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BI GING :

AUTOCAD NNG CAO V

LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD

Ngi lp : Trn anh Bnh

Sch tham kho : AutoCAD 2004 Bible Wileys & Sons

Mastering in AutoCAD 2000 George Omura

AutoCAD 2004 For Dummies John Wiley & Sons

AutoCAD 2000 (1,2) KTS.Lu Triu Nguyn.

AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.

Cc tin ch thit k trn AutoCAD TS.Nguyn Hu Lc. Nguyn Thanh Trung.

AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.

AutoCAD 2004 Activex and VBA KS.Hong Thnh An.

S tit ging : 45 Tit

AutoCAD nng cao : 45 tit L thuyt : 30 tit Thc hnh : 5 bui (5x3=15 tit)

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PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)

I. Quy nh v bn v. 1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v 2. Cc khng gian trong CAD

3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v 4. Mt s quy nh chung

4.1. Khung v t l bn v 4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch

II. Thit lp mi trng v. 1. Text style.

2. Layer.

3. Dimesion Style.

4. Hatch.

5. Lnh LineType. 6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.

6.1. Block

6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block 6.3. Qun l cc block.

7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate. 8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option

III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)

I. Lm vic vi Layout 1. Paper Space

2. Cc thao tc trn Viewport ca Paper Space 2.1. T o cc Viewport 2.2. C t xn ng bao Viewport 2.3. T l trong tng Viewport 2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport 2.5. n hin viewport 2.6. n hin ng bao viewport 2.7. Scale LineType

2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport 3. Cc ch khi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v

II. iu hi n in n. 1. Khai bo thit b in. 2. In ra file *.PLT

Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I. Tham ho ngoi 1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.

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2. Ch n mt xref vo bn v 3. M mt xref t bn v chnh 4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh.

4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit). 4.2. Thm, b bt cc i tng kh i working set (Lnh refset). 4.3. Lnh refclose 4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.

5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref. 5.1. Xref v cc thnh ph n hin ph thuc. 5.2. Xref v lp. 5.3. Lnh Xbin. 5.4. Tham chiu v ng. 5.5. Xn cc xref. 5.6. T ng tc hin th ca cc xref ln.

6. Qun l xref 6.1. ng d n ca cc xref. 6.2. Xref notification

6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.

6.4. File bin bn (log) ca xref.

II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Wor ing with External Database) 1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD. 2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu. 3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC. 4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD. 5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD 6. T o cc m u kt ni. 7. T o, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni. 8. Quan st cc kt ni. 9. T o m u nhn. 10. T o nhn. 11. S d ng query truy tm d liu

11.1. S d ng Quick Query 11.2. S d ng Range Query 11.3. S d ng Range Query 11.4. S d ng Link Select

III. Lm vic vi Raster Image 1. Tng quan 2. Ch n nh (inserting images 3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images) 4. C t xn nh (Clipping images) 5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)

5.1. iu khin hin th 5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality) 5.3. Image transparency

5.4. Bt t t ng bao ca nh (Image frame)

IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects 1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD

2. Linking data

3. Pasting data into AutoCAD

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Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)

I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit) 1. Khi nim v Shape. 2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.

2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).

2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)

II. To font ch 1. T o font ch SHX. 2. T o big font. 3. T o big font t file m rng.

III. To cc dng ng (file linetype) 1. Khi nim v phn lo i d ng ng. 2. T o cc d ng ng n gin.

2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype. 2.2. T o linetype bng cch so n tho trc tip trong .LIN

IV. Dng ng phc cha i tng shape 1. D ng ng phc c cha i tng ch.

V. To cc mu mt ct. 1. File m u mt c t. 2. T o m u mt c t n gin. 3. T o cc m u mt c t phc t p.

VI. Menu. 1. Menu v file menu.

1.1. Cc lo i menu 1.2. Cc lo i file menu 1.3. Ti, g b mt menu

2. Ty bin mt menu 2.1. Cu tr c mt file menu 2.2. Menu Macro

2.3. Pull-down Menu

2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu 2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu 2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu 2.3.4. Ch n v lo i b Pull-down menu trn menubar

2.4. Shortcut menu.

2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.

