call to order 1. describe two details in the picture. 2. using the picture, define the word:...
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Call to Order1. Describe two details in the picture.2. Using the picture, define the word: “Competition”3. Why might competition between two companies be good for consumers (people who buy a good)?
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Economics: RecapThe study of:
Production (making goods)
Consumption (buying goods)
Distribution (selling goods)
An economy is where all of these actions occur together.
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Northern & Southern Economies
North: Moved towards
industrialization “Industrialization” is
the development of industry, or an increase in manufacturing (through factories)
Needed people for factory jobs; some needed skills
South: Agriculturally based Depended on the
growing and selling of crops
Needed people for manual labor
Didn’t necessarily need people with skills
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The Rise of Industry The North did not have good
enough land to rely on farming (agriculture) to make money
After the Civil War, people begin to create new products and machines.
Due to this, American life changed dramatically, and the US evolved from a largely agricultural nation into a largely industrial society.
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Capitalism the economic system in
which factories, equipment, and other means of production are privately owned instead of owned by the government.
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Changes in Communication & Transportation
Electricity was invented and brought dramatic changes to communication.
Telegraph lines were laid throughout the country
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
The automobile and airplane were invented
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Explosion of Industrial Growth
The growth of technology and creation of communication and electric power helped fuel American industry
Companies who had once been local expanded nation-wide
Systems of mass production came about and factories were used to produce goods in large quantities
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Factories Work was done by specialized
machinery that could produce identical parts.
Unskilled workers were used to run the machines
Engineers divided up the production process so that each worker did a single task.
This sped up production and increased profits.
Increased production led to cheaper goods
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Factors of Production
As businesses grew, they needed three factors of production:
1. Land- includes soil, forests, minerals, etc.
2. Labor- people to work
3. Capital- money, buildings, tools, machinery
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Corporations A company that is
independent from its owners. That means, a “corporation” can own property, borrow money, sue, or be sued.
People can invest in a corporation by buying stock
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Holding Company
When a company invests so much (buys so much stock) in other companies that they have a say in what the other companies do.
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Competition
Two companies might compete for the same group of people’s business
Competition among corporations provide customers with a choice
Also drives down prices
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Monopoly: a company that
dominates a particular industry
This reduces competition by buying or bankrupting competitors.
John D. Rockefeller was successful with this in the oil industry.
He bought out or merged with other companies; his competitors went bankrupt
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Pools
A voluntary agreement among companies that fixes prices Divides business allocates sales and market territories
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Horizontal Integration This was a way that
corporations got bigger
Owning all businesses in a particular field.
Example: Rockefeller of Standard Oil bought up oil refineries and gained control of the whole industry.
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Vertical Integration Owning businesses
involved in each step of the manufacturing process
Example: Andrew Carnegie and his steel company: he bought iron mines, then the mills they were sent to, then ships and railroads that moved finished products. He gained control of the steel industry
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Laissez-Faire
Means “hands off” or “allow to do” in French
Lawmakers were not willing to intervene in business
They adopted laissez-faire, meaning that the market would regulate itself and that government would not interfere in it.
This allowed businesses to do what they wanted, including raise prices and decrease competition.
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Social Darwinism
This also did not want the government to be able to regulate business practices
“Survival of the fittest” in the business world
It argued that the government should leave businesses alone to succeed or fail on their own.
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Which is Laissez Faire?
Statement A: "The best way to economic recovery is to subsidize industry so that it will hire more workers and expand production."
Statement B: "If jobs are not available, the government must create jobs for those who are unemployed."
Statement C: "According to human nature, the most talented people will always come out on top."
Statement D: "Our government is responsible for the nation’s economic well-being."
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Which economic term applies to the scenario?
A new steel company is opened that is going to produce steel for all the major railroad companies in the United States. Rather than the government owning this, the factories, equipment, and other means of production are all bought and owned by one person- Ms. Zeins. Because Ms. Zeins privately owns all of the factors of production for this steel industry, she makes all the profits and becomes very rich.
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Looking at these in Cartoons
![Page 23: Call to Order 1. Describe two details in the picture. 2. Using the picture, define the word: “Competition” 3. Why might competition between two companies](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649e7d5503460f94b80b07/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Looking at these in Political Cartoons
![Page 24: Call to Order 1. Describe two details in the picture. 2. Using the picture, define the word: “Competition” 3. Why might competition between two companies](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649e7d5503460f94b80b07/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Looking at these in Political Cartoons