cambridge engineering design centre

CambridgeEngineering Design CentreAn effective design system lies at the heart of all successful enterprises. Design

h l d dprocesses shape not only products and services, but also businesses, educational institutions and entire societies.

© 2016 Cambridge Engineering Design Cent

Professor P John Clarkson FREng

Cambridge Engineering Design CentreDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeTrumpington StreetCambridge CB2 1PZUnited Kingdom

E‐mail: edc‐[email protected]: www‐edc.eng.cam.ac.ukWeb: www edc.eng.cam.ac.uk

All rights reserved. No part of this publicatioor stored by any electronic medium withoutholders (except in accordance with the provholders (except in accordance with the provAct 1988). Applications for the copyright holpart of this publication should be addressed

ISBN 978‐0‐9564691‐4‐4ISBN 978 0 9564691 4 4Engineering Design Centre, University of Cam

ii

tre

on may be reproduced in any material form, t the prior written consent of the copyright visions of the Copyright Designs and Patentsvisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents lders’ written permission to reproduce any to the publishers.

mbridge, UK

Foreword

Preface

A simple history

The design process

Research groups

Practical impact

M b d tMembers and supporte

Contents

v

vii

1

11

23

51

79ers 79

iii

Good design is fundamand improvements in pjust as vital for the heajust as vital for the headevelopments in techn

The Cambridge Enginedelivers practical toolsdelivers practical tools industry, based on rigodeep understanding of

Geoff Kirk, former Chi

Foreword

mental to product success people and processes are alth of a business asalth of a business as nology.

ering Design Centre and methods toand methods to

orous research and a f engineering design.ief Design Engineer, Rolls‐Royce, 2016

v

For more than twenty‐fEngineering Design Cenfundamental and applifundamental and appliknowledge that improv

This book provides an diversity of people, actdiversity of people, actthat have contributed sendeavour.

Preface

five years the Cambridge ntre has undertaken ied research to generateied research to generate ves the design process.

introduction to the tivities and collaboratorstivities and collaborators so effectively to this

John Clarkson, 2016

vii

CambridgeEngineering Design Centre

A simple history

1

Th U i i f CThe University of Caworld’s oldest univeacademic centres, foscholars taking refugscholars taking refugmen in Oxford migra

University of Cambridge

b id i f hmbridge is one of the rsities and leading ounded in 1209 when ge from hostile towns‐ge from hostile townsated to Cambridge.

3

Addressing the world’s most

1209 University of Cambridg

1440 Gutenberg printing pre

1642 Pascal mechanical calc1642 Pascal mechanical calc

1875 Department of Engine

1991 Engineering Design Ce1937 Frank Whittle jet engin1991 Engineering Design Ce2009 University celebrates 8

4

pressing problems

ge

ess

culatorculator

eering

entrene 800+entre800 years 800+

Th D f EThe Department of Elargest department ihousing nearly 200 fresearch staff, 900 reresearch staff, 900 re1200 undergraduate

Department of Engineering

E i i i hEngineering is the in the University, faculty, 300 contract esearch students andesearch students and es of all disciplines.

5

Th E i i DThe Engineering Desfounded in 1991 by Ashby and Newland to create understandto create understandthat would improve

Engineering Design Centre

i C (EDC)sign Centre (EDC) was Professors Wallace, to undertake research ding, methods and toolsding, methods and tools the design process.

7

Improving the Design Process

1991 Engineering Design Ce

1993 Housed in lower draw

1998 University Technology

2001 Integrated Manufactu

2006 Relocation to EDC Loft

2011 Opening of Ashby Labo

2016 EDC celebrates 25 yea

8

s

entre

ing office

Partnership

ring Research Centre

t

oratory

25+rs 25+

Academic Staff (discipf h l kProfessor John Clarkso

Mr Aylmer Johnson (mDr Geoff Parks (nucleaD J M lt i (Dr James Moultrie (maDr Digby Symons (mecDr Jerome Jarrett (aeroDr Nathan Crilly (produDr Nathan Crilly (produDr Per Ola KristenssonProfessor Steve Evans (Professor Emeritus KenProfessor Emeritus KenProfessor Emeritus MicProfessor Emeritus Dav

Engineering Design Centre

line)( )n (systems)

mechanisms)r)

f t i )anufacturing)hanics)ospace)uct)uct)(interaction)(sustainability)n Wallace (mechanics)n Wallace (mechanics)chael Ashby (materials)vid Newland (mechanics)

9


The design process

11

Dictionary Definitions

design n The art of drdesign, n. The art of drthe process, practice, oplanning, or constructaccording to aesthetic criteria.

