t i on v i tal fo r the sto rage and prese rvat ion of st at e p rope rty .

He al so cal led at tent ion to the achievement s o f a g roup of Nat -ional Guard of f ice r s f rom Seat t le who had acqu i red a spaciousarmory in that c i ty through the fo rmat ion of a stock companyknown as the "Fi r st Reg iment Armory Associat ion", and which cur -rent ly housed Companies B, D and E of that r egiment. Subsequentreport s indicated that an ave rage of $6,500 .00 was being expendedannual ly f rom the Mi l i t ary Department funds fo r armory rental sduring the 1890 ' s and early 1900' s.

V E R I - l O R

In 1903 the Stat e Leg i sl atu re appropr i at ed $70 ,000 .00 tobu ild armor ie s in the c it i e s o f Seat t l e , Spokane and Tacoma.Spokane was the f i r st to prov ide the necessary si t e al though i twas necessary fo r the au thor i t ie s of Spokane to i ssue bonds toaugment the $20 , 0 00. 0 0 or ig inal ly al located. The Spokane Armorywas comple ted on 1 Octobe r 1907 . w ith the he lp of addi t ional appro -

p r iat ions by the S tat e wi th the f inal cost be ing $58,363.00 . TheSeat t l e Armory was comple ted next at a cost o f $130 ,000 .00, whichwas $100 ,000.00 over the or ig inal appropr iat ion. The Tacoma Armorywas comple ted on 1 October 1909 at a cost o f $95,000 .00 . Thi s wasthe beg inning of the Armory program for the Washing ton Nat ionalGuard which has now grown to a to tal o f 31 stat e owned armorie swi th an e st i mate d val ue of $ 12 ,5 00 ,0 00 .00 .

On 1 June 1911 the Be l l ingham Armory was completed at a costo f $75 ,000 .00. Next was the Armory at Yakima on 7 Octobe r 1914at a cost o f $65 ,000 .00. O n 10 May 1921 the Evere t t Armory wascomple ted at a cost o f $125 ,000 .00. Next in o rde r were the WallaWal la Armory and the Aberdeen Armory in 1921 and 1922 respec t ive ly .Then came the armorie s at Fe l t s F ield, Pu l lman, Cent ral i a, Olympia,and the new Armory in Seatt l e . Some of these were bu i l t t hrough

Works Progress Admini st r at ion pro jec t s for which the st ate p rov idedt he m at er ial s o nl y.

S ince Wor ld War I I the balance of the armor ie s have been acq-u i red through the use of Federal and State funds wi th the FederalG ove rnme nt p ay ing 7 5%and the S tat e o f Washing ton 25 '1>. In addit ionto ~he Armorie s const ruc ted, seve ral have been rehabi l i tat ed. AlsoMaintenance Shops and Motor Vehic l e Sheds have been construc ted atmost st at ions. o the r Armory faci l i t ie s have been secured on alease basi s f rom the Federal Government and one or two are leasedf rom private intere sts. As thi s i s be ing wri t t en a new Armory i sbe ing bu il t at Okanogan to rep lace a leased faci l i t y and ano the ri s p ro je ct ed f or Co lv il le .

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C A M P l~ R RA YW A L L A W A L L A

Frederick Ropjobns whose claim is recorded as of 16 October 1852.Ropjohns was a crewmemberof the British Ship "Albion" whichwasseized by United States CustomsOfficials on 22 April 1850 forfailing to compzywith U. S. Internal RevenueLaws. Whenthe Shipwas condemnedand sold in November1950, Ropjohns elected to re-main and later served as a memberof CompanyD, 1st WashingtonTerritorial Militia Regiment which was organized at Steilacoom on30 October 1855. This Companywas commandedby Captain William H.Wallace, one of Washington's Territorial Governors, and foughtalongside the regulars from Fort Steilacoom during the Indian Warsof 1855-56. Ropjohn's claim was for 319 acres, a part of which isnowCampMurray. other settlers whoreceived original patents toadjacent property were Harriet and Walter Perry, SherwoodBonney,William N. Savage, Thoepholis Sears, ThomasA. Dean, Harry Barnes,William Northover, George Gibbs, and Peter Judson. FrederickRopjohns obtained final patent to the land on 15 December1888 anddied on 17 January 1889. In the meantimehe had conveyedparcelsof his donation claim to John Murray and James Reams. The deeds toCampMurraybegin with these individuals although several other namesand corporations appear therein preceding the purchase of the landby the State of Washingtonin 1903

.Based upon recommendationsof the Military Board of theMilitary Department, the purchase of 220 acres of land in twoparcels was consumatedby the State of Washington in 1903 at acost of $6,600.00. In November1918, a small parcel, comprizingsome12 acres was condemnedin connection with the donation of theCampLewis Cantonmentby Pierce County for which a reimbursement of$580.00 was received makingthe net cost of the original purchase$6,020.00. On18 June 1921 another parcel of 11.215 acres was pur-chased at acost of $5,000.00. O n 31 October 1932, through condemna-tion proceedings, Barlow Island was secured at a cost of $364.25,making a total cost of the present CampMurray Reservation of$11,384.25 and a total area of approXimatezy231 acres.

Camp Murray, the Headquarters of the Military Departmentand the WashingtonNational Guard, derives its namefrom the Rail-road Station erected by the Northern Pacific Railroad whenthe

Tacoma- Ozympia- Gray's Harbor line was opened about 1890. TheRailroad companyapparently used the namebecause it was along-side MurrayCreek. In turn, MurrayCreek, the Indian namefor whichwas Spootsall Creek, derives its namefrom one of the early pioneerfamilies, of whomhere were several, between Roy, MuckStation,and AmericanLake.


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~(n i o r arm~ a d u i s o rThe Act o f 1903 cover ing the Organized Mi l i t i a was the fi r st

const ruc t ive leg i sl at ion enacted by the Congress o f the Uni t edstat e s and prov ided fo r the f ir st t ime assi stance to br ing theorganized mi l i t i a to a degree of ef f i c i ency comparab le to thato f the regular army .

U nde r a r ide r at tache d to t he Army Appropri at ion Bi l l of1904, the pr ivi l ege was granted to the S tate s to secure the de -t ai l o f an of f ice r o f the regular army on the re t i red l ist fo rdu ty wi th the Stat e o rganizat ions as inspec to r - inst ruc tor s. Underthi s author i ty , the S tat e o f Washing ton was enab led to secure thede tai l of Captain John Kinz ie , USA, Re t ir ed as i ts f ir st Inspec tor -Instruc to r . Cap tain Kinz ie was al so appointed a Lieu tenant Co lone lon the Governor ' s Staf f as Inspecto r General of the Washing ton Nat -ional Guard. The ti t l e o f thi s posi t ion and the manner o f de tai lwas changed in 1909 thus al lowing fo r the se rvices o f an act iveregular army of f i cer to se rve as the "Regu lar Army Instructor".

S ince that t ime , with the excep t ion of the Wor ld War I andWor ld War I I pe riods, r egular army of fi ce r s and enli st ed men havebeen on du ty wi th the Washing ton Nat ional Guard. Fo l lowing Wor ldWar I I , the t i t le was changed to "Army Adviso r" and fo r the f i r stt il ne p ro vi de d a " Se ni or Army Adv iso r" and st af f w ith he adqu ar te rsat Camp Murray to se rve in an adv i so ry capaci ty to the Adju tantGeneral and-hi s st aff . Adv i sor s are now de tai l ed fo r duty wi thBat t al ion and highe r uni t s. S imilar ly , the Ai r Force de tai l sAdvi so r s at the Squadron and highe r l eve l . Majo r du ty of theseAdvi so r s is in fu r the r ing the ef f i c i ency of the uni t , o r uni t sto which they are assigned through appropr i at e assi stance andadv ise to the responsib le Nat ional Guard Commander . The Advi sorexe rc i ses no command over pe r sonne l o f the Nat ional Guard. Theyat t end summer t r aining camp wi th thei r uni t s; at t end armory dr i l l s;ve r ify at tendance at dr i l l s; and ver i fy and cer t i fy at tendance forFederal payrol l s for bo th armory dr i l l and att endance at SummerT ra in in g C am ps .

The present Senio r A~_Adviso r i s Co lone l Preston S tee le

whose Headquar t e r s i f located at Camp Murray . The Senio r Ai rAdv i so r i s Co lone l Troy Kei th who i s stat ioned with the 142ndAir Defense Wing at Ge iger F ie ld, Spokane, Washing ton.


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1th[ j f o r m a t i \ 1 [~[riodT hr ou gho ut the T er r it or ial p er i od of W ashing t on, t he c it iz ens

we re su b je c t to p e r i od i c I nd i an u p r i si ngs. Eac h i nc ide nt w ou ldre viv e in t er est in t he o rg ani zat i on of ~ l il it ia c om pan ie s fo r the i rp ro te c t i on . H o we ve r , due to l ac k of up - to -date arm s b e ing fu rn i sh-ed by t he U ni t ed S t at e s G o ve rnme n t , t hese at t e mp ts p r ov ed f u t i l e .T he sum of $2 0 0 , 00 0 . 0 0 app r op r i at e d annual l y b y The C ongr e ss p ro -v i de d l i t t l e assi st ance t o the S tat e s and al mo st no thi ng t o t he

Te r r i t o r i e s. T he ap pr o pr i at io n was b ased o n a l aw o f 1 80 8 whe nthe p op u l at i on of the Uni t e d S t at e s was le ss t han te n mi l l i on andhad ne ve r b e en r ev i se d to ke e p up wi th the st eady i nc re ase in popu-l a t ion .

