cambridge igcse physics (0625) - total igcse revision
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Cambridge IGCSE® Physics (0625)
Copyright © UCLES 2017
Light1 2 Energy3
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Unit links
Unit links
Mechanics 14 Electromagnetism5 Electricity 26
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Thermal physics7 Mechanics 28 Waves9
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Atomic physics10 Electronics11
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Unit links
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
Highlighted numbers in ‘unit links’ boxes indicate significant links between the different units.
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
a b
Electricity 1
V
VV V
9 V
4.5 V 4.5 V
9 V
9 V
resistor
V
A
P = IVE = IVt
R = V/I
OIL
COAL
GAS
13:03
speed = distance ÷ time
Time (s)
Dis
tanc
e (m
)
GRADIENT = SPEED
1.23
S N
N S N S
N S
N S
N S
++
+–––
repel
repel
attract
5 A
A1 A2
SERIES
A1
A2
tem
pera
ture
time
melting
boiling
E = mc∆T1 m 1 m
10 N 10 N
W = fd p = f/a
power = work ÷ time
radio
microwave
infra-red
visible
ultraviolet
X-ray
gamma
wavelengtham
plitu
de
αβγ XA
Z WA–4Z–2 + α4
2
XAZ YA
Z+1 + β0–1
thermistor
LDR
analogue signal
digital signal
AB OR Q
AB AND Q
AB
NOR Q
PARALLEL
ROYGBIV
A
9 V
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1 Light
real image
virtual image
Dispersion of light3.2.4
Thin converging lens3.2.3
Refraction of light3.2.2
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Reflection of light3.2.1
a b
angle a = angle bangle of incidence = angle of reflection
AMBULANCE
AMBULANCE
GLASS BLOCK
incident ray
total internal reflection
Refr
acti
on
Total internal reflection
Lenses and prisms
Refraction refracted ray
refracts back to original direction
WHITE LIGHT
MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT
ROYGBIV
2 Electricity 1
Current4.2.2 Electromotive force4.2.3
Potential difference4.2.4 Resistance4.2.5
Electrical working4.2.6
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Aammeter
electrons
current
– – – – –
I = Q/t
electromotive force
1.5 V
4.5 V
voltmeter
V
1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb
V
VV V
9 V
4.5 V
9 V
9 V
resistor
V
R = V/I– – – – – –
thin wire thick wire
high R low R
surroundings
A
P = IVE = IVt
Voltage and current
Calculating resistance
Vol
tage
, ene
rgy
and
char
ge
Resi
stan
ce
Pow
er a
nd e
nerg
y
Pow
er a
nd re
sist
ance
PIPE SIZE(R)
PUMP(V)
FLOW RATE (I)
9 V
3 Energy
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Energy
Energy1.7.1 Energy resources1.7.2
Conduction2.3.1 Convection2.3.2
Radiation2.3.3 Consequences of energy transfer2.3.4
kinetic
chemical
gravitational
nuclear
elastic
internal
TRANSFERS
heating
mechanical
electricity
waves
HYDROELECTRICAND TIDAL
OIL
COAL
GAS
vibrations increase when atoms are heated
vibrations spread through the material
HOT
less dense
COLD
more dense
infra-red radiation
no mediumrequired
absorption
emission
good bad
good bad
vacuum flask
refrigerator
Hea
t tr
ansf
er
4 Mechanics 1
Density1.4
Mass and weight1.3
Motion1.2
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Length and time1.1
Mea
suri
ng v
olum
e
Distance, speed and time
Mass and density
Braking distances
13:03
Time (s)S
peed
(m/s
)
AREA = DISTANCE
speed = distance ÷ time
GRADIENT = ACCELERATION
Time (s)
Dis
tanc
e (m
)
GRADIENT = SPEED
MASS: 75 kg
WEIGHT: 735 N
MASS: 75 kg
WEIGHT: 122 N
MASS: 75 kg
WEIGHT: 277 NW = mg
1.23
displacement beaker
h
d
w
ρ = mV
1 g/cm3
WATER
N
5 Electromagnetism
S N
N S
S N
S N
Force on a current-carrying conductor4.6.5
Transformer4.6.3
Electromagnetic induction4.6.1Simple phenomena of magnetism4.1
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A.C. generator4.6.2
The magnetic effect of a current4.6.4
D.C. motor4.6.6
N S N S
N S
S N
N
S
N S
Fleming’s right-hand rule
mov
emen
t
magnetic field
curre
nt
N S
Asimple A.C.
