cambridge international examinations cambridge ordinary level levels/geography...

This document consists of 26 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 Insert.

DC (ST/CGW) 108701© UCLES 2014 [Turn over

Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge Ordinary Level

*7385486212*

GEOGRAPHY 2217/13

Paper 1 October/November 2014

1 hour 45 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

Additional Materials: Calculator Protractor Ruler

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions, one from each section.

The Insert contains Fig. 2 for Question 1, Photographs A and B for Question 2, and Photographs C, D, E and F for Question 3.The Insert is not required by the Examiner.Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

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Section A

Answer one question from this section.

QUESTION 1

1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about the percentage of the GDP of selected African countries earned from remittances (money sent home by international migrants) in 2010.

Senegal7.6% GDP($0.6)

Mauritius3.3% GDP($0.2)

GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is a measure of wealth.

0 1000

km

2000

Uganda5.5% GDP($0.5)

Kenya2.7% GDP($0.5)

South Africa0.2% GDP($0.7)

Key

($3.3) total amount of remittances (in billion $US)

1.2% GDP percentage of GDP earned from remittances.

Lesotho22.5% GDP

($0.3)

IvoryCoast

1.2% GDP($0.2)

Nigeria3.4% GDP($3.3)

N

Sudan3.7% GDP($1.0)

Ethiopia1.2% GDP($1.7)

Fig. 1

(i) What is meant by the term international migrant ?

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(ii) Identify the country shown on Fig. 1:

where remittances form the largest percentage of the GDP;

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which receives the largest total amount of remittances.

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(iii) Explain how remittance money sent home by international migrants may benefit people in the country from which they have migrated.

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(iv) Suggest what problems may be caused in countries from which large numbers of people migrate.

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(b) Study Fig. 2 (Insert), which shows the main migration routes from Africa to Europe.

(i) Using the information in Fig. 2 only, describe one possible route of a migrant from Cameroon to Spain.

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(ii) Suggest problems which may be faced by migrants who are living in MEDCs such as Spain.

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(c) For a named area you have studied, explain why it has a low population density.

Name of area ...................................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 1

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QUESTION 2

2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows Luzon, the main island of the Philippines (LEDC).

A

A

Key

land over 200 m

N

0 50 100

km

150

railway

LUZON

airport

Philippine Sea

South China Sea

capital city(population 12 million)

other large towns/cities(population 100 000 – 1 million)

most densely populatedarea

Tarlac

Lagawe

Batangas

Quezon Valenzuela

Trece MartiresTagaytay

MANILA

Balanga

Fig. 3

(i) Name the capital city of the Philippines.

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(ii) Using Fig. 3, give two pieces of evidence which suggest that the most densely populated area in Luzon has the most services.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

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2 .......................................................................................................................................

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(iii) Explain why large numbers of people live in squatter settlements in cities in LEDCs.

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(iv) Describe four ways to improve the housing in squatter settlements.

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(b) Study Photographs A and B (Insert), which were taken in Maseru, the capital city of Lesotho, an LEDC in Africa.

(i) Give three pieces of evidence from Photograph A that the area is part of the CBD.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Photograph B shows a large shopping mall outside the CBD. Suggest reasons why the mall was located outside the CBD of Maseru rather than in it.

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(c) For a named example of a settlement you have studied, identify its main function and explain the reasons for its growth.

Name of settlement ...................................................................

Main function ............................................................................................................................

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END OF QUESTION 2

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Section B


QUESTION 3

3 (a) Study Photographs C, D, E and F (Insert), which show coastal landforms.

(i) Which photograph shows a feature which is formed by wind deposition?

Photograph ................................ [1]

(ii) Match the photographs with the correct landforms by using arrows. The first one has been done for you.

Photograph C Cliff

Photograph D Natural arch

Photograph E Sand dunes

Photograph F Stack[2]

(iii) Describe the conditions required for the formation of coastal sand dunes.

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(iv) Explain how a natural arch is formed.

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(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows an area of coastline before and after a storm.

lighthouse

sea beach

sea

0 200

metres

400lighthouse

After the storm

Before the storm

loose rock

loose rock

cliff

cliff

125

100

75

50

25

0

125

100

75

met

res

met

res

50

25

0

Fig. 4

(i) Using evidence from Fig. 4 only, describe three effects of the storm.

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Explain how erosion by the sea may cause problems for people living in coastal areas.

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(c) Explain the formation of a sand spit. Include a fully labelled diagram(s).

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 3

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QUESTION 4

4 (a) Study Fig. 5, climate graphs for areas W, X, Y and Z.

40

30

20

tem

pera

ture

(°C

)te

mpe

ratu

re(°

C)

10

0

annual precipitation700 mm

Area W

−10

−20

−30

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0J F M A M J J A S O N D

30

20 precipitation(m

m)

precipitation(m

m)

tem

pera

ture

(°C

)te

mpe

ratu

re(°

C)

precipitation(m

m)

precipitation(m

m)

10

0


Area Y

−10

−20

−30

600

500

400

300

200

100


40

30

20

10

0

annual precipitationless than 20 mm

Area X

−10

−20

−30

700

600

500

400

300

200

100



30

20

10

0


Area Z

−10

−20

−30

600

500

400

300

200

100



Fig. 5

(i) Which area has the smallest annual temperature range?