At i t s sessi o n in 1 85 4-5 5 , t he Le g i sl at i v e Assem bl y p assedi t s f i r s t M i l i t i a L aws p r ov id ing f o r t he O rg ani zat i o n o f the M i l i t i aand e l e c t ed G eo r ge G ib b s o f S t e i l ac o om Br i gadi e r G ener al to o rg ani zei t . Be f o r e Ge ne r al G ib b s co u l d fu l l y o r gan iz e t he re g i me n t s andob t ai n the Te r r i to ry ' s qu o t a o f ar ms, the Y ak i ma Indi an W ar b r ok eou t ne ce ssi t at i ng the i ssu anc e by the Go v er no r o f p r oc l am at io ns t op ro v i de a fo rc e t o qu e l l t he I nd i an u p r i si ng s t hr ou g ho u t the Te r r i to ry .Majo r G ab r i e l J . R ains, c om mande r o f t he re gu l ar fo r ce s at F or tVanc ou ver , w as app oi nte d Br igadi er Ge ne ral t o co mm and the co mb ine dre g u l ar and v o l u nt ee r fo rc e s and J am es Ti l to n, the S ur v ey or G ene ral

o f t he te r r i to r y , w as app o in te d A dju tan t Ge ner al . F o l l ow ing a r e -o r gani Zat io n o f t he vo l un te e r f o r ce s i n ear l y 1 85 6, M aj o r R ains wasre li e ve d as c om mande r o f the W ashing t on v ol unt ee rs and Co lo ne lBen jam in F . Shaw assu m ed c om mand. F o l l ow ing t he de f eat o f t heYak i m as in S ep t em be r 18 56 , t he Washi ng t on Vo lu nt ee r Re g i m en t w asd i sbanded .

D u r i ng t he C iv i l W ar at t e m pt s w er e m ade b y G ov e rnor P i c ke r i ngt o o rg ani ze t he Washi ng ton Te rr ito ri al M il it ia i nt o a Vo lu nt ee rRe gi me nt base d up on pr oc l am at ions o f Pr esi de nt L inc ol n. H ow eve r,du e t o the c hao t i c c ondi t io ns b ro ug ht o n b y the I nd ian W ars andt he sp ar se po p u l at io n o f t he T er r i t o r y , t he se at t e mp t s w er e o nl ypar t i al ly suc ce ssf u l . I ni t i al l y , t he b u lk of thi s r eg im en t w asre cru it ed in Cal i fo r ni a. H ow eve r, W ashing to n' s so ns f i ll e d thre eof t he 1 0 co mp ani es and pr ov i de d f i l l e r s t o t he o the r c om pani e swhic h w er e st at i one d i n the f o r t s o f W ashing t o n, Or eg on , and I dahodu r ing t he p e r i od 18 62 -65 . The re g i m en t know n as t he F i r st Wash-ing t on Vol un t ee r I nf an t r y w as co mm anded b y Co lo ne l J ustu s S te inb er ge rwho w as ap p o i nt ed b y t he Se c r e tary o f W ar b ase d up on t he r ec om me n-dat io n of W ashi ng t on ' s c ong re ssi onal de l eg ate W il li am H. W al lac e.The Nat io nal C o l o r s c ar r i ed by t hi s re g i me n t ar e st i l l p re se r ve dand hang in the st ai rw ay o f t he C ap i t o l ~ ru se u m i n O l ym pi a.

F o l l ow ing the I nd ian u pr i si ng s le d b y Chi e f Jo se ph i n 1 8 77and C hi e f Mo ses i n 1 87 8 , Go ve r no r E l i sha P . F e r r y w as inst r um en t alin o b t ain ing so me 20 00 o u t mo de d arm s and e q u i pm e nt f r o m t he U ni t e dS t at e s A r my fo r ar mi ng the T er r i t o r i al Mi l i t i a . As a r e su l t ,ac t i ve c om p an ie s o f M i l i t i a be g an t o ap pe ar t hro ug hou t the


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A DJU TA NT G EN EH AL R OS SE LL G . O 'B .'U EN G O V E H N O R} ' J . C . S-:~UIRE @

13RIG. i!l'iSLbY M. I. llil'fEIUN1947 - 191,9

( JE N . L Il Jl UR N H. STEVENS191.9 - 1957


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H O N O R A B LE R OL A N D H . H A R TL EY- 1 9 2 5 - 1 9 3 2

H O N O RA B L E C L AIU NC E D . lL \.! tT IN1933 - 191,0

! .f AJ OR G li ll. M A UR IC E T HO )j pSO N1 9 14 - 19 1 BJ 1 91 9 -1 9 41 J 1 9 45 - 19 4 7

B R IG . G E N . WA I:r mJ1941 - 1945

Terri tory. First of these was the Dayton Grays, followed by theWalla Walla Field Artillery (later Grant Guards), the ColumbiaCounty Rifles and the Klickitat County Guards. This was follow-ed by the activation of companies in Olympia, Tacoma, Seattle,Port Blakely and Montesano. Total strength of the OrganizedMili tie. as of 31 October 1885 was 18 officers and 283 enlistedmen. The Quartermaster General's report for this period indica-ted 455 Model 1864 rifles issued to active Militia comp~es andGARChapters; 582 still on loan to Oregon for use during theIndian Wars of 1877-78; and 1009 in the hands of the CountyCommissioners of the larger counties for use by the unorganized

mili tie. in the event of an emergency.

By 1885, the organized units of Militia had reached a pointof training where it was felt by the Militia Commanderthat acamp of instruction should be held to "further perfect and betterestablish the esprit de corps" of the Organized Militia. Accord-ingly, the first sWlDllercamp of the "Washington National Guard"was held at a place near Olympia, on Chamber's Prairie, called"Five Oaks". There being no provision of law for meeting theexpenses of such an encampment, an invitation was extended byAdjutant General Rossell G. O'Brien to attend at their own ex-pense. Attending this encampment, beginning on 20 August 1885,were the capitol Guards from Olympia, the Seattle Rifles andthe Queen City Guards, also of Seattle. The camp was named

"CampChambers" in honor of Mr. A. H. Chambers who granted theuse of the ground for that purpose. On 25 August 1885 a grandreview was held honoring the incumbent Governor and Commander-in-Cbief, Watson C. Squire. In the evening a reception was givenin their honor by the Governor.

Following the "Chinese Incident" in Seattle in February 1886,interest in the organized militia developed to a point that suffi-cient companies had been formed throughout the Territory to organ-ize two :f'ull regiments of infantry, one east of the Cascades andone west thereof. These regiments were numbered 1st and 2nd, withthe Headquarters of the latter at Goldendale and the former, alongnth Brigade Headquarters, at Seattle. Under the law in effect atthat time, the Adjutant General, Brigadier General, QuartermasterGeneral and Commissary General were elected by the people at GeneralElections. Th e regimental Officers were elected by the officersaSSigned to the Regiment. Accordingly, John C. Haines of Seattlewas elected to commandthe first regiment and Charles M. Andersonof Walla Walla to commandthe second. Brigadier General George D.Hill commandedthe Brigade.

Due to increased interest in tbe Militia and a realization bythe Legislature of the need for a well organized Militia, at theirfirst session after admission into the Union in 1889, a law wasenacted providing for a 1/5 mil tax levy for support of the MilitaryDepartment of Washington. General 0 'Brien, based upon an estimat-ed revenue of some $40,000.00, immediately began planning for a


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FEBRUARYJ 1887

Gov.Squ .: i. e \ ::61. G.O.RaUer

Dt. T. T. M in o :r

CAPT. C.3.REunlART,

@HOtCHABLE U~WIS F. HAHT

1919 - 19;a.

3ftIG . G Eli. HA ltV E:'l.r . M O S S

1918 - 1919


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2 l d \ 1 i s o r ~(tOll n C II

AFTER TH E GOVERNORIS flEVIE'ti - 1 88 5

An Act ent i t l ed , "F or the IJDre e ff i ci ent organ izat ion andd isc ip l ine o f the Mi l i t i a o f the Ter r i t o ry of Washing ton", ap -p roved 28 January 1888, c reat ed the fo re runner o f the Advi soryCounc i l , which was known as the "Mil i tary Board", and was compos-ed of the Br igad ie r Gene ral , The Adju tan t Gene ral , and one fi e ldo f f i cer to be appo in t ed by the Commander- in-Chie f . General Sec -t i on 13 of the Ac t indi cat ed that the Board wou ld const i t u te an

ad vi sor y bo dy to t he Co mman de r- i n-C hie f; au dit cl aim s; p rom ulg ateru le s and regu lat i ons for the o rganizat ion , gove rnmen t and compen-sat ion for the Washing ton Nat ional Guard ; and were provided wi ththe au tho ri t y to change organizat ions to conform to the l aws ofthe Unit ed S tat es. The Mi l i t ary Board appear s to have been re legat -ed to a "Purchasing Board" in the rev ision of the l aws in lC l95 .T he co mpo si t ion w as chang ed t o the C omm and er -in -Chi ef , t he B ri gad ierGene ral and the Quar te rmaste r General and the i r dut i es to f ix themaximum cost o f un iforms and to de t ermine what arms and equipmen tshou ld be purchased. The session laws of 1909 men tion that the" Mi li t ary Bo ard " shal l c on sist o f the C om man der -i n-C hie f, t heBrigad ie r Gene ral and the sen io r f ie ld of f ice r but fai led top re scr ibe any du t ie s whatsoeve r . The laws of 1909, wi th minorrevi sions, cont inued in e ff ect un t i l 1943 when a comple te r ev i sionthereof p rov ided fo r an Advi sory Counc il and presc ribed the du ti e s

thereof .

