California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Invited Joint Briefing toUCSD CONNECT & the San Diego Telecom Council

La Jolla, CAJanuary 25, 2001

By Larry Smarr, Director, Cal-(IT)2

• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime• Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses• Vast Increase in Internet End Points

– Embedded Processors– Sensors and Actuators– Information Appliances

• Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber• Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer

– Storage everywhere– Scalable computing power

“The all optical fibersphere in the center finds its complement in the wireless ethersphere on the edge of the network.”

--George Gilder

The Emerging Brilliant CloudA Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

The Internet is Poised to MoveThroughout the Physical World

Radio(1940s)

Internet(1990s)

Layered Software Approach to Building the Planetary Grid

Science Portals & Workbenches

Twenty-First Century Applications

Computational Services

Performance

Networking, Devices and Systems

Grid Services(resource independent)

Grid Fabric(resource dependent)

Access Services & Technology

Access Grid

Computational Grid

Edited by Ian Foster and Carl Kesselmanwww.mkp.com/grids

“A source book for the historyof the future” -- Vint Cerf

The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure

• Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure– Bottom Up– Completely Decentralized– Self-Assembling– Use at Your Own Risk– Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment

• Examples– NSFnetInternet– NCSA MosaicWeb– NapsterPeer-to-Peer Storage– SETI@homePeer-to-Peer Computing– IEEE 802.11Broadband Wireless Internet

UC San Diego and UC Irvine California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

• New Funding Model (4 Years)– State $100M– Industry $140M– Private $30 M– Campus $30M– Federal $100-200M (anticipated)– Total $400-500M

• Institute Directors– Larry Smarr (UCSD), Institute Director– Ron Graham (UCSD), Institute Chief Scientist– Ramesh Rao, Director, UCSD Division– Peter Rentzepis, Director, UCI Division

