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YanChuan Cai In collabora*on with Baojiu Li, Shaun Cole, Carlos Frenk (Durham) Mark Neyrinck(JHU), Istvan Szapudi (Hawaii), Joseph ClampiH (Upenn) Cosmic Voids as Probes for Cosmology 15/04/2014, ExploiBng VST ATLAS and its sister surveys, Durham 1

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Page 1: Cai VST 2 - astro.dur.ac.ukastro.dur.ac.uk/VSTWorkshop/Cai_VST.pdf · Voids(in(theory(Y.(Cai( 3 Sheth(&(van(de(Weygaert,2004 R f /R int ∼ 1.7 In(LCDM,((shell$crossing(occurs(at

Yan-­‐Chuan  Cai  In  collabora*on  with    

 Baojiu  Li,  Shaun  Cole,  Carlos  Frenk  (Durham)  Mark  Neyrinck(JHU),  Istvan  Szapudi  (Hawaii),    

Joseph  ClampiH  (Upenn)  

Cosmic  Voids  as  Probes  for  Cosmology  

15/04/2014,  ExploiBng  VST  ATLAS  and  its  sister  surveys,  Durham   1  

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Outline  

•  IntroducBon  •  I.  Void  as  a  test  for  modify  gravity  (MG)                  Void  staBsBcs  and  profiles  

•  II.  Void  &  the  ISW  effect:                  SimulaBons  and  observaBons  (SDSS  DR7)    

2  Y.  Cai  

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Voids  in  theory  

Y.  Cai   3  

Sheth  &  van  de  Weygaert,  2004  

Rf/Rint ∼ 1.7In  LCDM,    shell-­‐crossing  occurs  at  

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4  

I.  Void  as  a  probe  of  modify  gravity  (chameleon  model)  

Y.  Cai  

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Chameleon  model    

φminmmin

Small  Large  

φminmmin

Large  Small  

(Khoury  &  Weltman  2004)  

1.  Gravity  is  back  to  GR  at  high-­‐z    and  in  high  density  region  2.      Late  Bme  acceleraBon  like  LCDM      

5  Y.  Cai  

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6  

Chameleon  model    

At  the  late  Bme  

The  effecBve  potenBal  of  the  scalar  field  has  a  global  minimal  close  to                            where      is  very  large  at  high  density  region    

The  5th  force  is  suppressed  exponenBally  –  gravity  is  back  to  GR.  

φ = 0

2γ2 = 1/3

α = 10−6

Li  &  Zhao  (2009,  2010);  Li  &  Barrow  (2011);  Li  &  Efsthathiou    2012  

Like  in  f(R)  

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Individual  void:  size  and  velocity  

7  

Clampic,  Cai  &  Li,  2013  

Void  radius  Rv=1  Mpc/h   Void  radius  Rv=3  Mpc/h  

Increasing    environmental  density  

p  

•   In  MG,  void  grows    larger  and  expands  faster  than  in  GR    

•   Large  differences    in  overdense  environment  (void-­‐in-­‐clound)  

7  

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Void    abundance  

Li  &  Efsthathiou  2012  

8  Y.  Cai  

Clampic,  Cai  &  Li,  2013  

LCDM  

Chameleon  model  

•   Void  abundance  can  be  10  Bmes  more  sensiBve  to  gravity  than  the  case  of  halos    

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Environmental  dependence  

Clampic,  Cai  &  Li,  2013  9  Y.  Cai  

•   Strong  environmental  dependence:  voids-­‐in-­‐clouds  differ  more  from  GR  

FracBo

nal  differen

ce  of  void  abun

dance  

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Summary  so  far    

•  The  repulsive  5th  drives  voids  to  grow  larger  and  faster  in  MG  

•  Void  abundance  can  be  10  Bmes  more  sensiBve  than  halo  abundance  in  disBnguishing  chameleon  model  from  GR  

•  Void  properBes  is  strongly  environmental  dependent  in  MG  

•  Void  profiles  from  lensing  is  promising  to  constraint  MG  

Y.  Cai   10  

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11  

II.  Probing  the  EmpBness    -  ISW  from  stacking  superstructures  

Y.  Cai   11  

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HeaBng  Cooling  

Cluster  0

Early  Bme  Later  Bme    

Void  0

Photons  lose  energy:  cold  spot  

Photons  gain  energy:  hot  spot  

Modified  from  the  webpage  of  Istvan  Szapudi  

PotenBal  

PotenBal  PotenBal  

12  

∆T (n̂) =2

c2T0

�Φ̇(t, n̂)dt

Granec  et  al.  (2008)  

12  

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•  hcp://arxiv.org/abs/0801.0642  

50  super  voids/clusters  (ZOBOV)  from  SDSS  DR6,  LRG  Mega-­‐Z  catalogue,  z  ~  0.4-­‐0.75  

Granec  et  al.  2008  

13  Y.  Cai  

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Reproducing  Granec  et  al.  2008  

Stacking  of  voids/clusters  

Stacked  CMB  temperature  from  WMAP5  V-­‐band,  using  50  voids  and  50  clusters  posiBons  from  SDSS  galaxy    Weak  frequency  dependence  

hot  spot  surrounded  by  cold  ring  cold  spot  surrounded  by  hot  ring  

T_filtered  ~  -­‐10  muK   T_filtered  ~  8  muK  

14  Y.  Cai  

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 A  4sigma  detecBon,  a  problem?  

Stacked  CMB  temperature,  filtered  by  compensated  filter  of  4-­‐deg  radius,  R~100  Mpc/h  at  z~0.5      

The  same  stacking  on  the  reconstructed  ISW  map  from  galaxy  density  field  find  no  signal  Granec  et  al.  (2009)  

a  tension?    what’s  missing?    