12

rawing or sketching;rawing or sketching; or art of devising, ing something or functional

Oxford English Dictionary

process n A continuprocess, n. A continuaction or successionperformed in a defina particular result oroperation or series o

Design Process

uous and regularuous and regular of actions occurring or

nite manner, and having r outcome, a sustained of operations.

Oxford English Dictionary

13

The Design Squiggle

14

The process of desigThe process of desigheight. My father toprocess started withto the concept and tdesign.

Damian N

Design Process

gn from a greatgn from a great ld me that the design h the abstract, moved then finally the

Newman, Central Office of Design

15

The Double Diamond

Discover Define

16

Develop Deliver

Every design specialEvery design specialapproach and ways oare some commona… a number of possbefore narrowing do

Design Process

ism has a differentism has a different of working, but there lities … sible ideas are created own to the best idea.

The Design Council

17

The Design Spiral

18

At each spoke in theAt each spoke in theinformation is createengineering calculatproceeds around thethe design is finished

E

Design Process

e spiral a little bit ofe spiral, a little bit of ed, details drawn, tions done. Work e design spiral until d.Eric W. Sponberg, Naval Architect

19

The Design Cycle

acceptaccept

rework

test

bui

20

analysis

design

test design

ild

Engineering design iEngineering design iintelligent generatiospecifications for artand functions achievand satisfy specified

Design Process

s the systematics the systematic, on and evaluation of tefacts whose form ve stated objectives constraints.Clive Dym, Harvey Mudd College

21


Research groups

23

Kno

The Knowledge Managemrole of engineering knowledesign rationale within evdesign rationale, within ev

• by embedding methoddesign rationale into d

b d l i• by developing approplong‐term storage of d

• by understanding howdesign rationale impadesign rationale impa

owledge Management GroupA l J hAylmer Johnson

ent Group researches the edge, and in particular ver‐changing organisations:ver changing organisations:

ds for the capture of design practice;

i t t h i f thpriate techniques for the design rationale;

w the timely retrieval of cts design practicects design practice.

25

C

The Computational Designpotential of computationaoptimisation and analysisoptimisation and analysis

• by applying simulatedalgorithms to difficult

b d l i lti• by developing multi‐omethods to support e

• by investigating the annuclear reactor systemnuclear reactor system

Computational Design GroupG ff P kGeoff Parks

n Group researches the al synthesis, search, tools to support design:tools to support design:

d annealing and genetic real‐world problems;

bj ti ti i tiobjective optimisation engineering design;

nalysis and design of msms.

27

The Process Management the role and nature of prosuccessful delivery of newsuccessful delivery of new

• by generating a greatenature and demands o

b h ll i t• by challenging currentrisk management in co

• by developing novel aimprovement toolsimprovement tools.

Process Management GroupJ h Cl kJohn Clarkson

Group researches cess modelling in the

w products and services:w products and services:

er understanding of the of complex system design;

t l i ti dt planning practice and omplex system design;

nd useful design process

29

The Healthcare Design Grosystems thinking in the UKto deliver safe effective anto deliver safe, effective an

• by developing new mofor healthcare practiti

b d li i f• by delivering a framewmanagement into the

• by establishing a centresearch in the UKresearch in the UK.

Healthcare Design GroupJ h Cl kJohn Clarkson

oup researches the role of K Health Service as a means nd affordable care:nd affordable care:

odels of innovation practice ioners and providers;

k d t l f f twork and tools for safety e UK Health Service;

re for quality and safety

31

The Inclusive Design Groubetween the demands proand the diverse range of cand the diverse range of c

• by understanding the in product and service

b d l i d l• by developing modelsdesign and retail profe

• by embedding good dand retail communityand retail community.

Inclusive Design GroupJ h Cl kJohn Clarkson

p researches the interplay oducts make of their users apabilities of those users:apabilities of those users:

impact of user diversity e interaction;

f d d i ti fs of good design practice for essionals;

esign practice in the design .

