cambridge igcse biology (0610) - total igcse revision · 2020. 4. 28. · 3.1 diffusion 3.3 active...
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Cambridge IGCSE® Biology (0610)
Cells and cell processes1 2 Plant nutrition and transport3
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
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Respiration and the human transport system4 Coordination, response
and homeostasis5 Reproduction6
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Human reproduction7 Inheritance and evolution8 Organisms and environment9
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Human influences on the environment10
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1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Highlighted numbers in the ‘unit links’ boxes indicate significant links between the different units.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Animal nutrition
H2O
CO2
O2
ARTERIES
VEINSBLOODSUGAR
PANCREAS
INSULIN
BLOODSTREAM
A C G T
T G C A
A aAa
AA AaAa aa
CO2
CO2
CO2 CH4
climate change
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
chromosomes
OESTROGEN
ovaries
TESTOSTERONE
testes
rice
GLUCOSE
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fungus
1 Cells and cell processes
surface area
Size of specimens2.3
Dichotomous keys1.4
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Cell structure and organisation2.1
Diffusion3.1
Active transport3.3
Characteristics of living organisms1.1 Concept and use of a classification system1.2
Features of organisms1.3
Osmosis3.2
Levels of organisation2.2
Enzymes5.1
M R S
G R E N
MOVEMENT RESPIRATIONSENSITIVITY GROWTH
REPRODUCTIONEXCRETIONNUTRITION
Corvus brachyrhynchos
genus
species
Corvus
plant animal prokaryote protoctist
flowers
no
yespointed petals
yespetal colour blue
no yes
no
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
CELL MEMBRANE
CELL WALL
CHLOROPLASTS
VACUOLE
specialised cells
magnification = size of image
actual size of objecttemperature
concentration gradient
C̊
TURGID FLACCIDENERGY
AGAINST CONCENTRATION
GRADIENT
ION
ION
complementary shape
Cla
ssifi
cati
onC
ell t
rans
port
pro
cess
es a
nd re
acti
ons
Cell features
Cel
ls a
nd t
issu
es
H2O H2O
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
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2 Animal nutrition
Mechanical digestion7.3
Biological molecules4.1 Diet7.1
Alimentary canal7.2
Chemical digestion7.4 Absorption7.5
Balanced diet
Che
mic
al d
iges
tion
Brea
kdow
n of
larg
e m
olec
ules
Mechanical digestion
Enzy
mat
ic b
reak
dow
n
Absorption in the intestines
Suga
rs a
nd to
oth
deca
y
Nutrient absorption
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS
PROTEINS
C H O N
C H O N
C H O N
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS
PROTEINS
VITAMIN C
VITAMIN D
MINERALS
FIBRE
WATER
ingestionmechanical and
chemical digestion absorption incisors canines premolars molars
STARCH
FAT
PROTEIN
AMYLASE
LIPASE
PROTEASE
PEPSIN TRYPSIN
villus
assimilation
rice
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3 Plant nutrition and transport
Leaf structure6.2Photosynthesis6.1
Mineral requirements6.3
Transpiration8.3
Translocation8.4
Water uptake8.2
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Transport in plants8.1
CO2
I2
Mg magnesium
NO3– nitrate
amino acids
chlorophyll
XYLEM PHLOEM
H2O NO3–
H2OH2O H2O H2O
SOURCE SINK
Mineral transport
Water transport
PhotosynthesisC
hlor
ophy
ll
Xyl
em/p
hloe
m
Xylem and water transport
Water transport
Wat
er lo
ss
Nut
rien
t tr
ansp
ort
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
SUCROSE
AMINO ACIDS
AMINO ACIDS
SUCROSE
4 Respiration and the human transport system
Respiration12.1
Diseases and immunity10.1
Blood9.4
Heart9.2Transport in animals9.1
Gas exchange in humans11.1
Aerobic respiration12.2
Anaerobic respiration12.3
Blood and lymphatic vessels9.3
ENERGY musclecontraction
celldivision
bodytemperature
nerveimpulses C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2
+ 6H2O
YEAST
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
