cambridge sec one chap 1

7/24/2019 Cambridge Sec One Chap 1

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CAMBRIDGE SECONDARY

ONE SCIENCE

CHAPTER 1: PLANTS AND

HUMANS AS ORGANISMS


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1.1 PLANT ORGANS

Most plants are greenbecause they contain

chlorophyll

Chlorophyllabsorbs l!gh"energy to make #oo$All the

#oo$ that is e%"en by %n!&%l

was oriinally ma!e by pl%n"'Pl%n"' i"e out o(ygen!urin

pho"o'yn"he'!' in the

!aytime.


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1.1 PLANT ORGANS

The p%r"'o# an org%n!'&

are calle! org%n'

Org%n )*nc"!on

Le%+e' A,'or, l!gh" energy "o &%-e#oo$

)lo.er' Pro$*ce 'ee$' .h!ch c%n

gro. !n"o ne. pl%n"'

S"e& Hol$' "he le%+e' %n$ #lo.er'%,o+e "he gro*n$

Roo"' Hol$ "he pl%n" #!r&ly !n "he'o!l They %,'or, .%"er %n$

&!ner%l '%l"' #ro& "he 'o!l


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1.$ %&MAN ORGANS S'ST(MS

Animals also ha"e orans.

)or e*ample+ the eye an!

heart are orans.A gro*p o# org%n'that

work toether is calle! an

org%n 'y'"e&


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Org%n 'y'"e& De'cr!p"!on

D!ge'"!+e 'y'"e& Bre%-' $o.n #oo$ !n"o "!nyp%r"!cle' 'o "h%" !" c%n ,e%,'or,e$ ,y "he '&%ll !n"e'"!ne

The %,'or,e$ #oo$ &o+e' !n"o "he ,loo$ "o %ll ,o$y p%r"'

C!rc*l%"ory

'y'"e&

Tr%n'por"' '*,'"%nce' %ll o+er "he

,o$yThe ,loo$ !' p*&pe$ %ro*n$ "hec!rc*l%"ory 'y'"e& ,y "he he%r"

Ner+o*' 'y'"e& Help' $!##eren" p%r"' o# "he ,o$y"o co&&*n!c%"e .!"h one %no"her

S!gn%l' "r%+el %long ner+e' #ro&"he ,r%!n %n$ 'p!n%l cor$ "o %ll

o"her ,o$y p%r"' %n$ #ro& 'en'eorg%n' "o "he ,r%!n

Re'p!r%"ory'y'"e&

Allo.' o(ygen "o en"er "he ,o$y%n$ c%r,on $!o(!$e "o le%+e !"


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Le"els o# oranisation,


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1.- T%( %&MAN S(L(TON


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1.- T%( %&MAN S(L(TON


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1./ 0ONTS

A/o!n"is a place where 0

,one' meet.The '-*ll h%' #!(e$ /o!n"' !n "he cr%n!*&B%ll%n$'oc-e" /o!n"' 2%llo.' ,one "o &o+e !n %ll $!rec"!on'3Mo+e%,le /o!n"'The '-*ll h%' #!(e$ /o!n"' !n "he cr%n!*&B%ll%n$'oc-e" /o!n"' 2%llo.' ,one "o &o+e !n %ll $!rec"!on'3


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1./ 0ONTS

Structure o# a mo"eable 2oint

To re!uce the #riction at

mo"eable 2oints, 3i4 The en! o# the bones are

co"ere! by c%r"!l%ge

3ii4 Syno+!%l #l*!$ #ills thespaces between the $

bones


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1.5 M&S6L(S

M*'cle' are orans that

help us to &o+e

The &*'cle' are attache!to ,one'by "en$on'

Ten$on' are +ery '"rong

an! they $o no" '"re"ch

M*'cle !' connec"e$ "o


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1.5 M&S6L(S

%ow muscles work4hen "he ,!cep' &*'cle con"r%c"'5 !" "r%n'&!" % p*ll!ng #orce

B!cep' &*'cle con"r%c"


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1.5 M&S6L(S

An"%gon!'"!c &*'cle' are

a pair o# muscles workin

toether+ pullin in oppo'!"e$!rec"!on'

Thecon"r%c"!ng ,!cep'

makes the %r& ,en$ at theelbow 2oint. The "r!cep'

&*'cle rel%(e'


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1.5 M&S6L(S

)or the %r&to be '"r%!gh" aain+ the "r!cep' &*'cle

con"r%c"'an! the,!cep'

&*'cle' rel%(e'

B!cep' %n$ "r!cep' &*'cle' %re %n"%gon!'"!c


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1.7 ST&8'NG T%( %&MAN 9O8'


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cambridge sec one chap 1

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