If  ISW,  the  amplitude  (~10  muK)  is  too  high  compared  to  LCDM  expectaBon  (3-­‐sigma?),  e.g.  Granec  et  al.  (2008),  Papai  et  al.  (2011),  Nadathur  et  al.  (2012),  Flender  et  al.  (2013),  Hernandez-­‐Monteagudo  &  Smith  (2013)  

15  Y.  Cai  

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Possible  way  out  

•  A.)  If  the  signal  is  real,  can  it  be  accommodated  by  alternaBve  models?  

•  B.)  Does  similar  signal  exist  in  other  dataset?  

Y.  Cai   16  

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Stacking  voids  for  the  ISW  

Cai  et  al.  2014a  

LCDM  and  f(R)  simulaBons  of  the  same  expansion  history,  L=1.5  Gpc/h    Voids  and  superclusters  from  ZOBOV  by  Neyrinck  et  al.  (2005,  2008)  

17  Y.  Cai  

GR!f(R)! f(R) - GR!

17  

ISW  cold  spot  is  colder  in  f(R)  

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Stacking  Superclusters  for  the  ISW  

18  Y.  Cai  

•   ISW  hot  spot  is  less  hot  in  f(R)  •   Rule  out  the  possibility  of  generaBng  Granec08  results  in  f(R)  model  

f(R)! GR! f(R) - GR!

Cai  et  al.  2014a  

18  

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Top-­‐hat  filtered  temperature  

Y.  Cai   19  Cai  et  al.  2014a  

 Filtered  ISW  signal  differs  by  no  more  than  20%  between  f(R)  and  GR  

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Possible  way  out  

•  A.)  If  the  signal  is  real,  can  it  be  accommodated  by  alternaBve  models?  

•  B.)  Does  similar  signal  exist  in  other  dataset?  

Y.  Cai   20  

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Void  in  Cloud  –  ContracBng  

21  Y.  Cai  

•   Small  voids  are  more  likely  to  reside  in  overdense  environment;  •   Stacking  void-­‐in-­‐clouds  yield  an  ISW  hot  spot,  rather  than  a  cold  spot!  

void  radius  

normalized void radius

void radius rv[Mpc/h]

Cai  et  al.  2014b  

21  

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Void  in  Void  –  Expanding  

22  Y.  Cai  

ISW  stacking  using  simulated  SDSS  DR7  voids  The  opBmal  top-­‐hat  filter  size  is  NOT  the  void  radius,  but  0.6  of  void  radius    

void radius rv[Mpc/h]

normalized void radius

Cai  et  al.  2014b  

22  

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DR7  voids,  how  to  clean  the  sample  

SimulaBons:  

Omega_m  =0.24    Omega_L  =  0.76    n_s  =  0.958    Sigma_8  =  0.77  h  =  0.73  

Different  boxsizes  and  mass  resoluBon  to  match  the  number  density  of  galaxies  in  SDSS  

rcut = [20, 25, 30, 35, 45, 65]Mpc/hFor  the  SDSS  sub-­‐samples  

23  Cai  et  al.  2014b  

void radius rv[Mpc/h]

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2.2σ

CumulaBve  signal  

24  

Cai  et  al.  2014b  

•  1521  voids  at    0<z<0.44  from    SDSS  DR7  galaxy  sample  using  ZOBOV  

•  Clean  off  2/3  voids  that  are  likely  to  be  void-­‐in-­‐cloud  or  noise      

•  2.2sigma,  not  as  significant  as  Granec08    

24  

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Varying  filter  size  

Y.  Cai   25  

Cai  et  al.  2043b  

filter size / void radius

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64%  

88%  

96%  

99%  

Prob

ability  of  void  relaBve  to  Poisson

   

     -­‐15            -­‐10                  -­‐5                    0                      5                    10                15        

rcut/rcut,default26  Y.  Cai  

Cai  et  al.  2014b  

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Larger  voids  have  more  signal  

rcut/rcut,default27  Y.  Cai  

Cai  et  al.  2014b  

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Larger  voids  have  more  signal  

Num

ber  of  voids  

rcut/rcut,default28  Y.  Cai  

Cai  et  al.  2013b  

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2013  

29  Y.  Cai  

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Ade  et  al.  2013,    arXiv:  1303.5079  

30  Y.  Cai  

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Summary    

•  Voids  are  potenBally  powerful  in  disBnguishing  GR  from  MG;    

•  Mapping  between  model  and  simulaBon/observaBon  is  needed  •   ISW  cold  spot  is  colder,  and  hot  spot  is  less  hot  in  f(R)  model  

•  2-­‐sigma  indicaBon  of  an  ISW  signal  when  stacking  SDSS  DR7  voids  •  No  strong  ISW  as  in  Granec08  is  found  at  z<0.4  from  SDSS  DR7  

31  

1.  ‘Voids  in  Modified  Gravity:  Excursion  Set  Predic;ons'                Joseph  Clampic,  Yan-­‐Chuan  Cai  &  Baojiu  Li                MNRAS,  2013,431,749C  

2.  ‘A  Possible  Cold  Imprint  of  Voids  on  the  Microwave  Background  Radia;on'                Yan-­‐Chuan  Cai,  Mark  Neyrinck,  Istvan  Szapudi,  Shaun  Cole  &  Carlos  Frenk                arXiv:  1301.6136,  ApJ,  in  press  

3.  ‘The  Integrated  Sachs-­‐Wolfe  effect  in  f(R)  gravity'                Yan-­‐Chuan  Cai,  Baojiu  Li,  Shaun  Cole,  Carlos  Frenk  &  Mark  Neyrinck                MNRAS,  2014,  439,  2978  

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Thank  you!  

32  Y.  Cai