Unde r T i t l e 38 , Rev ised Mi li t ary Code of Washington, 1953, thecomposi t i on and du t ie s of the Advi sory Counc il ar e pre sc r ibed asfol lows:

R El'R EAT P AR AD E - SU WE Il C Al...'P - 18,35 S K lJ ll .U S H IN G -SU ln .:E R C AM P - 1885

Composi t ion : There i s creat ed an Adv i so ry Counc i l to consisto f the Adju t an t General , one member o f hi s st af f , t o be designat edby h im, and the f ive sen io r of f ice rs from the re st o f the ac t ivepe rsonne l of the O rganized Mil i t i a. Thi s counc i l shal l mee t annual lydur ing the f i rst week in F ebruary of each year on a date to be f ixedby theAd jut ant General , and may be cal l ed for spec ial mee t ings bythe Adju tan t Gene ral , t he Governo r , or upon signed no ti ce o f atl east fou r member s thereof . A ll no t ice s of speci al meet ings mustst ate the nature of the business requi r ing the cal l . The at tendance

o f f ive members shal l be necessary fo r a quorum to t r ansac t businessat any m ee tin g.

PA RT OF 2ND RE GIM ENT E llROUTE TO CA l!? - 1894

Duties: The Advi so ry Counc i l shal l adv f se , w ith the Adju t an tGene ral , on a p rog ram for t r ain ing of the Organ ized Mil i t i a, t heal locat ion o f uni t s, diSCip l ine o f the commissioned and enl i st edp er so nn el , c oo rd in at io n w it h f ed er al r eq ui re me nt s, d et er mi nat io nof quest ions aff ect ing sen ior i ty and promot ion , and the use o frent al o f stat e owned armori e s fo r nonmi l i tary purposes; pe r fo rmsuch other du ti e s as may be requi r ed by the Governo r o r Ad ju t an tGene ral ; and , in case of vacancy in the of f ice o f Adju tan t General ,ce r t i fy a l i st of those e l ig ib l e .

Members: CluTen t members o f the Adv iso ry Counc i l are : Majo rGene ral George S . Cook , Majo r Gene ral George M. H as ke tt , B ri ga di er

Gene ra] , , ;aId o. S po on , B ri gad ie r G en er al Frank M. F ro st , B ri gad ie rG en era. .t Ce lan d G . H unt , Co lon el R al ph S. P he lp s, and L ie ut enan tColone l Lyle E . Buchanan- @

The st re ng th of t he Washi ngt on N at i onal Gu ar d having bee n re duc


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The st re ng th of t he Washi ngt on N at i onal Gu ar d having bee n re duc -e d to t wo b at tal io ns in 1 89 5 du e t o fai l ure of t he L eg isl at ure t oapp rop ri ate suf f ic ien t fU nds, almo st e ver y m an of b ot h bat tal i onsvo lu nte er ed. The r endez vou s was e st abl i shed at Cam p Mu rr ay w her eo n 2 May 1 898 , tw el ve fUll c~anies of vo lu nte er s f ro m Seat t le ,S po kan e, T ac oI IR , Wal la Wal la, Yak im a, Wai tsb ur g, E ll en sb ur g,Ce nt r al ia, Dayt on and Vanco uv er we re mu ste re d in to F eder al se rv ice .F i rst Lie ut enant J ohn H . Whal ley , U. S. Arm y, st at ioned at theUniv ersi t y o f Washi ng ton , w as, wi th the co nse nt of t he inc um bentG ov ernor , J ohn R. R oge rs, appo in ted Col onel to co mm and the Re gim ent .L ie ute nant C ol one l W il l iam J. F ife of Tacom a w as sec ond i n co mm and.O rg ani ze d i nt o t hr ee b at tal io ns, t he r egi me nt be gan i ts m ove me ntto San F r ancisco , Cal i f orn ia star t ing o n 9 M ay 18 98 . I n the me an-t i me anot he r c al l w as r ece iv ed for an indep endent b at tal io n t o whi chc om pan ie s f ro m T ac om a, P om er oy , W hat co m and W at er vi ll e r esp ond ed .T hi s bat tal i on was al so f orm ed and m ust er ed at Camp Mu rr ay bu t wasdes t ined to sp end t he war at Vancou ve r Barr ac ks t o re pl ace r egu larswi t hdr awn f or the Phi l i pp ine s. The F irst W ashingt on Vol unt ee rRe gi ment ar r i ve c in Mani la on 26 No ve mbe r 189 8 and re ndere d ou t -standing ser vic e, p ar t iC ipat i ng in al l naj or engag em ent s, and suf fe r-ing 147 k i l l ed o r w ounde d i n ac t io n. There we re 105 of f ic er s andmen ci ted fo r me r i tor io us se rv ice . Thi s re gim ent was m uster ed ou to f F e de ral serv ic e at San F ranc isc o on 30 O c tob er 18 99 . A m onume ntho nor ing tho se who gav e t he i r l i ve s in this c onf l i c t i s l oc ate di n the M aso ni c Ce met er y at Tum water . T he co lo rs of this r eg ime nt ,

w hi ch wer e c ar r ie d thro ughout the ir serv ic e i n the Phi li ppi nes,al so rep ose al ong si de t hat of t he Civ i l War R eg ime nt al c ol ors i nthe st ai rway at the Cap i t o l Mu seu m. T he mo bi l iz at i on o f thisre gim ent at C amp M urr ay w as t he be gi nni ng of t he Washi ng ton Nat ionalGu ard ' s par t i ci pat io n alo ng side r egu lar t roo ps in the major b at t lesof o ur co unt ry . o ther IO Ob i l i zat io ns wi l l be fou nd i n a fo l lo wi ngchapt er . Ne edless to say t he fo reg oi ng e vent pro vi ded t he im pet usfor ac qui r i ng t he g ro und now c om pri z i ng Camp M ur ray .

m a j .< 5 e n . lR a sk r t t

The Bienni al Re po r t o f The A dj utant G ene ral fo r t he ye ars1 901 -1 902 i ndicate s that gre ate r st r ess w as b ei ng pl ac ed o n tar ge tp rac t i ce . E ver y m an who did no t f i re f i f ty r ounds u po n t he t arg e tr ang e dur ing the t ar ge t se ason was di schar ged f or t he goo d o f these rv ice . I t w as also ev ident du r i ng the su mm er camp of 1 902 that

m uch of the p ranks suc h as b lanke t to ssi ng , runni ng the guard , e tc . ,which had pr ev ai l ed du r i ng p re vio us cam ps had gi ven away to theser io us bu siness o f t r ai ning . Hi s r epo r t on this encam pm ent i ndi -cat ed , that w i th the e xc ept io n o f the Re gi mental dr i l l , the su mme rcam p o f that ye ar w as the be st he ha d e ve r see n. H e par t icu lar lym ent io ns t he i nc rease d ef fi cie nc y o f t he supp ly dep ar tme nts, t heexc el len t me ssing fac i l i t i es, and t he c leanl ine ss of the Camp asa w ho le .

) . 5 r l y. < 5t n . ~ p o o n@


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I.E CHAPEAU

M1gS9

--


22/37

C A PT WAL LA CET . BTAATZC.O., 41ST SIGNAL CO

G O\? .J eH U

JR

;?,,)![) L'1' R ICHA R)) D .MORLEYA DM A SSISTA NT TO TAG

@


23/37

In addi t ion, al l necessary it ems of e~u ipment to suppor t theabove are on hand, which inc lude such i tems as radios, smal l arms,too l s, spare par ts, t e st e~u ipment, e t c .

The invento ry value of Federal equf.pmer r t on band i s approx-i mat el y $ 30, 00 0, 000 .0 0 f or Army N at io nal G uar d an d $ 25 ,0 00 ,0 00 .0 0fo r the Ai r National Guard.

Fede ral funds which have been expended or wi l l be expendeddur ing the Fi scal Year ending 30 JWle 1959 w il l am ou nt ; t o ap pr ox -i mate ly $ 8,5 00 ,0 00. 00 , i n the A rmy Nat ional Gu ar d r ul d $ 2, 50 0, 00 0. 00in the Ai r National Guard.

The majo r port ion of the amoWl t s out l ined above' i s spent inthe State o f Washing ton fo r supp l ie s, pay of c iv i l i an employees,and pay of National Guardsmen go ing to schoo l s, summer f ie ld tr ain-ing, e tc . Approximate ly $3,500,000.00 i s spent on pay of c iv i l i ane mp lo ye es al on e. Axmory dr il l p ay i s an est imat ed $ 2, 50 0, 00 0.0 0

B lU G ( lE N F H . :: :m : rn C K F ' U! lS 'F J N -1 9 0! , Responsibi l i ty fo r the fo rego ing proper ty and fo r the disburse -ment o f Federal funds ip connect ion therewith i s vest ed in theUni t ed S tat e s Prope rty and Fi scal Off i cer who i s a Washing tonNat ional Guard off i cer on ac t ive du ty wi th the Army. He i s re -sponsib le fo r al l Fede ral proper ty , r e~ui si t i on and sto rage , ac -cOWlt ing fo r Federal funds, issu ing Federal re~uest s fo r tr ans-p or tat ion, p urc hasi ng , e xe cu ti on o f co nt rac ts i n c onne ct io n wi thc onst ruc ti on and fu rniS hi ng l ogi st ic al su pp or t f or t he W ashi ngt onNat ional Guard. He also se rves as a S taff Of f i ce r on The Adju tantG en er al 's S taf f

. "SILl~SI!OOl'E:llS" EA. '1 .LY1890 I s

@


24/37

T he f i r st f ou r we r e f or m er re gi me nts assi g ne d to Washing to n. T he


25/37

Ar mo r re gi ment i s ne w and re pl ace s t he 8 03d de si gnat i on p re vi ou slya ss ig ne d t o Was hi ng t on .

