cambodia - presentation before national election
TRANSCRIPT
Cambodia Presentation
Cambodia: Map and Flag
Cambodia Fast Fact
Area: 181,035 sq km
Population: 14 millions
Capital: Phnom Penh
Official Languages Khmer, French, English
Government: multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Religion: Buddhist , Muslim , other
Agriculture Rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca, silk
Cambodia History in Short
600's - 1500's the Khmer civilization1863 – French Colonization 1953 – Independent 1965 - Head of State Sihanouk 1970 - Sihanouk is deposed1975 – Year Zero1979- The Vietnamese take Phnom Penh1989 - Vietnamese troops withdraw1991- Paris Peace Accord 1993 –Election in Cambodia
Cambodia Political System (1863-Present)
No Year Political System Name Leader Influenced by
1 1863-1953 Monarchy (Protectorate of France)
French Protectorate of Cambodia
French Indochina
French
2 1953-1970 Constitutional Monarchy
Kingdom of Cambodia
Norodom Sihanouk (PM)
Nonaligned neutral
3 1970-1975 Republic Republic of Kumpuchea
Lon Nol Son Sann
American
4 1979-1980 Maoist Agro Communism
Democratic Kampuchea (DK)
Khmer Rouge: Pol Pot (Saloth Sar)Ieng SaryNoun Chea
Agrarian socialism Maoist TheoryMarxism-Leninism Communism Extreme
Cambodia Political System (1863-Present)
No Year Political System Name Leader Influenced by
5 1979-1989 Communist Party (Central and Local committee)
People’s Republic of Kampuchea ( PRK
Pen SovannChea SimHeng SamrinHun Sen
Vietnamese Soviet Union (cold war and Indochina)
6 1989-1991 Communist Party (Central and Local committee)
State of Cambodia (SC)
Chea SimHeng SamrinHun Sen
Vietnamese and Soviet Union
7 1991-1993 United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia
Supreme National Council (SNC)
Sihanouk Hun Sen Khiev SamphanSon Sann
United Nation
8 1993-Present Constitutional Monarchy
Kingdom of Cambodia
Norodom Ranariddh Hun Sen
Independent
12th century The Largest religious Temple in the world was built, Angkor Wat
1963-1953 French Colonization Rediscover of Angkor Ruins
9 November 1953, Cambodia Independent from French
1975, The Killing Field and Year Zero
1993, election organized by UNTAC, The end of civil war.
French Protectorat
e of
Cambodia
(1863-1953)
- 19th century, Cambodia was in the midst of repression between Thailand and Vietnam.
- King Norodom requested a French protectorate over his kingdom.
- July 1863, Norodom signed a treaty acknowledge a French protectorate over the Kingdom
- The treaty remained the Cambodian monarchy.
- French would appointed adviser for the Kingdom called “Resident”
- However, France controlled the foreign and trade relations as well as provide military protection.
- The Kingdom of Siam (Thailand) recognized Cambodia under the protectorate of France and returned province to Cambodia
- French Company was able to operate freely in the Kingdom
- Cambodia still remain Buddhism religion
- All the land own by the king and French started to privatize the land in order to get tax
- Land tax and other repression of the French caused a lot of revolution throughout the country
- One of the famous revolution was in the early 1900s in Kompong Chhnang called “Phum Derachhan” literally called �៉the cruel village” by French
- The villagers killed the French residents who came to collect the tax from the poor.
- Corfield, J. (1997) The History of Cambodia.
Independent
and Development Under Sokum Reas
Niyum
(1953-1970)
- November 9, 1953. King Norodom Sihanouk succeed in gaining Complete Independent from French with diplomacy without blood shed
- 1953-1970 Constitutional Monarchy Under the leader of
King Norodom (Sokum Reas Niyum) - Sokum ReasNiyum litterally Popular Socialist
Community- 1955 Sihounouk win 88% of seat at the NA- The Neutral state was called (Island of Peace) - Sokum Reas Niyum focus on development rather than
creating Army - “He put his nation on a modern footing in the 1960s, especially bolstering the education system” ( Becker & Mydan, 2012)- Opening a sea port city in 1960 less depend on South
Vietnam sea port - In the five years, Cambodia has been the recipient of
some $300 million in American military, economic, and technical assistance. It has also received considerable aid from France, the Soviet Union, and Communist China.
Sihanouk Port today
Population 5,000,000
Agriculture Rice and Rubber
Trade France, United States, Malaya
Education Primary School (1957)= 1,032, 350,000 studentsReligious Primary school= 1400, 75,000 studentsPrivate Primary School= 204, 17,117 students
Armed Forces 35,000 men source: http://sophal.faithweb.com/CAMBODIA/1960.html
Killing Field of
Year Zero
(1975-1979)
- Killing Fields refer to a number of sites in Cambodia where large number of people were murdered and buried in the Khmer Rouge Regime - Year Zero, applied to the overthrow of Cambodia in 1975 by Pol Pot/Khmer Rouge- the Term was given by Francois Ponchaud who is a French Catholic Priest Missionary -The idea behind Year Zero is that all culture and traditions within a society must be completely destroyed or discarded and a new revolutionary culture must replace it, starting from scratch.- Most of the scholars like teacher, doctors and even artist were singled out. -The Khmer Rouge government completely reform the Cambodia Society.