2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu 2.5.2. T o cc AUX menu. 2.5.3. Menu swaping.

2.6. Image Tile menus

2.6.1. Section ca Image menu 2.6.2. M t m c chn ca menu hnh nh 2.6.3. Gi hin th cc menu hnh nh 2.6.4. Slide v th vin slide.

2.7. Menu mn hnh.

2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh. 2.8. Chui ch thch thanh tr ng thi.

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2.8.1. Section ca o n m t chui ch thch. 2.8.2. M t chui ch thch.

2.9. T o cc phm t t. 2.9.1. Section ca o n m t cc phm t t 2.9.2. T o phm t t

VII. Toolbar 1. cch t o toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar

1.1. T o Toolbar 1.2. T o n t lnh mi 1.3. Sa n t lnh 1.4. T o mt Flyout

2. Cch t o toolbars bng cch so n tho trong file *.mnu 2.1. D ng m t tng qut thanh cng c 2.2. D ng m t lo i n t lnh Button 2.3. D ng m t lo i n t lnh Flyout. 2.4. Dong m t n t lnh Control.

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PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO. Sinh vin lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc. Nhng

ph n ln SV mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn. Ph n AutoCAD nng cao s t o cho sinh vin bit cch b c c, trnh by bn v mt cch chuyn nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)

I. Quy nh v bn v.

1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v

Hnh d ng

Vt liu (b tng, g ,)

Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc trn bn v)

T l

ng nt (thy khut)

2. Cc khng gian trong CAD CAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space. Model Space

L khng gian giy v

Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny. Paper Space

Cng l mt khng gian v.

Trong paper space (PS), b n c th ch n title block, t o cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.

Trong PS b n c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi cnh kin trc)

3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v

Gi p ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.

Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh tiu chun v, m u ha trong nhiu khu

Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, m ch l c.

Thnh qu lao ng c ti s d ng l i mt cch chuyn nghip hn

4. Mt s quy nh chung

4.1. Khung v t l bn v C 2 cch v :

V t do : ko nh gii h n bn v

V theo khung : Bn v c gii h n theo kh giy (lnh Limits) Cc lo i khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4 T l bn v l t l gia kch thc trn bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C cc

cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :

V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn Model Space)

V theo t l bn v. Gi nguyn khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn layout)

V theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)

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Lnh MVSetup.

4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch Quy nh v ng nt khi in :

Nt lin mnh (ng bao d m, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :

Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt c t qua,) :

Nt hach

Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s d ng SHX) :

Nt ca ng ghi ch v kch thc : Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t l

m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi ch , chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v d v chiu cao ch v t l bn v)

Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.

Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm

Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm

II. Thit lp mi trng v.

1. Text style. Command : STyle

Style name : Tn style

New, rename, delete : T o mi, thay i tn v xa mt kiu ch (Text style) Font

Font name : Tn phng

font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font

Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AutoCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao ny trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AutoCAD s ly chiu cao nhp vo khi chn text

Effects

Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang

Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng

Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng

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Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.

Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch. Preview : xem trc cc nh d ng chn.

2. Layer.

Command : Layer Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :

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Filter :

T o mt filter (n vo n t new filter)

Filter name : Tn ca nhm lc. Filter definition

Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer)

Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ? thay th cho mt k t.

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On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca layer.

Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc. Nu d ng lnh nhiu hn mt d ng c coi l iu kin hoc.

Group Layer :

T o tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi t o khng bao gm cc layer trong bn v. Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th t o tng b lc layer khc nhau.

Khi ta ch n mt block hay ch n mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng ch n thm group layer.

Layer States Manager

Ta c th xut cc nh d ng layer ra file cha layer *.LAS

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Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi ph c l i n bng cch import l i cc thuc tnh c lu l i trong file *.LAS. Ch cc layer b xa i th s khng khi ph c l i c.

Cc thuc tnh c khi ph c l i c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore. (Frezen : qu kh ca freeze ng b ng, Thaw : s tan b ng )

Turn off layers not found in layer state : T t tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file *.LAS khi khi ph c l i thuc tnh.

3. Dimesion Style.

Command : DIMSTYLE

Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh. New : T o mi Dimstyle. Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle. Override : Dng khi mun gn chng t m thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch

thc c chn. Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 lo i Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.