33

The Change Management impact of change propagamade up of components amade up of components, a

• by generating a betternature of change in co

b h ll i t• by challenging currentpractice in product an

• by developing novel amanagement toolsmanagement tools.

Change Management GroupJ h Cl kJohn Clarkson

Group researches the tion in complex systems activities or people:activities or people:

r understanding of the omplex systems;

t t f ht management of change nd service design;

nd useful design change

35

The Design Practice Groupbetween designers, artefapractices that impact onpractices that impact on

• the specification of ardesigners consider use

th i t ti b t• the interaction betweeusers consider designe

• the communication beand how artefacts meand how artefacts me

Design Practice GroupN th C illNathan Crilly

p researches the relationships cts and users by studying

rtefacts by designers and how ers in that process,

d t f t d hen users and artefacts, and how ers during those interactions, and

etween designers and users, ediate those communicationsediate those communications.

37

The Design Management Gof understanding and impdesign and new product ddesign and new product d

• in creating sustainableproducible new produ

i ti i t• in acting as an integraand users;

• in promoting the impoand national levelsand national levels.

Design Management GroupJ M lt iJames Moultrie

Group researches the role roving the ways in which evelopment are managed:evelopment are managed:

e, desirable, usable and ucts and services;

t b t t h lator between technology

ortance of design at firm

39

Intelligen

The Intelligent Interactive the role of design in the dethat amplify people’s abilitthat amplify people s abilit

• by extending our currecomputer interaction;

b d t di th• by understanding the inclusive design and a

• by utilising machine lehuman computation thuman‐computation t

nt Interactive Systems GroupP Ol K i tPer Ola Kristensson

Systems Group researches elivery of interactive systems ty:ty:

ent understanding of human‐;

i t f ibilitimportance of accessibility, augmentation;

earning, signal processing and to infer people’s actionsto infer people s actions.

41

The Aeronautical Design Gcomputational models in tinteractive technical systeminteractive technical system

• by developing high peoptimisation approach

b t d i th f• by studying the use ofdesign in aerospace sy

• by investigating the aecontrol bumps for swecontrol bumps for swe

Aeronautical Design GroupJ J ttJerome Jarrett

Group researches the role of the delivery of highly ms:ms:

erformance design hes;

f b t t ti lf robust computational ystems;

erodynamic design of shock ept transonic flowsept transonic flows.

43

In

The Industrial Sustainabilitindustry develops solutionsustainable future:sustainable future:

• by understanding metresource efficiency;

b d l i ff ti• by developing effectivtools;

• by challenging currentfor a restorative indusfor a restorative indus

dustrial Sustainability GroupSt ESteve Evans

ty Group researches how ns that move us towards a

thods to rapidly scale

b i d l d ive business model design

t trajectories and preparing strial futurestrial future.

45

The Automotive Design Grinteraction design in the dsophisticated vehicles:sophisticated vehicles:

• by modelling driver beof inclusive, user‐cent

b d i th i• by reducing the impacof interactive display d

• by investigating the chdemands on driver attdemands on driver att

Automotive Design GroupJ h Cl kJohn Clarkson

roup researches the role of delivery of increasingly

ehaviour to assist the design tred interfaces;

t f ib ti thct of vibration on the use devices;

hallenge of changing tentiontention.

47

The Product Design Groupof engineering science to cdesign problems:design problems:

• by developing relevanmodels to provide fun

b t l ti i• by translating engineedesign guidelines;

• by developing optimaprocess and sports indprocess and sports ind

Product Design GroupDi b SDigby Symons

p researches the application challenging mechanical

nt analytical numerical ndamental insights;

i i i ht i t ti lering insights into practical

l designs for the health, dustriesdustries.

49


Practical impact

51

Capture, storage and retrieva

52

al of Engineering knowledge

Kno

We used DRed in theWe used DRed in theQantas Flight 32 invepossible failure scencapture evidence frodata analysis.

Chief Engineer,

owledge Management Group

e first weeks of thee first weeks of the estigation to explore narios and to formally om hardware and

Rolls‐Royce Civil Aerospace, 2013

53

Integrated optimisation meth

54

hods and tools

C

Most large real‐worMost large, real worare inherently multidobjective. Thereforeaddress multi‐objectmultidisciplinary per

Computational Design Group

rld design problemsrld design problems disciplinary and multi‐e, it is valuable to tive problems from a rspective.