No religion, no school, no private ownership -Khmer Rouge Government turned the country into the agrarian country
Estimated of 1.7 million people died in the regime
Work camp in Khmer Rouge Time
Around 20,002 mass grave sites was found by DC- Cam
At least 1,386,734 victim of execution (Yale University)
War, Peace and
Election
- After the fall of Pol Pot, Cambodia was under the Vietnam Occupation. Cambodia still have the civil war between the Phnom Penh Government and the Khmer Rouge and Funcinpec (King)
- Cambodia Government in Phnom Penh Restored all the economic system focusing on socialist ideology : planned economy with markets
- Introduce the pay based force - State should buy agricultural products from the peasants and should sell them
manufactured goods at free-market prices according to the conference 1980 - A lot of plan was conducted to restore the country suffering from mass killing,
starvation, malnutrition - “Under international pressure, Vietnam finally withdrew its occupying army from
Cambodia. This decision had also been forced by economic sanctions on Cambodia (the US's doing), and by a cut-off in aid from Vietnam's own backer, the Soviet Union.”
Source: http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_cambodia2.html
Restoration, foreign occupation and
sanction
- On October 23, 1991, all the parties signed on the most importance treaty to end the civil war in Cambodia . The Paris Peace Accord.
- UN has the full authority to supervise a cease fire, returned the displaced Khmer along the border with Thailand, disarm and demobilize the factional armies, and organize the Election
- Funcinpec won, Hun Sen didn’t want to abandon the government. - Cambodia has two prime ministers
Peace and Election (1991-1993)
1997 clash in Cambodia
Hun Sen, the second Prime Minister ousted Prince Ranariddh, the first Prime Minister
The press called it the "bloody coup by strongman Hun Sen”
Hun Sen accused the Prince who smuggled Khmer Rouge Troop into Phnom Penh City
In 1998, Hun Sen won election however the election organized by the National Election Committee was allegedly claimed by the International observer as flaw, violenceAnd lack of media access
July 28 2013 Election
Hun Sen, Cambodia People Party Kem Sokha and Sam Rainsy, Cambodian National Rescue Party
-July 8, 2013 Cambodian Opposition Leader, Sam Rainsy vows to return home-July 10, 2013 US Politicians push to cut aid to Cambodia If election unfair -July 12, 2013 The king Pardoned the president of Cambodian National Rescue Party-July 12, 2013 The United States on Friday welcomed a decision by Cambodia's king to pardon opposition leader Sam Rainsy, allowing him to return from self-imposed exile in France to participate in general elections at the end of the month.
-Yesterday, Sam Rainsy returned to Cambodia after the King’s pardon last weekOver 10 thousands of crowd welcomed his return.
-28th July, Cambodian will cast their vote in the polling station. The decision that expert questioned “ Is the Hun Sen era coming to an end?”
Cambodia Foreign Relation
-According to the Economist, Cambodia rarely gets the chance to shine on the international stage-Cambodia is the member of ASEAN, United Nation and other international agencies such as World bank, IMF, ADB and WTO. -Dispute with the border countries such as Vietnam and Thailand regarding offshore islandAnd sections of the boundary with Vietnam-The recent clash between Cambodia and Thailand over the 4.6 sqKm. Near the Preah VihearTemple still wait for the final decision from International Court in Holland. - China’s geopolitical interest in Cambodia changed significantly with the end of the Cold
War. It remain the influence via the Late King Sihanouk. China provide billion of bilateral aid to Cambodia without any condition while other Western Country use conditions as mechanism influence the democracy in Cambodia
- While having long historical dispute with Cambodia, Thailand is the main investor and the largest Import source.
- Japan is one of the largest donors in Cambodia. Prime Minister Hun Sen visited Japan 2007, and Signed on many agreement on promotion and protection of investment between both countries- The US offers Cambodia quotas for importing the garment
products. However, America Periodically ban Cambodia’s products or threat to cut aid over the concern on political freedom in Cambodia- France who is the former colonial administrator still
continue influence Cambodia via business and foreign Aid.
