California Competes: Higher Education for a Strong Economy

November 2013

Patterns of participation: California’s community colleges

California Needs 2.3 Million More College Grads than We Are On Track to Educate

An effective and equitable system requires reaching the California communities most in need

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Where the students are, and aren’t

Interactive online map allows users to analyze community college participation by zip code area.

http://californiacompetes.org/news_and_events/cccmap/

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The darker the zip code area, the more people (per capita) enrolled

Highest

Lowest

Average

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Click an area to see its details

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600 and above

500-600

400-500

300-400

Below 300

The map uses a “Participation Index”

(Statewide average = 450)

Full-time equivalent (FTE) enrollments for every 10,000 adults (age 18+) living in each zip code area

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Click a dot to show information about the college

Note: Some college locations do not have data.

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Special feature 1: Show other collegesClick the “Contents” icon (upper left)

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Click on the word “CollegeParticipation2”

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Click on the words “College Locations” to choose to show locations of additional types of colleges (enrollment not included)

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Special Feature 2: Show by NeedClick on “Participation by College Attainment”

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Why? Because low enrollment in places already saturated with college degrees isn’t worrisome. . .

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. . . Users can choose to show only the zip codes where few adults already have college degrees (Equity Areas)

Santa Cruz

San Benito

Merced

Sonoma Yolo

Colusa

Lake

YubaNevada

Placer

Mendocino

Del Norte

Humboldt

Madera

TuolumneMono

Monterey Kings

Calaveras

Los AngelesVentura

San Diego

Lassen

Alameda

AlpineAmador

Butte

Contra Costa

El Dorado

Fresno

Glenn

Imperial

Inyo

Kern

Marin

Mariposa

Modoc

Napa

Orange

Plumas

Riverside

Sacramento

San Bernardino

San FranciscoSan Joaquin

San Luis Obispo

San Mateo

Santa Barbara

Santa Clara

Shasta

Sierra

Siskiyou

Solano

Stanislaus

Sutter

Tehama

Trinity

Tulare

Analysis by Region

Northern California

Upper Sacramento Valley

Sacramento Tahoe

Central Sierra

San Joaquin Valley

Bay Area

Central CoastInland Empire

San Diego Imperial

Los Angeles

Orange

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Region Adult (18+) population

Adults with degrees already

CCC Participation

Index

Orange 2,251,743 40% 579

Central Coast 1,482,985 33% 484

San Diego/Imperial

2,459,074 37% 474

Bay Area 5,704,138 46% 451

Los Angeles 7,360,646 33% 429

San Joaquin 2,748,768 21% 427

Sacramento/Tahoe

1,717,118 35% 423

Inland Empire 2,960,671 25% 361

California 27,657,571 34% 450

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Orange County The second most educated region in the state

behind the Bay Area, Orange County has the highest community college participation in the state.

Per-capita participation is 29% higher than the state average.

Most of the region’s equity areas (where few people already have degrees) have high participation.

Many areas where most adults already have degrees also have high participation.

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San Diego/Imperial This well-educated and growing region has

above-average community college participation.

All of Imperial County, just five percent of the region’s population, is an equity area.

Most equity areas across the region tend to have high participation.

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Los Angeles Community college participation in Los Angeles is

5% below the state average, and 26% below Orange County.

If L.A. had the same rate of participation as Orange County, it would have 110,000 more students (FTE), the equivalent of four more Santa Monica Colleges.

Among the many equity areas in L.A., higher participation tends to exist in the southern parts of the county (e.g. Long Beach and Norwalk).

People who live in Glendale have very high rates of community college enrollment (a participation index of more than 800 overall).

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Inland Empire Riverside and San Bernardino Counties are

among the neediest in the state, but overall have the lowest community college enrollment.

Participation is 14% below the state average, and 33% below Orange County.

The Inland Empire has virtually no zip code with the highest category of participation, and has many equity areas with very low participation.

If the region had the same participation as the San Diego region, it would have 33,000 more students. If it matched Orange County, it would gain 65,000.

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San Joaquin Valley The region from Stockton to Bakersfield is the

neediest in the state but has low community college enrollment, especially in the southern part of the region (Bakersfield).

Like Los Angeles, its participation is 5% below the state average and 26% below Orange County.