A1 1 1 1 1 1 1 /

~.-

These r egi me nt al de sig nat i ons w ere base d up on r eg im ent s w hi chw er e assig ne d to Washing to n i n 19 3 9 and al l uni t s m ust b e l inealde sc e ndents of these re gi me nts i n o r de r to u t i l i ze the ne w re gi me n-t al de si g nat i on . F o r thi s re aso n, i t was nec e ssar y t o assi gn a ne wr eg ime nt al nu mb er to Washi ng to n fo r t he 80 3d T ank Bat tal io n, b ec au sei t has ne ve r b ee n p re vi ously assoc iate d wi th an arm or ed r egi me nt .Base d u po n t he re or ganiz at ion and r edesig nat io n, the tw o Bat tl eGr ou p s b ec am e the 1st and 2 d o f t he l 6l st Infant r y , w i t h the H ead-~uar t e rs of t he fo rm e r i n Sp ok ane and t he lat t e r i n E ve re t t . T hel46t h F ie l d A rt i ll er y Bat tal i on be cam e t he 1 st H ow it ze r Bat tal i on,l46t h A r t i l l e r y . T he l 67 th F ie ld Ar t i l le ry Bat tal i on , a l inealde sc endent of the l46th, b ec am e the 2 d Ro ck et /Ho wi tze r Bat tal i on ,l46t h A r t i l l e r y . I nasmu ch as t he 42 0t h AA A Bat t al io n, 7 70 th AMBat t al i on , 240t h A M Bat t al io n and t he 2 86th AM Bat tal i o n al lt race t he i r her i t age t o the 2 0 5t h A M Re g im ent , t he y b ec ame 1 st ,2d , 3 d and 4t h Bat tal i o ns of the 20 5 th, r esp ec t i ve l y , w i t h t hedate of o rg aniZat i on p ro vid ing the m eans f or est ab li shi ng se ni or ityi n assi gn me nt o f n um er ic al de si gnat io ns am on gst t he se Bat tal io ns.F ol l ow ing the same p at t e r n, the 7 00 th AM Bat tal i on , the o nl y r e-m ai ni ng desc ende nt o f the 2 48 th C om bat Arms Re gim ent , be cam e the1 st H ow it ze r B at tal io n, 2 48 th A rt il le ry .

T he p re se nt u ni t st re ng t h o f t he Washing to n Nat i o nal Gu ar di s 80 Army u ni ts and 1 0 A ir u ni t s. O f t he Army uni t s, 46 ar eD iv i si onal u ni t s and 34 No ndi vi si onal . Cu rr e nt st re ngt h o f Armyu ni ts i s 5 24 of f i c er s, 1 05 w ar rant of f i ce r s and 5 12 9 e nl i st edm en f or an ag gr e gate o f 57 5 8.

C o mp onent s of the W ashi ngt on Ai r Nat i onal Gu ar d are theHe ad~u ar t er s, lo c at ed at C am p Mu rr ay; t he l 42 d A ir De fe nse Wi ngu nder t he c o mm and o f Br i g adie r Ge ner al F rank W . F ro st , at Ge ig e rF ie l d, S p ok ane , Washi ng to n. A lso stat i o ne d at G ei ge r F i e ld ar et he l 16th F ighte r I nt erc ep to r S~uadro n; l1 6t h We ather F lig ht ;2 42 d A ir way s an d A ir C onn nu ni cat io ns S er vi ce Squadzonj Headquar- t .e r ' s25 2d C o mm unic at i ons Gr o up and the 5 60 th A i r F o rc e Band. T he l 43 dAi r Co nt ro l and W ar ni ng S~uadro n and the 2 l5 th G ro und E le ct ro nic s,Engi ne er i ng and Instal l at ions Ag enc y S ~u adr on ar e lo cat ed at Bo ei ngF ie ld. The 262d Co mm uni cat i ons S ~u adro n is st at io ne d at Be ll i ng ham .C ur re nt st r engt h of the Washing to n A i r N at io nal Gu ar d is 1 43 of f i ce r s9 w ar rant of f i ce r s and 1 22 8 e nl i st ed me n f or an ag gr eg ate of 13 8 0.

T ot al st re ng th, b ot h Army and A ir i s 667 o ff ic er s, 11 4 w ar ranto f f i ce rs and 635 7 enl i ste d me n fo r a g rand t o tal of 7 1 38 .

Majo r i t em s of eq ut . pm er rti n bands o f t he W ashingt on Army an dA ir N at io nal G uar d i nc lu de :

1 20 0 m ot or v ehi cl es6 5 t an ks

3 5 A i rc r af t

1 00 A rt il le ry p ie ce s2 0 r adar s

So met ime af t er the death of incumbent Governor Samuel G.


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Cosgrove in 1909, the Camp Murray Rai l road was c hanged to "CosgroveStat ion" , which name remaine d on the stat io n unt i l somet ime af terWorld War I when i t was to rn down. However , the re servat ion i tse l fcont inued unde~ t he name of C amp Murray.

Adjutant General Maur ice Thompson in hi s Biennie l Repor t toGovernor Ernest L ister in 1914 ur ged the const ruct io n of a f i re-proofwarehouse at Camp Mu rray for the storage o f tentage , wagons and other1 '1eId e quipment used each year by t he t roops at the i r annual en campmentAt t hat t ime the State Arsen al .ms at Seat t Le and the equip ment washauled back and for th each year . This recommendat ion bore fru i t andin 1 915 the ent i re t rac t was fence d an d the f i r st bui ld ing, k nown astbe "Arsenal" was erec te d at Camp Murray. Gradual ly o tber smal l bui ld-ing s were acquired and by 1921 a residen ce for The Adjutant G eneral hadb ee n c om pl et ed . In F ebruary 1922, t he O ff ice of The Adjutan t Generalwas moved from t he Seat t l e Armory t o Greene Park at Camp Lewis andf ro m t he re on t he S tat e M il it ar y R ese rv at io n d ev el op ed r ap id ly .

With t he aid of the F ederal Governm ent , permanent me ss hal lsw er e c on st ru ct ed i n se ve ral ar eas, b ui ld in gs f or st or ag e e re ct edand areas for dr i l l , motor vehic le parking, parades, e tc . , c leared .The area was fur tber develop ed by t he const ruct i on of an Admini st ra-t ion Bu i ld ing of hol low t i le and concre te for the O ff ice of T heAdjutant G eneral , fo llowing w hicb that off ice was moved from Greene

Park to the new bui ld ing in F ebruary 1928.Si nce that t ime the fol lowing b ui ld ings have been const ruct -

ed: Machine Shop and T ruck S hed, 1929 ; Art i l le ry Mater i e l andTent Warehouse , 1933; Carpenter Shop and several cot tages for cu s-t od ian s, 1 93 4; B lac ksm it h S ho p, 1 93 5; C om bi ne d F ie ld M ai nt en an ceS ho ps, 1 95 4; E ng in ee r A rr ro ry , 1 95 6; an d t he m ost r ec en t ad di ti onin 1 95~( , t he Camp Mu.rray A rmory which houses the State Hq & H qD et ac hm en t, 4 1st S ig nal C om pan y, t he 7 41 st O rd nan ce B at tal io n, t heO ff icer Candidate School and the off ices of the Senio r Army Advisor .As t his is be ing wri t ten , the prese nt Admini st rat ion Bui l ding isbeing enlarged to provide addi t ional off ice space and storage vaul tsfor the voluminous records depic t ing the history of the Terr i tor ialM il it ia an d t he W ashi ng to n N at io nal G uar d w hi ch hav e ac cu mu lat ed

ove r the past 103 years.

Du r ing th~ p er iod from 27 O ctober 192 7 to 28 November 1940,the Washington N at . ional Guard , thr ough a l icense issued by the WarDepar tmen t, occupi ed several hundred acres of the F or t Lewis Reserva-t io n ad jacent to Camp M urray where permanent bui ld in gs su ch as ki t chenslat r in es, m ess hal ls, e tc . , w ere bui l t for e lements of the 41st Infant rDivision . This area is known as Northeast F or t Lewis and is st i l l usedwith the p ermission of F or t Lewi s, for the summer encampmants of theWashington and O regon Nat ional Guard , usual ly held in June of each year

r c s n t< 9 g i t i


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~ r c s n t< 9 r g a n i z a t i o nHe adq uar te rs of t he M il itar y D ep art men t an d t he Washi ngt on

National Guard i s main t ained at Camp Mur ray . The Staff i s com-posed of bo th member s of the Washington National Guard and em-ployees o f the S tate . The mi l i t ary member s o f the S taf f pe r fo rmdual funct ions in that they are e i ther Stat e or F ederal employ -ees and are al so member s o f the Headquar te r s and Headquar t er sD et achm en t, Washi ng ton Nat io nal Gu ard . T he Mi li tar y De par tme nt ,which is organ ized along funct ional l i nes, i s composed of : TheAd jut ant Ge ne ral ; an A ssist an t A dju tan t G en eral ; O pe rat i ons andTr ai nin g Se ct ion ; Mi li t ary Pe rso nne l S ec tio n; En iin ee r S ect io njS tate F inance Sect ion ; Ai r Nat ional Guard Sect ion ; Civi l ian Tech-n ic ian C oo rd in at or ; A nt iai rc raf t A rt il le ry C oo rd in at or j S tat eQ uart erm ast er ; S tate M ai nt enan ce O ff ic er; and Army A viat i on O f-f i ce r.