www.calit2.net

A Broad Partnership Response from the Private Sector

Akamai Boeing

BroadcomAMCC CAIMISCompaq

Conexant Copper Mountain

EmulexEnterprise Partners VC

EntropiaEricsson

Global PhotonIBM

IdeaEdge VenturesIntersil

Irvine SensorsLeap Wireless

Litton IndustriesMedExpert

Merck Microsoft

Mission VenturesNCR

Newport CorporationOrincon

Panoram Technologies Printronix

QUALCOMMQuantum

R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical RISAIC

SciFrameSeagate Storage

Silicon Wave Sony

STMicroelectronicsSun Microsystems

TeraBurst Networks Texas InstrumentsUCSD Healthcare The Unwired Fund

WebEx

ComputersCommunications

SoftwareSensors

BiomedicalStartups

Venture Firms

Elements of the Cal -(IT)2 Industrial Partnerships

• Endowed Chairs for Professors

• Start-Up Support for Young Faculty

• Graduate Student Fellowships

• Research and Academic Professionals

• Sponsored Research Programs

• Equipment Donations for Cal-(IT)2 and Campus

• Named Laboratories in new Institute Buildings

• Pro Bono Services and Software

Complex Problems Require a New Research and Education Framework

www.calit2.net

220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams

With Students, Industry, and the Community

Novel Materials and Devices are Needed in Every Part of the New Internet

UCIAdvanced displaysSensor networksOrganic/polymer

electronics;Biochips

Magnetic, optical data storage

Microwave amplifiers, receivers

High-speed optical switchesNanophotonic components

Spintronics/quantum encryption

Ultralow powerelectronics

Nonvolatile data storage

Smart chemical, biological, motion, positionsensors

telemedicine

environmental,climate, transportationmonitoring systems

optical network infrastructure

wireless network infrastructure

Microwave amplifiers, receivers

BiochipsBiosensorsHigh-densitydata storage

UCIAdvanced displaysSensor networksOrganic/polymer

electronics;Biochips

Magnetic, optical data storage

Microwave amplifiers, receivers

High-speed optical switchesNanophotonic components

Spintronics/quantum encryption

Ultralow powerelectronics

Nonvolatile data storage

Smart chemical, biological, motion, positionsensors

telemedicine

environmental,climate, transportationmonitoring systems

optical network infrastructure

wireless network infrastructure

Microwave amplifiers, receivers

BiochipsBiosensorsHigh-densitydata storage

Materials and Devices Team, UCSD

New Clean Room Facilites at Both Campuses

Creating Tiny and Inexpensive Wireless Internet Sensors Combining…

Fluids

Stresses and Strains

Optics and Lasers

UCI Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility

0.1 millimeter

100,000 nanometers

Cal -(IT)2 Researchers Will Focus on Semiconductor “System Chips”

• Two Trends:– Increasing Use of “Embedded Intelligence”– Networking of Embedded Intelligence

• In Ten Years: – The Big: eg., Terabit Optical Core, Gigabit Wireless, ...– The Small: eg., Pervasive Self-powered Sensor “Motes”– The Cheap: eg., One-Cent Radios

– Short-range (10-100m), Low Power (10nJ/bit), Low Bit Rate (1-100kbps)

• The Consequence:– Smart Spaces, Intelligent Interfaces, Ad Hoc Networks

Source: Rajesh Gupta, UCI Center for Embedded Computer Systems

Goal: Design of Configurable Wireless Embedded Sensing/Computing/Communicating Appliances

ProtocolStacks

SoC DesignMethodologies

Sw/Silicon/MEMSImplementation

Memory

Protocol Processors

ProcessorsProcessors DSP

RFRFReconf.Logic

WirelessRTOS Network

Physical

Data Link

TransportApplications

sensors

ProtocolsSw/Hw/Sensor/RF

Co-design Reconfiguration

Internet

Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE

Nanotechnology Is Becoming Essential for Photonics

Nanoscale-engineered electro-optic couplers and modulators

Nanoscale form-birefringent element

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)

Fiber tip

Grating coupler

optical fiber

network

Nanoscale-engineered electro-optic couplers and modulators

Nanoscale form-birefringent element

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)

Fiber tip

Grating coupler

optical fiber

network

Source: UCSD Ultrafast and Nanoscale Optics Group,

Shaya Fainman

Near Term Fiber Optics Goal:Build an International Lambda Grid

• Establish PACI High Performance Network– SDSC to NCSA to PSC LambdaNet

• Link to:– State Dark Fiber

– Metropolitan Optical Switched Networks

– Campus Optical Grids

– International Optical Research Networks

• NSF Fund Missing Dark Fiber Links For:– Scientific Applications

– Network Research

From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings

Access Grid Lead-ArgonneNSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab

Linking Researchers with IP Multicast from UCSD, UCI and Partners

Bridging Internet Data Collection and Theoretical Scaling Analysis

• Network Graph Theory– Sparse– Clustered– Hierarchical– Power Laws

• Goal– IT First Principles– Quantitative Laws– Verify Against Reality– Use for Optimal Design

100,000 nodes Colored by Node IP AddressBill Cheswick, Lucent Bell Labs and Hal Burch, CMU

www.caida.org/projects/internetatlas/gallery/

Fan Chung Graham, UCSD

CWC Brings Deep Wireless Expertise to the Heart of The Institute

Broadband Wireless

LOW-POWEREDCIRCUITRY

ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

COMMUNICATIONTHEORY

COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS

MULTIMEDIAAPPLICATIONS

RFMixed A/D

ASICMaterials

Smart AntennasAdaptive Arrays

ModulationChannel CodingMultiple Access

Compression

ArchitectureMedia Access

SchedulingEnd-to-End QoS

Hand-Off

ChangingEnvironment

ProtocolsMulti-Resolution

Center for Wireless Communications

Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today

• Create Wireless Internet “Watering Holes”– Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains

– Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps

– Home, Neighborhoods, Office– MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Major Hotels, Restaurants, …– UCSD—Key Campus Buildings, Dorms, Coffee Shops…

• Upsides– Ease of Use– Unlicensed so Anyone can Be a Wireless ISP– Will Accelerate Innovation—”Living in the Future”

• Downsides– Not Secure– Shared Bandwidth– Short Range Coverage

“The future is already here, it’s just not evenly distributed”William Gibson, Author of Neuromancer

½ Mile

•Commodity Internet, Internet2•High-speed WAN (OC48+)•Remote Wireless Data Ingestion

• Campus Wireless

The UCSD “Living Laboratory”—Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software

SIO

SDSC

CS

ChemMed

Eng. / Cal-(IT)2

Hosp

• High-speed optical core• 8 Gigabit now• 80 Gigabit in 18 months• 1 Terabit in 36 Months

Source: Phil Pap

Web Interface to Grid ComputingThe NPACI GridPort Architecture

802.11b Wireless

Interactive Access to:• State of Computer• Job Status• Application Codes

Cal-(IT)2 Will Bring the Southern High Tech Coast into Cyberspace

• Partnering with:– UCSD SDSC– UCSD SIO– UCI ITS

• Add Wireless Sensor Array

• Build GIS Data• Focus on:

– Pollution– Water Cycle– Earthquakes– Bridges– Traffic– Policy

HuntingtonBeach

Mission Bay

San Diego Bay

UCSD

UCI

High Tech Coast

The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

• Cal-(IT)2 Will Build on This Pioneering Experiment

• Add New Science Sensor Arrays

• Instrument Civil Infrastructure

• Try Out New Wireless Technologies

• Data Analysis

• Outreach and Education

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

The Wireless Internet Adds Bio-Chemical-Physical Sensors to the Grid

• From Experiments to Wireless Infrastructure

• Scripps Institution of Oceanography

• San Diego Supercomputer Center

• Cal-(IT)2

• Building on Pioneering Work of Hans-Werner Braun & Frank Vernon

Source: John Orcutt, SIO

Bringing the Civil Infrastructure Online

New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links

Wireless Sensor ArraysLinked to Crisis Management

Control Rooms

Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

Gradually Our Bodies Will Move On-Line

• Example of New Sensors—Israeli Video Pill– Battery, Light, Video Camera

– Wireless Transmitter

– Images Stored on Hip

• Next Step—Putting You On-Line!– Key Metabolic and Physical Variables

– Model -- Dozens of Embedded Processors Inside of our Vehicles

– Why Do Airplanes Have “Black Boxes” and Our Bodies Don’t?

• Post-Genomic Individualized Medicine– Combine Your Genetic Code with Your Body’s

Data Flow

– Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques

www.givenimaging.com

Cal-(IT)2 Will Pioneer Links Between Art, Technology, & Science

“UCSD ”

0

4

8

12

16

1997 1999 2001 2003

US

In

sta

lle

d (

Millio

ns

)

DSL

Cable Modems

Broadband Will Connect 30 Million Homes and Small Businesses in Three Years

• PCs Always On• High Bandwidth Access• Corporate Drivers

– Ford Motor Co. is Buying Home PCs for All its Employees

– IBM Is Using SBC to Supply 12,000 Employees with Home DSL Internet Connections

• Stage is Set for Explosion of Internet Computing– Tie PCs Together as

Virtual Megacomputer

Source: Kinetic Strategies Inc., Gilder Technology Report

Pioneer Consulting

SETI@home Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers

• Running on 500,000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day– Over Half a Million CPU Years so far!– 22 Teraflops sustained 24x7

• Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis• Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope

Next Step-Allen Telescope Array

AreciboRadio Telescope

Evolving Drugs to Match Evolving AIDS Virus Varying Both Target Molecules and Target Proteins

AutoDock Application Software Has Been Downloaded to Over 10,000 PCs

In SilicoDrug Design

Art Olson, TSRI