Geoff Parks, 2015

55

Improving design process per

56

rformance

As a research studenAs a research studeninspirational people questioning mind wipragmatism that I beout from other desig

Jamie

Process Management Group

nt I met soment I met some that combined a ith a healthy sense of elieve marks the EDC gn schools.e Hamilton, Monitor Group, 2012

57

Design for quality and safety

120 mm

Healthcare De

58

y

40 mm

90o

m

esign Toolkit

The EDC’s innovativeThe EDC s innovativeapproach provided ato look at the complmedical records andwelcomed at the ho

Glenn Pascoe, Cam

Healthcare Design Group

e and proactivee and proactive a clear framework exity of managing d has been widely spital.bridge University Hospitals, 2010

59

Countering design exclusion

60

Oval commissionedOval commissioned a User Study to validdesigns, enabling thunderstand the requlimitations of future

Mathew Young, Ova

Inclusive Design Group

the EDC to undertakethe EDC to undertake date its autoinjectorem Oval to better uirements and products.l Medical Technologies Ltd., 2010

61

Modelling change in product

62

ts

Laing O’Rourke are iLaing O Rourke are itechnologies and decreates a strong neemanaging the depenproducts and deliver

A

Change Management Group

nvesting in newnvesting in new esign methods. This ed for better ways of ndencies between ry processes.dam Locke, Laing O’Rourke, 2014

63

Relating designers, artefacts

64

and users

Research conductedResearch conductedpeople respond to prthroughout an amiciUnited States Court Apple versus Samsu

United States District C

Design Practice Group

d on the way in whichd on the way in which roduct design featured i curiae brief for the of Appeals case of ng Electronics.Court, Case No. 11‐CV‐1846, 2014

65

Managing design to create b

66

better products

A design audit tool tA design audit tool tmaturity of 25 key dcovering design execmanagement, has beinsights from literatu

Design Management Group

that assesses thethat assesses the esign activities, cution and design een created based on ure and real cases.

James Moultrie, 2004

67

Designing, building and study

68

ying interactive systems

Intelligen

This is one of the beThis is one of the beseen that demonstrascience, engineeringstudies can work togmachine and human

Bill

nt Interactive Systems Group

st examples I havest examples I have ates how design, g, and empirical gether on both the n sides of the equation.Buxton, Microsoft Research, 2014

69

Faster, cleaner safer flight

70

The design of complThe design of compla balance between toptimal configuratioof the detail. Carefuprocess can greatly r

Aeronautical Design Group

ex systems demandsex systems demands the selection of an on and the refinement l management of this reduce design time.

Jerome Jarrett, 2012

71

Creating a sustainable future

72

e

In

The Cambridge ValuThe Cambridge Valuadopts a multi‐stakesystematically analysvalue in a business astimulate innovation

dustrial Sustainability Group

e Mapping Toole Mapping Tool eholder perspective to se various forms of and its network to n for value creation.

Steve Evans, 2016

73

Driving new vehicle designs

74

Cars that can drive tCars that can drive tbe on public roads. Iunderstand how drivnew technology andthe driver‐automatio

Patrick

Automotive Design Group

hemselves will soonhemselves will soon t is imperative to vers will react to this d how best to design on interaction.Langdon and Mike Bradley, 2016

75

Innovative mechanical design

76

n

Questioning traditioQuestioning traditioboth at a hardware ahas lead to significanfor our track team. I into the Engineering

T

Product Design Group

n in design of systemsn in design of systems, and at a process level, nt performance gain bless the day I walked Department.