T he Was hi n gt o n Army N at io nal G uar d, as c ur ren tl y or gan iz ed,co nsi st s of D ivi si onal an d No ndi visio nal u ni ts. T he Di vi sio nalun i t s are assigned to the 41st Infant ry DiviSion, o rganized inWor ld Wa r r. The Div ision at that t ime was composed of Nat .Lona.Guard uni ts of seve ral Western State s and the Dist r ic t o f Co Lumbi. a,Since World War II , i t bas been composed ent ir e ly of Nat ional Guardf rom the Stat e s o f Washing ton and O regon . As a re sul t , t he Head-quart e rs of thi s Divi sion is sp l i t be tween them and the commandrotat e s. A t the p resen t t ime, Major Gene ral George S. Cook fromW ashin gto n i s in c om man d and mafr rtad .n shi s headq uar ter s in S eat tl e.Whi l e the command i s assigned to Washington , the Assist an t Div isionCo mm and er, a B rig adi er G en eral , is fr om O re gon , w ith headq uar ter sin Port l and. The Divi sion Art i l l ery Commander , al so a Br igad ierGene ral , i s from Washing ton and main tains his headquar te rs inTacoma. The Nondiv isional un i ts o f the Washington Nat ional Guard,wi th the excep t ion o f Transpor tat ion un it s, are ei the r assigned too r at t ached to the l l5 th AAA Br igade , unde r th~ command of Brigad ie rGeneral Donald O . Spoon , who main t ain s hi s headquar te r s at Olympia

.The Div i sion has just comple ted reo rganizat ion under thePen tomic concep t and the combat el ement s of both the Div isionand Br igade redesignat ed under the Combat Arms R eg im en ta l S yst em .

(CARS) The lat t er i s designed to perpe tuat e the l ineages, honor sand hi sto ri es of the older regimen t s which have been assigned toWashing ton. The Div ision , unde r the Pen tomic concept , w il l beorgan ized into five bat t l e g roups, three f rom Oregon and two fromWashington . Each Bat t le Group wi l l compr i s e a Combat Suppor tCompany and five (5 ) l et t er ed Compan ie s. The two groups fromWashington were formed f rom e lemen ts o f the 161st Infan t ry andthe surplus was u ti l i z ed fo r o the r o rganic uni ts and the newlyc re at ed T ran sp or ta ti on B at tal io n.

Un de r t he C om bat Arms R eg ime ntal S yste m, W ashin gto n was as-signed f ive paren t r eg iment s, in to which al l Infan t ry , Art i l l eryand Armored uni ts were assigned . These designat ions are the 161~"Infan t ry , the 146 th, 205 th and 248th Ar t i l l ery, and the 303d Anr .or .

m o b i ltzanun : ( f ) c r i o d s


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m o b i ltzanun : ( f ) c r i o d sPresident Wi l son' s cal l fo r mobi l i zat ion of the Wasb i ng ton

Nat ional Guard fo r Mexican Borde r se rv ice was rece ived by G overnorL i st e r on 18 June 1916 . . Te leg raphic inst ruc t ions to af fec ted uni t swere d i spatched the same day by T he Adj u tant General , Maur ice Thompson.These uni t s were F ie ld Company A, S ignal Corps f rom Seat t l e ; Troop B,C~val ry , f rom Tacoma; Reg imen tal Inf i rmary f rom Seat t l e ; and 2d Wash-ing ton Infant ry Reg iment f rom i t s var ious st at ions, under the commandof Colone l Wi l l i am M. Ing l i s o f Seat t l e . Inst ruc t ions requ i red at t ain-ment o f fUl l st r eng ths through rec ru i t ing at home stat ions, fo l low edby movement to the Mobi l i zat ion Po int at Camp M urray by 25 June 1916.Al l uni t s ar r ived o n sc hedu le and were muste red into Federal Se rv iceon 28 June 1916 wi th a st r eng th of 61 of f i ce r s and 2 069 enl i st e d men.The Signal Company , Troop B, Com pany M, and the Inf i rmary depar t edfo r Calexico , Cal i fo rnia on 30 June and the balance o f the 2d Reg i -ment on 4 Ju ly . The ent i r e reg iment re tu rned t o Camp Mu rray , wherethey were muste red ou t on 8 Oct obe r 1916 . . The S i gnal Company , andTroop B were muste red ou t at Vancouv er Bar racks on 15 February 1917 .

On 17 Febr uary 1911 , a l aw was enac ted by the S tat e Leg i sl atu reand approved by the Go vernor c reat ing the Naval Mi l i t i a as an integ ralpart of the Washing to n Nat ional G uard. Based upon i nst ruc t ions f romt he G ov er no r an d C om mande r- in- Chi ef , T he A dj ut ant G ene ral i mm ed iat el yannounced in General Orde r s a p lan to f o rm four div i sions of Naval

Mi l i t i a, each to consi st o f 3 of f i ce r s and 60 enl i st ed men. Thesediv i sions were to be fo rmed at S eat t l e , Tacoma, Bremer ton, Gray ' sHarbor , o r e l sewhere as might be de te rmined. P re requ i si t e s fo r ap -po intment o f o f f i ce r s the re in were al so announced in the GeneralOrde r s. Fo l lowing the se lec t ion of o f f i ce r s at an e xaminat ion he ldab oar d t he "uss CHEYENNE" in Tacoma on 1 .7 Apr i l , t he o rganizat ion ofthe Naval Mi l i t i a began. W . Frank Andrews of T acoma was appo intedCommander and of f i ce r in charge . The 1 st Div i sion was muste red intose rv ice at Seat t l e on 13 May 1911 . The 2d Div i sion at Tacoma on t hesame date . On 27 F ebruary 1912 , the 3d Di v i sion was muste red atTacoma and on the 16th of May the 4th Div i sion at Aberdee n. O n 7June 1915 , the 3d Div i sion was di sbanded at Tacoma and reorgan izedwi th st at ion at Seat t l e . T he 6th Div i sion was muste red at Evere t ton 28 A pr i l 1916. Just as the Army e le me nt s at te nde d su mm er t rai n-ing camps, the Naval Mi l i t i a par t i c ipate d in annual t r aining c ru i se s

aboard Naval ve sse l s. Records indi cate c ru i ses to S an Franc i sco ,Hawai i and Alaska dur ing the pe r iod of i t s exi st ence . Wi th thest ar t o f Wor ld War I the 5 th, 7 th and 8 th Div i sions were ac t ivatedat Seat t l e , Aberdeen and Hoqu iam, respec t ive ly , and al l e l ement s o fthe Naval Mi l i t i a, unde r the command of Commander Wi l l i am B. Al l i sonof Seat t l e , were muste red into Federal Se rv i ce on 6 Apr i l 1917 . Ex-pansi on of the Naval Mi l i t i a cont inued af t e r ent ry into Wor ld War I .O n 4 August 1917 the 9 th Div i sion was must e red in at the Univ e r si tyo f Washing ton; the lo th at Tacoma; the 11 th at Be l l ingham , the 12 that Hoq u iam; and the 13 th at Raymond, mak i ng a to tal o f 13 Div i sionsprov ided by Washing to n fo r se rv ice on vesse l s in the U. S . N avy .Wi th the adv ent o f the F lee t Rese rve organize d af t e r Wor ld War I ,the Naval Mi l i t i a was never reo rganized al thou gh i t was au thor i zedby law unt i l 1943 .

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e rato r s were secured and t ranspor t ed by ai r and t ruck to communi -t i e s wi thou t e l ec t r iC i ty as a resu l t o f f lood ac t ion Over 6 , 5 0 0


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V IC ,'( SB U [( G - !'H Ur lI NG SH IPJ N AVA L M I L IT I AV fA S HI Nn T0 11 N AT IO N A l G UJ \R D

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t i e s wi thou t e l ec t r iC i ty , as a resu l t o f f lood ac t ion. Over 6 , 5 0 0f ami l i e s were evacuated by Guardsmen using mi l i t ar y vehic l e s.More than 6,000 cows were moved f rom f lood and f lood threatenedareas. Guard DUKW transpor t at ion was used to keep f loo ded roadsopen to c iv i l i an t r af f i c needs. Guard p lanes t r anspor t ed medicaland o the r e me rg enc y su pp li es to areas shu t o f f by f lood wate r s.P ro tec t ion against loo t ing was supp l i ed by Guardsmen along thelower Columbia. Guard manpower and equ ipment were used to estab-l i sh communi ty wate r syst ems, c l ear f lood damaged r oads and c leardebr i s f rom f lood damaged areas. P r ivate homes and farm bui ldingswashed away f rom the i r foundat ions dur ing the f lood were tow edback to the i r o r ig inal si t e s by Nat ional Guard DUKWS, sav ing ownersthousands of do l l ar s. Cat t l e feed and farm produce were moved "f reeof charge" by Guardsmen in and ou t o f f looded communi t i e s. A State -wide su r vey of f lood damage was secured and maintained . fo r use bypub l i c and pr ivate agenc ies inte re st ed in inte l l igent ly assi st ingf lo od v ic ti ms .