Area .................... [1]

(ii) Identify the graph which shows the climate of an area of:

Tropical rainforest; .........................................

Tropical desert. ......................................... [2]

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(iii) Explain why tropical deserts have high daytime temperatures and low temperatures at night.

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(iv) Describe the processes which result in heavy convectional rainfall in tropical rainforests.

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(b) Study Fig. 6, which shows the percentage forest cover in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) in 1985 and 2000.

100

90

80

70

60

50percentageforest cover

1985year

Key

Forest cover by province in Kalimantan(Indonesian Borneo)

2000

40

30

20

10

0

Western Kalimantan

Central Kalimantan

Southern KalimantanEastern Kalimantan

Fig. 6

(i) Using evidence from Fig. 6 only, describe the impacts of deforestation in Kalimantan. Include statistics in your answer.

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(ii) Explain why deforestation has taken place in many areas of tropical rainforest.

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(c) For a named area you have studied, describe the impacts of large scale deforestation of tropical rainforests on the local people and local natural environment.

Name of area ...................................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]END OF QUESTION 4

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Section C


QUESTION 5

5 (a) Study Fig. 7, which shows information about the percentage of the population which has access to a clean water supply and improved sanitation in Africa.

Key

0% – 25%

Improved sanitation

N

Water supply

0 2000

Zambia

percentage of population with access to clean water/ improved sanitation

Nigeria

Mali

Egypt

South Africa

km 26% – 50%51% – 75%76% – 90%91% – 100%

missing data

Fig. 7

(i) Circle the country in the following list which has the best access to both clean water and improved sanitation.

Egypt Mali South Africa Zambia [1]

(ii) Complete Fig. 7 by using the following information:

54% of the population of Nigeria has access to clean water;

35% of the population of Nigeria has access to improved sanitation. [2]

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(iii) Explain how sanitation can be improved in an LEDC.

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(iv) Describe four different ways in which water supplies can be increased in a country.

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(b) Study Fig. 8, which shows changes to Lake Chad, in Africa, between 1963 and 2001.

Key

water

former outline of the lake

vegetation

international boundary

N

0 100

Chad

Nigeria

Chad

Nigeria

50

km

1963 2001

Niger Niger

CameroonCameroon

Fig. 8

(i) Using evidence from Fig. 8 only, describe the changes which took place to Lake Chad between 1963 and 2001.

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(ii) Suggest the likely impacts of the changes to Lake Chad on local people.

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(c) For a named country or area you have studied, identify a form of energy which is used. Describe how its use threatens the natural environment.

Name of country or area ...................................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]END OF QUESTION 5

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QUESTION 6

6 (a) Study Fig. 9, which shows the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per person and the percentage of the GDP that comes from agriculture for selected countries. GDP is a measure of wealth.

0 5

2000

4000

6000

8000GDPper person

(US$)

10 000

12 000

14 000

010 15

percentage of GDP that comes from agriculture

20 25 30

Bulgaria

Brazil

China

AngolaParaguay

BangladeshIvory CoastCambodia

Fig. 9

(i) On Fig. 9, mark and label a cross to show India using the following information:

GDP per person US$4000

percentage of GDP that comes from agriculture 17% [1]

(ii) Using Fig. 9 only, state the general relationship between GDP per person and the percentage of the GDP that comes from agriculture. Support your answer with statistics.

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...................................................................................................................................... [2] (iii) Explain why many people in LEDCs are subsistence farmers.

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(iv) Explain how commercial farmers in MEDCs are able to produce high yields per hectare.

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(b) Study Fig. 10, which shows some of the causes of soil erosion.

LOWER RAINFALL

INCREASEDDEMAND FORFIREWOOD

DEFORESTATION

OVERGRAZING

MARGINAL LANDCULTIVATED

FEWER TREES ANDPLANTS

INCREASEDEVAPORATION FROMTHE SOIL

SOIL BLOWN AWAYBY WIND

SOIL EROSION

INCREASEDDEMAND FORFOOD

INCREASEDPOPULATIONGROWTH

Fig. 10

(i) Using Fig. 10 only, explain how human actions can cause soil erosion.

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(ii) Explain how farmers can prevent soil erosion and maintain soil quality.

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(c) For a named area you have studied, identify the type of farming which takes place and explain why the land is used in this way.

Name of area ...................................................................

Type of farming .........................................................................................................................

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[Total: 25 marks]

END OF QUESTION 6

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Additional Page

If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.

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Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 1 Figs 1 & 2Question 2 Photographs A & BQuestion 3 Photographs C, D, E & FQuestion 3 Fig. 4Question 4 Fig. 5Question 4 Fig. 6Question 5 Fig. 7Question 5 Fig. 8

© http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6228236.stmS. Sibley © UCLES.S. Sibley © UCLES.© Ann Bowen & John Pallister; Revise for Geography GCSE: Syllabus A; Heinemann; 1999; 043510117X.© K. Brooks; Physical Geography: Process and System; Hodder Arnold H&S; 1985; 034035951X.© http://www.mongabay.com/borneo.html© WHO and UNICEF 2000.© GRID-Arendal; http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/africa/page/3115.aspx

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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