Tony Purnell, British Cycling, 2016

77


Members and supporters

79

People

Curt Abel Rabia Abid Luis Andrade Acosta Ali AhmAkinluyi Syed Bahauddin Alam Karen AlexandStephen Ashley Simon Atkinson Abraham AuduBahta Craig Bakker Marton Erno Balazcs Nigel BaP B i K hl B i k C l B i k PPeter Benie Kathleen Beniuk Carolyn Beniuk PraFrancesca Bolognini Rob Bracewell Mike BradleyNick Butterfield Nicholas Caldwell Alan Card CaCetin Amaresh Chakrabarti Marek Chalupnik Tinchailidou Chih‐Chun Chen Hilario Xin Chen WeClarkson Susannah Clarke David Coates David CAlison Cooke Katie Cornish Nathan Crilly ChristaDelamore Mark DeLessio Dana Demin Terry DickeJohn Drane John Dudley Srinivasan DwarakanathMohamed Hani El Reifi Nathan Eng Amal EsawiMohamed Hani El Reifi Nathan Eng Amal EsawiTomas Flanagan Andrew Flimthan Chen Fun FongGoldhaber Jimena Gomez Leo Goncalves AmGourtovaia Khadidja Grebici Pedro Pablo GuerrHajnassiri James Hamilton Bahram Hamraz QueH h d Ch H P H i i E HHassannezhad Chuan He Peter Heisig Eva HempeHorberry Ian Hosking Mari Huhtala Jorn HurtieIsgrove Evron Itzhak Jason Jacques Daniel JaeggTimothy Jarratt Jerome Jarrett Shelly Jeffcott ANatasha Jones Iestyn Jowers Gyuchan Thomas Ju

80

Keller Yolanda Kennish Warren Kerley Zeeshan KKim Peter King Toby King Timoleon Kipouros Geo

mad Naveed Ahmad Saeema Ahmed Emmanuelder Weam Aridi Labi Ariyo Michael AshbyMarco Aurisicchio Gokcen Aslan Aydemir Paulall Nick Ball Susan Ball Frank Bauert Chris Belldi Bi L i Bl i Th Bli hadipta Biswas Lucienne Blessing Thomas Blighy David Brandt Michael Brock Stuart Burgessarlos Cardoso Mark Carroll David Cebon Onurng‐Ray Chang Chris Charlton Mikela Chatzimi‐en‐Jen Chen Sean Cheng Wei‐Ying Chou Johnole Andy Collop Andy Connor Laurence CookCroghan Jürgen Daniel Alice Darbyshire Daviderson Ashley Dillon Hua Dong Robert DowlandJeremy Eastwood Claudia Eckert Kevin EdwardsFatimah Eskandarypur Roy Farmer Billy FittonFatimah Eskandarypur Roy Farmer Billy Fittong Tseng‐Ti Fu John Gatiss Tiziano Ghisu Tanyaanda Goodger Joy Goodman‐Deane Marinarero Vela Stephan Gulich Mattias Haag Saraentin Harmer Lee‐Anne Harrison MohammadS b Hi i h C li H B H Tie Saba Hinrichs Caroline Hogue Ben Hope Tim

nne Pete Husemeyer Windo Hutabarat Dougi Tabassum Jafri Santosh Jagtap Rusty JapikseAylmer Johnson Daniel Johnson Elina Jokisuun Julie Jupp Gulsum Kaya Simeon Keates ReneKhan Jonathan Khang Malia Kilpinen Sangheeoff Kirk Kevin Kitching Heather Klaubert

Katie Klavenes Edwin Koh Alexander KomashieMerih Kunur Patrick Langdon Valerio LattarulTim Lewis Guihua Li Hao Li Yan Li Ian LiddellLiu Jingseng Liu Jieling Long Peter Long AndreJ h M k Ri h dM h M L M kJonathan Mak Richard Marsh Mary LouMaskoWeil Chris Meadows Ana Medeiros AndréMieczakowski Hassan Mohamed David MooreZoe Morris Cecily Morrison Marie‐Lise MoullecNelson Maria Adriana Neroni David Nery DNidamarthi Mark Nowack Hatice Olmez PedParnaby Nina Patkai Jeff Patmore Umesh PeJonathan Rabone Nick Reddall Francisco del RRodgers Matt Rooney Kimon Roussopoulos KaiMark Saville Kayla Sax Christine Schneider KMark Saville Kayla Sax Christine Schneider KSellman Pranay Seshadri Daniel Shapiro KristinCan Emre Simsekler Pasu Sirisalee Ghadir SiyaAndy Smith Anita Friis Sommer Alex StarlingKevin Street Nick Studer Laura Sutcliffe DigbyT P Th G h Th ATaysom Peter Thomas Graham Thompson AnnaTöre‐Yargın Kien Trinh Nigel Upton Chris Vale LuSam Waller Hongwei Wang Xinyi Wang JameKaren Weimer David Wiggins Peter Wild ChBernd Wittner Patrick Wollner Eugene Woon DYang Na Yao Zhihui Yao Ivan Yates Teng Yi NZanker Shuai Zhang Xianzhang Zhao Beckett Zh