Population
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
16000000
Population (in millions)1960-2011
20112009
20072005
20032001
19991997
19951993
19911989
19871985
19831981
19791977
19751973
19711969
19671965
19631961
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Population Growth (annual %)1960-2011
20112009
20072005
20032001
19991997
19951993
19911989
19871985
19831981
19791977
19751973
19711969
19671965
19631961
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Life Expectancy at Birth (total years)1960-2011
20112009
20072005
20032001
19991997
19951993
19911989
19871985
19831981
19791977
19751973
19711969
19671965
19631961
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fertility Rate (total births per woman)1960-2011
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 19970
10
20
30
40
50
60
Adolscent Fertility Rate (birth per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
1997-2011
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 19970
10
20
30
40
50
60
Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Line (% of population) 1997-2011
Economy
$0.00
$2,000,000,000.00
$4,000,000,000.00
$6,000,000,000.00
$8,000,000,000.00
$10,000,000,000.00
$12,000,000,000.00
$14,000,000,000.00GDP (in billion US dollars)
1960-2011
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 19940
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
GDP growth (annual %)1994-2011
2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988$0.00
$1,000,000,000.00
$2,000,000,000.00
$3,000,000,000.00
$4,000,000,000.00
$5,000,000,000.00
$6,000,000,000.00
$7,000,000,000.00
$8,000,000,000.00
Household Consumption Expenditure (in USD) Government Consumption Expenditure (in USD)
in billion USD
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Inflation Rate (annual %)1994-2011
76%
1%6%
12%
Total Employment by Economic Activity (2004 population)
A. Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry
B. Fishing
C. Mining and Quarrying
D. Manufacturing
E. Electricity, Gas and Water Supply
F. Construction
G. Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods
H. Hotels and Restaurants
I. Transport, Storage and Communications
J. Financial Intermediation
K. Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities
L. Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security
M. Education
N. Health and Social Work
O. Other Community,Social and Personal Service Activities
P. Households with Employed Persons
Q. Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 20000
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
High Technology Exports (% of manufactured exports)
2000-2011
20072006
20052004
20032002
20012000
19991998
19971996
19951994
19931992
19911990
19891988
$0.00
$1,000,000,000.00
$2,000,000,000.00
$3,000,000,000.00
$4,000,000,000.00
$5,000,000,000.00
$6,000,000,000.00
$7,000,000,000.00
Net Primary Income from Abroad (in billion USD)1987-2008
20112010
20092008
20072006
20052004
20032002
20012000
19991998
19971996
19951994
19931992
$0.00
$100,000,000.00
$200,000,000.00
$300,000,000.00
$400,000,000.00
$500,000,000.00
$600,000,000.00
$700,000,000.00
$800,000,000.00
$900,000,000.00
$1,000,000,000.00
Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (in million USD)1992-2011
Foreign Assistance
20112009
20072005
20032001
19991997
19951993
19911989
19871985
19831981
19791977
19751973
19711969
19671965
19631961
$0.00
$100,000,000.00
$200,000,000.00
$300,000,000.00
$400,000,000.00
$500,000,000.00
$600,000,000.00
$700,000,000.00
$800,000,000.00
$900,000,000.00
Net Development Assistance/Official Aid Received (in million USD) 1960-2011
Japan US
France Australia
China Germany
SwedenUnited Kingdom
Republic of KoreaBelgium
Denmark
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
ODA
ODA
Official development Assistance (ODA) Traditional aid donor Development Assistance Committee : Japan, the USA, France, Sweden, DenmarkNon-DAC aid donor: South Korea and china
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
0102030405060708090
100
ChinaS. Korea
Like China, South Korea’s ODA to Cambodia has increased significantly from 0.5 million in 1198 to 31.4 million USD in 2007.
Education
2011 2010 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 19710
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary and Secondary Education (%) 1971-2011
2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 19900
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Internet Users per 100 People1990-2011
2010 2005 2000 19980
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Births Attended by Skilled Health Staff (% of total births) 1998-2010
Health
2010200920082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995199419931992199119900
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Improved Sanitation Facilities, Urban (% of urban population with access) 1990-2010
2010200920082007200620052004200320022001200019991998199719961995199419931992199119900
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Improved Water Source (% of population with access) 1990-2010
20112010
20092008
20072006
20052004
20032002
20012000
19991998
19971996
19951994
19931992
19911990
19891988
19871986
19851984
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Immunization to Measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
1984-2011
2010 2005 2000 1998 19950
10
20
30
40
50
60
Contraceptive Prevalence (% of women 15-49) 1995-2010
20112010
20092008
20072006
20052004
20032002
20012000
19991998
19971996
19951994
19931992
19911990
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Prevalence of HIV (total % of population ages 15-49)
1990-2011
Happy Planet IndexHappy Planet Index (HPI) is an index of human well-being and environmental impact that was introduced by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in July 2006
HPI is not a measure of which are the happiest countries in the world
based on general utilitarian principles — that most people want
to live long and fulfilling lives
INDICATORS:
•low amount of natural resources required to sustain a given country's lifestyle
•relatively high levels of life satisfaction, as measured in surveys
•life expectancy at birth
Color signifies Highest rank through to lowest rank; grey indicates Information not available . (2006)
Cambodia
2006 2009