I t can be readi ly seen f rom the fo rego ing that the hi sto ry ofthe Washing to n Nat ional Guard, extending b ack more than 100 year shas been one of constant se rv ice to t he c it iz ens o f W ashi ng to n.

Trucks of the Washing ton Nat ional Guard loaded wi th sandbags onpal l e t s, al e r t ed fo r emergency runs to st r eng then f loo d weakenedd ikes in the Longv iew - Ke l so area.

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I n F ebr uar y 19 17, ten si on be gan to mo unt re l at i ve to t heinv ol vem ent of t he Un i te d States in the E uro pe~ n War an d i t wasd eem ed ex ped ien t b y the au tho r i t ies to pl ace ar med gu ard s on du ty


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d eem ed ex ped ien t b y the au tho r i t ies to pl ace ar med gu ard s on du tyt o p ro te ct ar mo ri es an d m il it ar y st or es. An i n t en s iv e r e c ru i t in gpr ogr am was inauge rat ed by the Washin gto n Nat ion al Gu ard in an tic i-pat io n of a c al l in to F ed eral Se rvi ce . Al tho ugh t he 3rd Washi ngt onI nfant r y Reg ime nt w as muster ed i nto serv ice f 'o r- uard d uty on 25M arc h 1 917 , fo rmal dr af t in to F ed eral Ser vic e did n ot tak e placeunt i l 5 A ugu st 1 917 . Un its dr af t ed inc lud ed the In fan try Reg im ent ,Cav al ry un its, S ign al Co rps un its, a F ie ld Hospi t al an d a Bat tal io nof F ie l d Art il l er y. Al l Washi ngt on t roo ps, e xce pt the F ie ld Hospi t a:and the Coast Ar ti l le r y Com pan ies wer e assign ed t o the 4 1st I nfant r yDiv ision . The d esi gnat io n o f the I nfant r y R egi men t was c han ged tot he 16 1st an d as a r egi men t saw no act i on at the f ron t , al tho ughfr om i ts ran ks w ent thousand s of men in to f ron t l i ne u ni t s as re -p lac eme nts. Co lon el Ing l is se rve d the gr eat er par t of the t i me asi t s Co mmand er . The F ie ld Ar t i l le r y Bat tal io n b ecame a par t of t he146 th F ie l d Art il l ery Re gim ent , u nde r t he co mmand of Col one l P aulH. We yrauch of W al l a Wal l a, and saw i ts f i r st serv ice i n F ran ce o n11 Jul y 1 918 . T his re gim ent saw con stant serv ice the reaf te r unt ilt he A rm ist ic e i n t he A ise -M ar ne , S t. M ihi el an d M eu se -A rg on necam pai gns. T he 116 th F ie l d Sig nal Bat tal ion , C omp any A, e xpande d,ser ved as a T rai nin g Bat tal ion an d t rai ned some 4, 000 re placem ent sfo r f r ont l in e S ign al un i ts. The l1 6th T rai n H ead quar te rs an dM il it ar y P ol ic e, w hi ch w as c om po se d o f f or me r W ashi ng to n C av al ryuni ts, w ere eng age d i n Mil i t ary Pol ice d uty in al l p ar ts of F r anc e .The Co ast Art il l ery Co mpanie s, n umb ere d t r om 1 st t o 12t h, i nc l usi ve ,t he W ashi ng to n F ie ld H osp it al , n on -c om mi ssi on ed st af f an d C oastA rt i lle ry B and , we re dr af t ed in t o serv ice at F or ts Wo rde n, F lagl erand Casey. Mo st o f the pe rsonn el of these u ni t s wer e in teg rat edin to the 6 3rd an d 6) t h A rt i lle ry reg ime nts w hic h ar riv ed i n F ran cein J uly 19 10, b ut . saw no f ron t l in e ac t Lo n . F ol low ing the i r re t urnf rom F ranc e in 1 919 , i ndi vid ual s wer e mu ste red out of F eder al serv ic{w ith the Ar ti l le r y mem ber s b ein g separat ed at C anr p Lew is and othersat e as te rn s tat io ns.

GUlUtL)SM.l:J) H.i:$!"UNUlbiG 'ru i l ' ; 1 r iD ISA ST R OU S F LO OD S C 'F T m~ C OU nlB l A

n: 19{IB

Ju st p r io r to the ou tbr eak of W orl d \{ar I I, the 1 03r d An t i -Tan k B at t al i on and the 20 5th Coast Art il l er y R eg ime nt ( A A ) wereau tho ri ze d t he S tat e o f W ashi ng to n, w it .h He ad qu ar te rs o f t he f or me rin Tac oma and t hat of the lat te r in O l ymp ia. I ndu ct i on of the

W ashi ng to n N at io nal G uar d had b ee n an ti ci pat ed se ve ral m on ths i nad van ce , and u nde r Ex ecu t iv e O rd er No. 83 50 of the P reside nt , sig n-e d on 31 Au gust 1 940 , al l W ashing ton e Lemerrt s o f the 4 1st I nfant r yD ivi Sio n, exc ept t he 41st Tan k Com pan y, w ere di rec ted to mo bi l izeat t .he ir Ar mo ri es o n 1 6 S ep te mb er 1 94 0 f or i ll lI l' .e di at e nduct ioni nto t he ser vic e o f the U ni t ed st ate s. The mov eme nt was ef fec tedw ti h p re c. isi on an d d isp at ch, al l e le me nt s b ei ng at t he ir r esp ec ti vet=i nin g eam ps wit hin f ive day s af te r ind uct ion . The 24B th Co astAr t i Ll .e -y was i .nd uct ed o n the sam e d ay wit h stat ion at F or t Wor den .T be 2 0) th C oast A rt il le ry (M) an d t he l 03 rd A nt i- Tan k B at tal io n,.. .hl c h inc lud ed the 41 st Tank C omp any , red esi gnated as Com pan y C,. ,e r e in duc ted i nto se rvi ce on 3 F eb ruary and 10 F e bru ary 1 941 ,n ', c' fJ ec ti ve ly .T hu s al l f ed er al ly r ec og ni ze d u ni ts o f t he Wash in gt onN'l t Lona L G uar d had b ee n mu ste red int o F e der -a , Service .

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F ol lowing a cloudburst at Wenatchee , in S eptember of 1925,the Howitzer Company of the 1 61st Infant ry , wi thin f i f t een m inutes,


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p y y , ,had assembled at the Armory, and proceeded to t he disaster area.Thei r prompt arr ival resu l ted in the saving of several persons, in-c lu di ng t hr ee c hi ld re n w ho had been pinned down in the wr eckage ofdwel l in g houses in the path of the f l ood.

In 1926, fo l lowing a f i re in the main cel l b lock of the StatePeni tent iary at Wal la Wal la, mew~e rs of C ompany F , 16lst Infant ryp ro ce ed ed t he re to , t he re by p re ve nt in g a m ass b re ak ou t o f p ri so ne rswh o had been turned out in to the pr ison yard . Du r ing the p er iodfro m 1927 to 1929 the Army A ir Corps of the Washington Nat ionalGuard was cal led out on numerous ai r searches for lost persons andd ow ne d p la ne s.

Dur ing the lat ter par t of June 1935, whi le the t roop s of theWashington Nat ional Guard were assembled at Camp Mur ray for theannual F ie ld Train in g Encam pment , a st r ike among the workers int :he mi ll and lumber indu st ry of Western Washington assumed suchthreate ning propor tions as to jeopar dize the safe ty of persons andproper ty . O utbreaks of violence and disorder had b ec om e so se ri ou sthat the use of the Washington Nat ional G uard became apparent

. Based upon a decision of the Governor , one bat tal ion of the l6 lstI nf an tr y w as o rd er ed i nt o S tat e se rv ic e, w it h H ead g_ uar te rs i nTacoma. F ol lowing the complet io n of f ie ld t rain i ng, t he balanceof the 161st and the 248th CA were or dered into service , alongwith other e lements at te nding f ie ld t rain ing. Du ring this p er iod ,t roops were also st at ioned in Aberdeen, where the si tuat ion therewas also p recar ious. By the en d of July most of the t roop s hadbeen withdrawn, wi th the exc ept ion of Aberdeen, where the t roopswere f inal ly wi thdrawn on 9 August 19 35.