People

Thomas Kopsch Dani Kotlyar Per Ola Kristenssonlo Hoang Nam Le Samuel Lesley Meirion LewisYi‐shih Lin Ben Lindley Ying‐Chieh Liu Yuanyuan

ew Lovatt Melinda Lyons Anja Maier Jakob MaierT i M d P M h Ali M D llTariq Masood Peter Matthews Alison McDougall‐és Melo Katie Menzies Eleanor Merry Annae Arturo Molina‐Cristobal Massimiliano Molinaric James Moultrie Tim Murdoch Seena Nair Markavid Newland Wayne Ng Max Nicosia Srinivasdro A. Ortega Andrew Palmer Geoff Parks Johnrsad Wiktor Piotrowski Udo Pulm Tony PurnellRey Chamorro Elyssa Rider Paul Robertson PaulRuggeri Deepak Santhanakrishnan Ahmed SarhanKatrina Schoen David Seidel Keith Seffen EmilyKatrina Schoen David Seidel Keith Seffen Emilyna Shea Sandra Shefelbine Edward Shelton Mecitam Ben Skinner Lee Skrypchuk Jonathan SmithSteven Steer Adam Stevenson John StephensonSymons Ming Xi Tang Pablo Saiz Tarazona EloiseTh M k Th A Ti h Güla Thornton Mark Thornton Anne Ticehurst Gülşenuis Arthur Vasconcelos AnnaWalczyk KenWallaces Ward Paul Weaver Will Webster Ulrike Wegstris Wilkinson Suzanne Williams Elaine WilliamsDavid Wyatt David Wynn Miying Yang Zhongliang

81

Nurjuanis Zara Zainuddin Amani Zalzali Winfriedhou Daniel Zimarev Emilene Zitkus Andrade

Actano ABHI Adept Management AgensisAlexander Dennis Allen Crapper Associates AlmB/S/H/ BAE Systems Bayer BBC Beko BenBombardier BP Brain Injury HTC British AerospC l C b id D i P hi CConsultants Cambridge Design Partnership CHospitals Cambridgeshire and Peterborough CConverteam Daimler Dassault Systemes DeLaDBA Design Council Design Triangle DevicesDONG Energy Doosan Power Systems DSTLSport Ericsson EvoBus Ford Gambro GE GKNThomas’ Hartford Hospital HPFT Heathrow AImperial College Healthcare IMS Institute for DJaguar Land Rover James Roberts Design JCB JO'Rourke Lotus MAN Trucks Marks & SpeO Rourke Lotus MAN Trucks Marks & SpeMindTech HTC Ministry of Defence Morphy RicNHS England Midlands and East Nokia NordexNottingham University Hospitals Office for NuOwlstone Oxford Lasers PA Consulting GroupP ki E i P B A i PhiliPerkins Engines Peter Brett Associates PhilipsSystems RAND Europe RBS Reckitt BenckiseRomax Rockwell Royal Mail Sagentia SatoriusSmith & Nephew SEPT SP Tyres SPI Lasers SpStora Enso Tangerine Tata Team ConsultingBridge Transcendata Transport for London TrBiscuits US Navy Volvo Waitrose West Suffolk

Industry Collaborators

AgustaWestland Airbus Aker Solutions Akosmus Alstom ARM ARTTIC Arup Audi Autopolisntley Systems Bespak BioRobotics BMW BOCpace British Cycling BT Buro Happold CambridgeC b id Fl S l i C b id U i iCambridge Flow Solutions Cambridge UniversityCCG CPFT Carl Zeiss Caterpillar CfBI Cogentiaaval Department for Business Innovation & Skillss for Dignity DoD DoH Domino Don JohnstonEADS Electrolux Emporia English Institute for

N GPT Granta Design GSK G‐SCOP Guy’s and StAirport Help The Aged IBM IDEO ImagineeringDental Implants IET ILC Inventaid Islington CCGJohn Lewis JRF Knorr‐Bremse Kodak Koni Laingencer Marshall Group Midlands and East SCGencer Marshall Group Midlands and East SCGchards MSC Software NPSA Nestlé NHS EnglandNordson DAGE NSFT NEPFT Norton Healthcare

uclear Regulation Orthofix Oval Medical DevicesPanasonic Papworth Group Papworth HospitalP Offi P & G bl PASA Q illis Post Office Proctor & Gamble PASA Quillion

er Ricability Ricardo RNIB Roche Rolls‐RoyceScania Schaeffler Scope Shell Siemens SIMUL8

prout Design Spyder Engineering St Jude MedicalTesco Whittington Hospital Broadbent Tinsley