If the region had the same participation as the San Diego region, it would have 13,000 more students (FTE). If it matched Orange County it would gain 42,000.

Almost the whole region is made up of equity areas where few adults have degrees. Merced has the highest enrollment.

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Sacramento/Tahoe The Sacramento region’s overall participation

is 6% below average, and 27% below Orange County.

Despite below-average participation overall, many of the Sacramento region’s equity areas have relatively high community college enrollment.

If the region had the same participation as Orange County, it would have 27,000 more students (FTE).

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Bay Area In this highly educated region, participation

overall is just above the state average. The Bay Area has several wealthy

communities with high participation: Santa Rosa, Cupertino, Pleasant Hill, Aptos.

There are equity areas with low participation in San Leandro, Hayward, Richmond, San Jose and elsewhere (including immediately adjacent to the high-participation area of Pleasant Hill).

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Central Coast This area from Monterey and Hollister south to

Ventura has the second-highest community college participation of the state’s major regions.

Unlike most other regions, the zip codes where more people already have degrees overall enroll more students than do the equity areas. This phenomenon is most pronounced in Santa Barbara County.

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Is funding the explanation? Taxpayer funding determines the number of

classes and enrollment slots a college offers. Funding is determined largely by historical

enrollments. But colleges can enroll any Californian, so

who enrolls depends only in part on the location and funding of the colleges.

Participation also depends on what each college offers and how it is promoted.

Participation also depends on what each college offers and how it is promoted.

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Many factors beyond funding and location influence who enrolls, including: The programs and

courses offered Class schedules Preparation and

advising at area high schools

Counseling by the college

Admissions and registration processes

Deadlines, waiting lists

Reputation of the college, the program, the instructors

Parking, traffic, and public transportation

Financial aid staffing and approach

Athletics Diversity, language Friends’ & relatives’

experiences

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Also available: Where each community college’s enrollment comes from

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Recommendations California Competes Council:

Mayor Bob Foster, Long Beach (Chair) Aida Alvarez, former administrator, U.S. Small Business

Administration Mayor Bill Bogaard, Pasadena Kim Belshé, Executive Director, First 5 LA Mark Cafferty, President and CEO, San Diego Regional Economic

Development Corporation Mayor Cheryl Cox, Chula Vista Elizabeth Hill, former California Legislative Analyst Fritz Grupe, Founder, Grupe Company Paul Hudson, former CEO, Broadway Bank Steven Koblik, President, Huntington Library Ken McNeely, President, AT&T California Lenny Mendonca, Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company Mike Roos, Founder and Chief Consultant, Mike Roos & Company

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The state should: Create financial incentives for community

colleges to enroll and successfully serve Californians living in areas of need (low levels of college education and other factors such as high poverty and unemployment).

Collect and analyze data on enrollment by other open-enrollment institutions including adult education, for-profit and nonprofit colleges, and UC/CSU extensions.

Support college-access efforts at high schools and outreach programs in areas with apparent need but low community college participation.

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Data Sources

2010-11 community college enrollment (credit and non-credit),* by campus and zip code: California Community College Chancellor’s Office

2010 population variables by zip code area (ZCTA): American Community Survey, U.S. Census

Other college location, enrollment, and demographic information: Integrated Postsecondary Education System, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.

*Cerritos College enrollment was imputed from prior-year enrollment data.

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Thanks For data matching and analysis: Charles

Hatcher, Ph.D., and Informing Change. For GIS mapping expertise: Remmert Dekker

and John Roach. A number of people gave us comments on

early drafts that proved immensely helpful, including: PolicyLink, Jeremy Lahoud, Pamela Burdman, Tessa DeRoy, Hans Johnson, Tatiana Melguizo, Patrick Murphy, Patrick Perry and Nancy Shulock.

California Competes takes full responsibility for the final product.

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This work was made possible by support from: College Access Foundation of California The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Foundation The James Irvine Foundation The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Lumina Foundation Evelyn & Walter Haas, Jr. Fund

California Competes is a fiscally-sponsored project of Community Initiatives.

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Questions and suggestions:CCCparticipation@californiacompetes

.org

@CalCompetes

Map: http://californiacompetes.org/news_and_events/cccmap/