The last and most recent use of the Nat ional Guard t roopsfor State duty occur red dur ing the gr eat f lood s of the ColumbiaRiver in 1948. F rom May to Noveniber , of f icer s and enl isted menof the Washington Nat ional Guar d operated under order s of theGovernor of the State of Washin gton. War ned of threatening f loodsby w eather fo recasters, the Governor mob il ized guard u ni ts toassist in the ear ly evacuat ion of t hreatened areas. In order to

save mil l io ns of dol lars wor th of personal proper ty and possib lymany l ives, this ac t ion was t aken i n advanc e of immediate need s,ant ic ip at ing and avoiding the type of t ragedy which had s t ruckVan por t , O regon. As the disaster develope d, Guardsmen fro m Spokane,O mak , O kan og an , E ll en sb ur g, Yak im a, P ro sse r, P asc o, R ic hl an d,K en ne wi ck , Wal la Wal la, Van co uv er , C he hal is, A be rd ee n, O ly mp ia,Bre mer ton, Por t O rchard , Tacoma and Seat t le operated in twelvecount ies hi t by f loods. Tem porary ho using and be dding weresuppl ied b y the Guard and moved into needy areas. Some 243 ,000sandbags were t ran spor ted by ai r and ground uni ts to threatenedareas. In one area, 8 1/2 mile s of di ke w e r e b ui l t two fee thigher and twenty fee t wider in one twenty-four hour p er iod .E g_ ui pm en t an d m an po we r w er e se cu re d f or t he r ec on st ru ct io n o fi r r igat ion di tche s in the Methow Val ley . Se ven elec t r ical gen-

A l t ho ug h t he 1 61 st I nf an tr y, " Washi ng to n' s own", was a par tof the 41st Infant ry Di visi on when i nduct ed into F ederal S ervi ce ,


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y ,f ol lo wing a reo rgan izat ion of t hat Div isio n fr om a " Square" typ eto a "Tr iangu lar" ty pe (3 Infant ry Reg imen ts inste ad of 4) , i twas re moved f rom the 41st and assi gned to the 2 5th Infant ry Di vi -sion . In Aug ust of 19 42, the reg imen t was o rder ed fro m F ort L ewisto H awai i to r eplace a re gimen t of t he Hawai ian Nat ional Guard .The re gimen t saw some act ion at Gu adalc anal u nt i l the 2 5th w asord ered to Mun da where i t becam e a ful l an d equal p ar tn er i n thedivi sion by di nt of the hard f ight ing p rofe ssion al at t itude i td isp layed on N ew Geo rgia I slan d. F ol lowi ng this eng agem ent the1 61st acco mpan ied the div ision to the Phi l ippi nes whe re i t earn edan env iable reco rd of 16 5 day s of c ont i nuou s c ombat on the Islandof LUZon and also i ts P hi l i ppin e P resi dent ial Uni t Ci tat ion . Thereg imen t acc ompanied the 25th to Jap an fr om w here i t was r el ie vedf rom act ive duty at Nagoya on 1 Nove mber 19 45.

The 248 th C oast Art i lle ry remained at F or t W orde n and ot herdefe nces o f Pu get So und u nt i l 2 5 Ap ri l 1944 w hen i t w as t ransfe r r -ed to C amp B arke ley , Texas and disbande d. The pe rson nel of thi sreg imen t w ere t r ansfe rred to the 76 8th, 769t h and 80 4th F ie ldA rt il le ry B at tal io ns w hi ch saw se rv ic e i n t he E ur op ean T he at er .

T he 2 05 th C oast A rt il le ry ( AA ) R eg im en t, o ri gi nal ly st at io n-ed at F or t Lewi s, perf orme d d uty in Alaska and t he Har bor De fensesof Lo s A ngele s u nt i l Aug ust 1944 whe n i t w as o rdere d to Cam p Bow ie .Texas wher e i t w as i nact ivate d on 24 August 19 44 and the p erso nnelthe reof t ransfe r red to o ther Coast Art i l le ry uni ts i n t he 4th A~area.

T he 1 03 rd A nt i- Tan k B at tal io n, st at io ne d at F or t L eW iS ,o ri gi nal ly w as r ed esi gn at ed t he 1 03 rd I nf an tr y B at tal io n, A nt i-T ank on 24 Ju ly 194 1 and ag ain on 15 D ecem ber 194 1 to the 803r dTank Dest roye r B at tal ion . O n 1 Augu st 19 41, the Bat tal i on arr i v-e d at F or t H ood, Tex as, f r om where i t was move d to F or t Dix , Ne wJer sey and thence to Pin e Camp , N ew Yo rk for fu r ther t rain ing.S ai l i ng for t he Eu rope an Theater on 24 J une 1 943 i t par tic ip atedin the Nort hern F ranc e, Ard enne s, Cen tral E urop e, No rman dy andR hine land camp aign s. The B at tal ion was inac tivated at F or t D ix ,

New Jer sey on 1 D ecem ber 19 45.

W ith the o utbr eak of host i l i t ies in Kor ea in lat e J une of19 50, o rders we re rec eive d at Camp Murr ay for the i nduc t ion intoF ed er al se rv ic e o f n on -d iv isi on al u ni ts o f t he W ashi ng to n N at io nalGuard . The 115t h AA A O p erat ions De tachment f rom O lymp ia and the7 70th A AA G un B at tal ion fr om Seat t le we re in duct ed on 14 August1950 . Hq & Hq B at ter y, 6 6th F ie ld A rt i l l ery Grou p from Seat tlew as indu cted on 1 1 Se ptem ber 1950 . Al l A ir Nat ion al Guardsme nhad b een ind ucte d by 1 Ma y 1951 . Arm y el emen ts wer e re le asedin July 1952 an d A ir Nat i onal Guar d uni ts in F ebr uary 195 3.

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UPPER:I N

F ( ( 'D IN G S T HE A M ..T M I N D A . N A O- I J t . r r N G AC A.B IJ ~ - C : l r r m -A B O A H DD tH :W - . H I G l l 1

1. BIAK

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i 'u m m c r r a m p s


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pI n a p re vi ou s c hap te r de vo te d t o t he f or mat iv e p er io d m en ti on

i s f re qu ent ly m ade o f " cam ps o f i nst ru ct io n", " su mm er t rai ni ng c am ps"o r mere ly "summe r camps". These te rms are synonymous. I t i s at thesecamp s that the Nat i onal Guar dsmen are brou ght each summer to learn them il it ar y t ac ti cs and t ec hni qu es w hi ch c anno t b e t au ght i n t he ar mo ri esdur i ng we ekly dr i l l per iods. Not only does such a cam p prese nt t heo pp or tu ni ty t o c on du ct t ar ge t p ra ct ic e an d c on du ct t ac ti cal p ro bl em sover large areas bu t i t al so p ermi t s the commander to dete rmine theef f i c ienc y of hi s uni t and the amunt of t raini ng the indiv idual hasa bso rb ed d ur in g t he j II lsty ear i n t he A no or y.

I t i s for the sam e re asons that Adj utant General O 'Br ien cal le dfor the f i r st encampm ent or so cal led "camp of inst ruc t i on" in 1885.H e w as de si ro us o f c on du ct ing m ass dr il ls an d m ass sk ir mi shi ng t ac ti cs.T he indiv idual can b e t rained in the theory and fundamentals of hisposi t ion , in the c lass room, bu t, in order to pe rfec t the ne cessaryteam work requi red of a uni t on the bat tle f i eld, the opp or tuni ty m ustbe prov ided to put theore t ical know ledge int o ac t ual pr ac t ic e. Thusthe sum mer t rai ning camp must of nece ssi ty take pl ace annual l y orof te ner in orde r to de velop the guardsmen int o f ul ly t rained uni t sc ap ab le o f t ak ing t he ir p lac es al on gsi de r eg ul ar ar my u ni ts.

P IP -S f R E GIM ! NT O F T HE WAS HIN G TO N N ATIO NA L G U AR D L IN IN G U Pro nTH E I.TH O F JU LY PA ItA DEAT SE CO ND A ND C OWM BIA INSEAT' l ' I . .E , lSB9

The Depar tment of the A:rmy and the Dep ar tme nt of the Air F orcep rovide the bulk of equip ment , suppl ie s and pay of t he indiv idualat the se summer camps. Through the A:rmy or A ir F orce Adv isory Gr oup,the de gree o f t rain ing of Nat i onal Gu ardsm en is me asure d to insuret hat t he do ll ar s al lo cat ed b y t he se D ep ar tm ent s ar e b ei ng w el l sp ent .Needless to say t hat the re cords of the se enc ampments over the pastf if ty y ear s i ndi cat e t hat t he W ashi ng to n N at io nal G uar d has al way sbad f av or ab le r at in gs f o r t he se e nc am pm en ts .

T hr ou gho ut t he y ear s, t he Washi ng to n N at io nal G uar d, has al mo stalways bad se veral b ranches of serv ice s assigne d. Eac h type ofserv i ce req ui res di f fere nt t raining . I n order t o secu re t he t ypeof fac il i t ie s requi red for eac h typ e of serv i ce i t has been ne cessaryt hat su ch t rai ni ng be c onduct ed at a cam p or post where such fac i l i t i esexist . Thus ove r the years, the sunmer - camps for the Washingto n N at ion

al Guard have be en held at var io us plac es and at di f ferent t imes.Infant ry uni t s have usual ly t rained at Camp Mu rray usi ng F or t L ewisf ac il it ie s. C oast A rt il le ry u ni ts, w he n su ch w er e assi gne d, t rai ne dat F or t Worde n or other Puge t So und Def ense stat ions. Ar ti l le ry t rain-ing , pr io r to World War II , was c onduct ed at Camp Mu rray and F or t L ewisToday, becau se of the hig h vel oc i ty o f som e of the weapons, these campsare now held at the Yaki ma F ir ing Center whe re the range is not l imi t -ed as i t i s at F or t Lewis.