83

rimble Trox Trumpf TW Steel Unilever UnitedHospital

Belarusian State University Bond UniversityChalmers Tekniska Högskola Cranfield UniveUniversity École Polytechnique de MontréaImperial College London King’s College LonU i i L hb h U i i L l å UUniversity Loughborough University Luleå UnTechnology Monash University NewcasMagdeburg Queen's University Belfast RoStanford University Sveučilište u Zagrebu TecDarmstadt Technische Universiteit Delft TechThe Open University Texas Christian UniversityBundeswehr München Universität KarlsruheUniversity of Auckland University of BathUniversity of Cagliari University of Dundee UUniversity of Glasgow University of HertfordUniversity of Glasgow University of HertfordLeeds University of Leicester University of LiNottingham University of Oxford University oof Salford University of St Andrews UnivUniversity of Strathclyde University of SurreL d U i i f T k U i i f ULondon University of Tokyo University of UInstitute

Academic Collaborators

Brunel University London Cardiff Universityersity Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Durhamal Griffith University Heriot‐Watt Universityndon Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Lancasteri i f T h l M h I i fiversity of Technology Massachusetts Institute ofstle University Otto‐von‐Guericke Universitätoyal College of Art Sheffield Hallam Universityhnische Universität Berlin Technische Universitäthnische Universität München Tel Aviv Universityy Università degli Studi di Padova Universität derUniversität Paderborn University College LondonUniversity of Birmingham University of BristolUniversity of East Anglia University of Edinburghshire University of Huddersfield University ofshire University of Huddersfield University ofverpool University of Manchester University ofof Queensland University of Reading Universityversity of Sheffield University of Southamptony University of Sydney University of the Artsl U i i f Y k W P l h ilster University of York Worcester Polytechnic

85

Acknowledgements

Many thanks are due to Mari Huhtala, Anna Walcthe preparation of this book and to Nathan Crillyand timely comments during its development. Cre

vi Design Process Improvement, reproduced wit14 Damian Newland, Central Office of Design15 https://revisionlab.wordpress.com/that‐squig16 The Design Council17 http://abeldb.com/en/reports/design‐proces18 E i W S b N l A hit t USA18 Eric W. Sponberg, Naval Architect, USA19 http://www.ericwsponberg.com/articles/21 Engineering Design: Representation and Reas46 Jaguar Land Rover52 Rolls Royce Civil Aerospace52 Rolls Royce Civil Aerospace53 http://impact.ref.ac.uk/casestudies2/refservi57 Conversation with Jamie Hamilton, Monitor G59 Conversation with Glenn Pascoe, Cambridge U61 Conversation with Mathew Young, Oval Medig63 Conversation with Adam Locke, Laing O’Rourk64 http://www.slideshare.net/ajovalasit/nathan66 http://www‐edc.eng.cam.ac.uk/research/des69 http://www.billbuxton.com/Innovative%20In70 http://www‐edc.eng.cam.ac.uk/research/ind76 British Cycling

86

czyk, Andrew Flintham and Nick Butterfield fory and Per Ola Kristensson for providing helpfuledits for specific content are as follows:

th permission of Springer

ggle‐of‐the‐design‐process/

s‐the‐double‐diamond/

soning, Cambridge University Press, 2014

ce.svc/GetCaseStudyPDF/14057Group, 2012University Hospitals, 2010ical Technologies Ltd, 2010gke, 2014‐crilly‐hcdi‐talk‐when‐users‐thing‐about‐designsignmanagement/teraction.pdfustrialsustainability/

www‐edc.eng.cam.ac.uk

For more than twenty‐five years the Cambridge Engineering Design Centre

has undertaken fundamental and applied research to generate knowledge that

improves the design process.

This book provides an introduction pto the diversity of people, activities and collaborators that have contributed so

effectively to this endeavour.

ISBN 978‐0‐9564691‐4‐4

cambridge engineering design centre

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