generator
pote
ntia
l diff
eren
ce
time
step-up transformer step-down transformer
N S
solenoid
current
magneticfield
Fleming’s left-hand rule
forc
e magnetic field
current
FORCE
force on a wire
N Sincreasing torque
increase coils
increase current
increase magnetic field
A
NS
Magnets and current
Elec
trom
agne
ts
Elec
tric
ity
supp
ly
Current and magnetsCurrent and magnets
S
6 Electricity 2
Dangers of electricity4.5
Series and parallel circuits4.3.2
Circuit diagrams4.3.1
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Electric charge4.2.1
Dan
gers
of e
lect
rici
ty
Charge and circuits
Fuses and circuits
Circuit components
++
+–––
REPEL
REPEL
ATTRACT+
+
+
+
–
–
–
–
++
+
+
–
cell lamp resistor
thermistor LDR variable resistor
voltmeter ammeter galvanometer
V A G
relay
LED bell
A1 A2A total current = A1 = A2
SERIES PARALLELA1 + A2 = A
A1
A2
5 A
A
7 Thermal physics
Measurement of temperature2.2.2
Pressure changes2.1.4
Molecular model2.1.2States of matter2.1.1
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Evaporation2.1.3
Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases2.2.1
Thermal capacity (heat capacity)2.2.3 Melting and boiling2.2.4
solid liquid gassolid liquid gas
compressible
flows
compressible
flows flows
compressibleBrownian motion
temperature
draught
surface area
FACTORS
thermal expansion on
heating
V
METAL A
METAL B
thermocouple thermometer
temperature and internal
energy
E = mc∆T
energy (J)
mass (kg)
specific thermal capacity (J/kg˚C)
change in temperature (˚C)
E
m
c
∆T
tem
pera
ture
time
melting
boiling
latent heat of fusion
latent heat of vaporisation
1 kg
1 kg
Explaining properties
Com
pres
sing
gas
es
Pres
sure
Evap
orat
ion
and
boili
ng
Mea
suri
ng te
mpe
ratu
re c
hang
es
Mea
suri
ng te
mpe
ratu
re c
hang
es
Part
icle
exp
lana
tion
s
pV = constantfor a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature
8 Mechanics 2
Pressure1.8
Power1.7.4
Scalars and vectors1.5.5 Momentum1.6
Work1.7.3
Centre of mass1.5.4
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Effects of forces1.5.1 Turning effect1.5.2
Conditions for equilibrium1.5.3
F = kxresultant
balanced – constant speed
unbalanced – accelerating
moment
force × distance
newtons metres
1 m 1 m
10 N 5 N
1 m 1 m
10 N 10 N
10 N 10 N
balanced forces
vectorscalar
timevolumespeed
accelerationvelocity
force
v
v
m m
m m
p = mv
N
N
m
W = fd
fd = ∆Epower = change in energy ÷ time
pressure
p = f/ahigh pressure
low pressurelarge forcelarge area
large forcesmall area
Forces
Work and power
Balanced forces
Forc
es a
nd m
ass
Velocity13:03
P = ∆E/t
p = hρg
9 Waves
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3.1 General wave properties
Electromagnetic spectrum
Sound
Spee
d of
sou
nd v
s. li
ght
Wav
elen
gth
Freq
uenc
y an
d am
plit
ude,
and
wav
e re
flec
tion
3.3
3.4
wavelength
ampl
itude
radio
microwave
infra-red
visible
ultraviolet
X-ray
gamma
small amplitude
large amplitude
343 m/s
20 Hz to20000 Hz
n = fλ
10 Atomic physics
Atomic model5.1.1
Half-life5.2.4
Characteristics of the three kinds of emission5.2.2Detection of radioactivity5.2.1
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Radioactive decay5.2.3
Safety precautions5.2.5
Nucleus5.1.2
background radiation
radon gas
food and drink
cosmicrays
artificialsources
buildings and the ground
αalpha beta gamma
β γionisation
penetration
αβγ
XAZ WA–4
Z–2 + α42
XAZ YA
Z+1 + β0–1
nuclear equations
activ
itytime
t1/2 t1/2 t1/2
half-life
10 g
5g
CAUTIONIONISING
RADIATION
time distance shielding
α +
+
+proton
neutron
electron
Li7
3
nucleon number
proton number
element symbol
1H
2H
Radiation
Radioactive decay
Type
s of
em
issi
on a
nd d
ange
rs
Type
s of
em
issi
on a
nd d
ange
rs
Nuc
lear
equ
atio
ns
Nuc
lear
par
ticl
es
11 Electronics
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4.3.3 Action and use of circuit components
4.4 Digital electronics
Sim
ple
digi
tal c
ircu
its
analogue signal
digital signal
AB OR Q A NOT Q
AB AND Q
AB OR QNAND
AB
NOR Q LOGIC GATES
R1
R2 VOUT
VIN
VOUT = R2R1 + R2 × VIN
thermistor
LDR
relay
LED