glucose lactic acidO2WITHOUTOXYGEN
O2 CO2
CO2
O2
HEART
BODY LUNGS BODYHEART
Heart disease risk factorsARTERIES
VEINSSMOKING
GENETIC
DIET
STRESS
AGE
VEIN
CAPILLARY RED BLOOD CELLS PLATELETS AND PLASMA WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PATHOGENS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
ANTIGEN
antibody
Respiration
Gases and respirationC
ircu
lati
on a
nd b
lood
Resp
irat
ion
Gas
es a
nd re
spir
atio
n
Gas
tra
nspo
rt
White blood cellsLymphatic system
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide
INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
phagocyte
lymphocyte
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
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in muscles
lymph nodes
lymphatic vessels
ARTERY
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5 Coordination, response and homeostasis
Excretion in humans13.1
Misused drugs15.3
Drugs15.1Homeostasis14.4
Tropic responses14.5
Sense organs14.2Nervous control in humans14.1
Hormones14.3
INSULINpancreas
TESTOSTERONEtestes
ADRENALINEadrenal gland
OESTROGENovaries
PANCREAS
INSULIN
Medicinal drugs15.2
resistance
CO2
UREA
Nervous transmission
HormonesIn
sulin
Dru
gs a
nd s
ynap
ses
Hor
mon
es in
spo
rts
dopi
ng
Hom
eost
asis
Drug excretion Drug excretion
bloodstream
hormone auxin
LIGHT
BLOODSTREAM
BLOODSUGAR
steroids
glucose
6 Reproduction
Sexual reproduction in plants16.3
Meiosis17.4Sexual reproduction16.2
Asexual reproduction16.1 Mitosis17.3
Plan
t re
prod
ucti
onC
ell r
epro
duct
ion
Cell division and growth
Sexu
al re
prod
ucti
on in
pla
nts
Type
s of
repr
oduc
tion
parent cell single parent cell
identical DNA
DNA replication
Stage 1
mitosis
identical
23 chromosomes 46 chromosomes diploid
PARENT CELL
haploid
DAUGHTER CELLS
stigma
anther
Asexual reproduction
Production of gametes
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Stage 2
pollination
GAMETES FERTILISED EGG
OESTROGENovaries
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7 Human reproduction
Sexual reproduction in humans16.4
Sex hormones in humans16.5
Methods of birth control in humans16.6
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)16.7
HIV AIDS
STIs
The menstrual cycle
Birt
h co
ntro
l
Fert
ility
tre
atm
ents
Chemical contraception
Sexually transmitted infections
Preventing STIs
GAMETES
TESTOSTERONEtestes
STOPNATURAL
CHEMICAL
BARRIER
SURGICAL
8 Inheritance and evolution
Inheritance17.1
Genetic engineering20.3
Biotechnology20.2
Selection18.3Adaptive features18.2
Variation18.1
Chromosomes, genes and proteins17.2
Monohybrid inheritance17.5
Biotechnology and genetic engineering20.1
DNA and genes
cell DNA
chromosome gene
A C G T T A
T G C A A T
Natural selection
Gen
etic
eng
inee
ring
Genetic variation
Inhe
rita
nce
Gen
etic
eng
inee
ring
Var
iati
on
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parents
offspringprotein
mRNA
A aAa
AA AaAa aa
A B AB O
increase rate of mutation
HbA
HbS
SICKLE CELL
20min
20min
20min
milk
penicillin
continuous variation
SUN
9 Organisms and environment
19.1 Energy flow
Food chains and food webs
Nutrient cycles
Nut
rien
t cy
cles
and
food
cha
ins
Ener
gy fl
ow in
food
cha
ins
Resp
irat
ion
and
ener
gy
19.2
19.3
body processes and heat
chemical energylight
principalenergy input
carbon cycle water cycle nitrogen cycle
CO2 N2
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PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS
producer
consumer consumer
consumer consumer
consumer
TROPHICLEVELS
producers
tertiary consumers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
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10 Human influences on the environment
Conservation21.4
Pollution21.3Habitat destruction21.2
Population size19.4 Food supply21.1
Redu
cing
pol
luti
on a
nd e
mis
sion
sA
gric
ultu
ral p
ollu
tion
Food demands
Hum
an e
ffec
ts o
n th
e en
viro
nmen
t
N
P
K
CO2
CO2 CH4
climate change
OIL
COAL GAS
Con
serv
atio
n of
hab
itat
sH
ousi
ng
food supply
predation
disease
community
ecosystem
exponential
NITRATES
eutrophication of water