FIP-ST R E G IM Jl ;N TA L B A N D O F ' T HEW'A5!LLliGTONN AT IO N A L ( ,1 3A R D I NF R O N TOF TH E ARJ,{ORYWR IN G THE SE A TTLE F IR E IN JU N E ,H189

W ith the exc ept io n of 1917 and t he pe r iod dur i ng World War II ,e nc am pm en ts hav e b ee n he ld ann ual ly si nc e 1 90 2. P er so nne l at te ndi ng .camp rece i ve t he same r ates o f pay and al l owanc es as t hat o f theregular army. In 1 902 the o ff icer rece i ved $2.0 0 per day and thee nl ist ed m an $ 1. 50 w hi le at te ndi ng su mm er c am p.

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wou ld have be en f ar g reater , due to l oot in g , had the Nat ion al Gu ardno t bee n pre sen t . The c ost to t he S tat e f or t he i r se rvi ces wasapp rox imate l y $4 000 0 0 f or the 15 day s S imi lar ly t ro ops o f the


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app rox imate l y $4, 000 .0 0 f or the 15 day s. S imi lar ly , t ro ops o f theWashin gto n Nat ion al G uar d wer e c al l ed ou t du rin g, t he gre at f i r es atSp ok ane and V anc ouv er t he same ye ar and also d ur i ng labor r io t s atthe c oal mi pes at Ne wcast l e.

In 189 1, mi nin g t ro ubl es i n Ki ng C oun ty re qui red on e-hal f ofthe st ren gth o f the W ashing ton N at i onal Guard fo r a p er i od of t hre ewe ek s, fo llo win g a se rie s o f di sor der s which c ulm inated in an o rgan-iz ed ar med mob takin g o ver the mi nes on 24 J une . T he Nat io nal G uar dwas c al l ed i n to serv ice of the St ate to su ppr ess the se d iso rde rs an d

re sto re t he pro per ty to i t s r ig ht f Ul ow ner s. Tro ops en gag ed we reCo mpanie s B , D and E , 1 st Re gim ent , of S eat t le , C omp ani es C an d G,1 st Re gim ent an d Tro op B, 1st C aval ry B at t al i on , of Tac oma. Dur ingthi s d iso rde r , sev eral m en lost the i r l i ves and a num ber wer e w ou nde di n b r in gin g an en d t o r io t and d iso rde r .

S eve ral c omp ani es of the W ashin gto n Nat ion al Gu ard we re cal ledou t fo r dut y in 1 891 dur ing co nf l ic t b e tw een st r ik i ng mi ner s an dneg roe s of Kin g Co unt y and w ere ale r te d f or dut y i n con nec t io n wit han Ind ian o utb reak on t he O kan ogan In dian Re ser vat ion ; at Spr agu eon 3 Aug ust 1 895 d ur i ng a f i re ; at El l ensbur g o n 19 Au gust 18 95 topr ot ec t p r isone rs f ro m an org ani zed mob ; an d ag ain at the same placei n Dec emb er fo r t wo days t o p rot ec t t he ci t iz ens fro m an angr y mob .

O n 3 Ap ri l 1 896 , W ashing ton f i she rme n at Bak er ' s B ay, ne ar -I l lw aco , we re at t ack ed b y a m ob of som e 300 st r i k in g O r ego n f ishe rme n.Thei r t raps wer e d est roy ed and pi le d r iv er s wer e f l oat ed out t o sea. 'Based u pon a re que st f ro m the She ri f f of Paci f ic C oun ty , Br igadie rGen eral 1u gen e M. Car r and a d etacbm ent o f 40 o ff ic er s an d e nl ist edme n d epar t ed f rom S eat t le on 9 Ap ri l 189 6. The De tac bme nt , u nde rthe c omm an d of Captain F ran k E. Ad am s, re mai ned at I l lwaco u nt i l2 Jul y 18 96 there by p erm it t ing Wasbi ngt on ci tiz ens t o ree stabl i sh t hei rt rap s and o per ate the can ner ies f or t he annu al catch of sal mon w ort hhu nd re ds o f t ho usan ds o f d ol lar s.

D ur i ng a t yphoid e pid emi c at C ent ral ia i n De cem ber 1 913 , andJan uar y 1 914 , a d etachm en t of the M edi cal Cor ps, Washin gto n Nat io nalGu ard , w as cal le d ou t and establ i she d an eme rge ncy hosp ital u nt i lt he e pi de mi c su bsi de d.

In 1 918 and 191 9 tr oop s w ere cal le d out d ur i ng lab or di st urb anc esin Se at t le and Ev ere t t . O n 1 1 No vem ber 191 9, Com pan y F was cal le dou t f ro m Tacom a, fol low ing t he slayi ng of fo ur ve ter ans at a p aradea t C e nt r al i a.

In 1 918 an d agai n i n 1 921 , t ro ops we re cal led ou t fo r f ore stf ir e p ro te ct io n d ut y i n- St at e f or est s.


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WASH IN GT ON N AT IO NA L C RlA RD SM AN P E RF OR M IN G SE N'rnY O OT Y AT A!R AN CH O F T HE D EX TER H OR TO N B AN K A F1 'E Ji F IR E T It JU NE,1 88 9

N AT I ON A L C R l A R D SJ .l F 1!PERFORMING D UTY IN CO N~lE CT IO N WITH T HE "F OU NDB UR EA U" E ST AB LISH ED N EA R T HE P RE SF JlT SIT E O F T HE F ED ER A L 3'JIW IN GDURING TH E G R EAT SEA TTLE FIR E IN JUNE, 1889

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~rr\1i(r 1 C o 1 C h r < .t i t iz r n


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The rev i sed Mi l i t ary Code of Washing ton prov ides that theGovernor may 'o rde r ou t the Washington National Guard, in hi scap ac ity as C om mander -i n- Chi ef , t o sup pr ess ri ot s and di so rde rso r to aid the c i t i zen in t ime Qf di sast e r . Thi s au thor i ty hasexi st ed almost f rom the t ime Washing ton became a Ter r i to ry . Theor iginal Mi l i t ia l ays o f the Ter r i tory did no t p rov ide such au th-o ri ty . N ev er the le ss, G ov er no r S te vens, u nde r al le ge d aut ho ri tyo f the Organic Ac t c reat ing the Terr i to ry, dec lared mar t i al l awin bo th P ie rce and Thurston count i e s to prevent pe r sons, al l eged

to be assi st ing the host i l e Indians during the Indian Wars o f1855-56, from be ing re leased f rom ar rest under a v r i t o f habeuscorpus. Al though cr i t : l , c i zed f or hi s ac t ions, he vas suppor t ed bymost ci t i zens as evidenced by the fact that in the rev i sionof the l"LU.i t i a Laws in 1857 au thori ty vas g ranted the Governor too rder ou t the Mi l i t i a in such emergen~ies.

The present l aws provide au thor i ty fo r the Governor to pro -c l aim comple te o r l imi t ed mar t i al law anywhere in the S tat e.Comple te marti .. bL l aw is the subordinat ion of al l c iv i l au thor i tyto the mi li t ary . L imi ted mar t i al l aw is par t i al subordinat ionof c iv i l au thor i ty by se t t ing up an addi t ional pol i ce power vest-ed in the mi l i t ary fo rce wi th the right to tr y any p er so n a pp re -hended by i t in such area by a mi l i tary t r ibunal o r tu rn sucho ff en de r o ve r to t he c iv i l i an au thori t i e s wi thin f ive days fo rfu r the r ac t ion, dur ing which t ime the vr i t o f habeus corpus shal lbe suspended in behal f of such per son. The only o the r inc identi n Was hi n gt o n I s hi sto ry in which comple te mar t i al l aw was pro -c laimed by a Governor was during the Chinese Inc ident in Seatt l e inFebruary of 1886. In thi s he was backed up by the President o f theUnit ed S tat e s who also proc laimed Seat t le under mar t i al law anddi rec ted the movement o f regular army t roops to t he scene torestore l aw and orde r . The Organized Mi l i t i a, composed of theSeat t l e Ri f l e s, the Queen City Guards, two companies o f Home Guardsand a Company of Cade t s f rom the Unive rsi ty o f Washing ton, wascal l ed out by the Governor to assi st l oc al l ay e nfo rc em ent ag enc iesin que l l ing an ef fo r t by the ant i -Chinese e lement to oust al l ofthe Chinese residents o f Seatt l e . These organized uni t s under thepe r sonal di r ec t ion of Governor Squi re and hi s mi l i t ary st af f tookcomple te cont ro l of the si tuat ion and continued to m ai nt ai n l awand orde r unt i l r e l i eved by t roops of the regu lar army f romVancouver Bar racks. S ince that t ime the Washing ton Nat ional Guardhas p ar ti ci pat ed i n many major inc ident s and many er rands of mercy.

In the Great F i re o f Seat t l e , in 1889, three companies f romSeat t l e were cal l ed ou t fo r use in pro tect ing l if e and proper ty o fi t s c i t izens. Wi th the ent i r e business area of Seat t l e burning , thest r ee ts crowded wi th men, women and chi ldren, rushing f rom the sceneof the f i r e , the three companies proved insu f f i c ient to maintaino rder , and the Governor o rde red two companies f rom Tacoma to assistthe Seat t l e uni t s. These t roops served 15 days, during which t imeabout 120 ac res had been devastat ed by the fi r e , wi th loss o fprope r ty in excess of $15 ,000 ,000 .00 . I t vas the unanimousop inion of the c i t i zens of Seatt l e , at that t ime , that the loss

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