Hp tho i tao new :

Hp thoi Use for : Lo i kch c p d ng trong khi o

All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc.

Linear : Kch thc thng.

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Angular : o gc

Radius : o bn knh

Diameter : o ng knh.

Ordinate : Ta im

Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.

Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)

Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging khi ta chn arrowheads l gch cho.

Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc song song.

Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th hai. M t trong hnh v di y :

Frame Dimension Line:

Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.

Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.

Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.

M t trong hnh v di y.

Arrowheads : (Mi tn)

1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht.

2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai.

Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch.

Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi.

Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm) Type : D ng du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none). Size : kch thc du tm.

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Text Appearance:

Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin bng text style trong [] bn cnh text style.

Text color : Mu ch

Fill color : mu nn ca ch.

Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.

Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch thc.

Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Text Placement :

Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng. Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc. Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc. Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht. JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu

chun Nht.

Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang. Centered : nm gia hai ng ging. 1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong cch

t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Offset from dim line

Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2 mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2 nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn s ny thnh dng.

Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.

Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.

Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.

ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai ng ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.

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Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng kch

thc theo ng v tr quy nh m c trc. C n nu khng ch trng ghi text th text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :

Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best : Khi ch trng th text v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho text th mi tn s c v ra ngoi. Khi ch ch cho mi tn th text s c v ra ngoi.

Arrows : Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging c n

ch th c v ra ngoi. Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.

Text : Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging. Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging c n mi

tn th c v ra ngoi. Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.

Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s c v ra ngoi.

Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai ng ging.

Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin mi tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.

Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn ch ng ra kh i v tr mc nh

Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.

Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km theo mt ng d n.

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Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc m km theo bt k mt ng dn no.

Scale for Dimension Features :

Use overall scale of : Phng ton b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi tr ch s o c khng b thay i.

Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu sau.

Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.

Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr sau mi ln o.

Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm gia hai ng ging.

Linear Dimensions : gn d ng v n v cho kch thc di

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc, ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal.

Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.

Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.

Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn thp phn v phn nguyn.

Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15

Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c. Measurement Scale :

Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin th trong dim.

Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nhgin cu y Zero suppression :

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Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

Angular Dimensions :

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.

Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c. Zero suppression :

Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

Alternate units : gn cc n v lin kt. Gn d ng v chnh xc n v chiu di,

gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt (gia inch v minimeter)

Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l d ng kch thc nh k m vi kch thc lin kt chnh, v d nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, c n kch thc lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt ph l kch thc i k m gii thch cho kch thc chnh)

Alternate units

Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.

Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m bn chn.

Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v kch thc lin kt.

Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt

Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.

Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt. Zero suppression :

Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt

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After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt chnh.

Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh d ng ca cc ch s dung sai. Tolerance Fomat

Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc.

None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi tr dung sai.

Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai. Khi sai lch gii h n trn v sai lch gii h n di s c gi tr tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch c n nhp gi tr vo upper value.

Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch gii hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value.

Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch thc danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch thc gii hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower value) .

Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t ch s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc n ng kch thc khi khng chn m c ny.

Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.

Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.

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Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di. Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch

thc. Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai

d ng symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).

Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin kt.

Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt. Zero suppression :

Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25 Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50 2.5

4. Hatch.

Command : BHATCH

Th Hatch Type : C 3 m u mt c t :

Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American National Standards Institute), ISO (International

Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined

Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT

User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.

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Swatch (m u mt c t) : Hin h m u mt c t chn. Nu chn m u mt c t l Solid th swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.

Custom pattern : Chn cc m u la chn cha trong file .PAT Pattern : Chn cc m u c s n trong file ACAD.PAT Angle : Gc nghing ca hatch Scale : T l phng Iso pen with : Nu chn m u theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca b t khi xut

bn v ra giy Double : Ch c tc d ng khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php ta

t o thm cc ng mt c t vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung lin tip nhau. Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn. Remove Island : B i mt vng nh trong vng chn Inherit Properties : Ly m u mt c t t mt hatch t trn bn v Associative : Nu chn m c ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bin. C

th l khi ta di chuyn ng bin hay mt object bn trong hatch, Hatch s t ng thay i bm ly cc object v boundary.

Th Advanced Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt c t nh m t trong hnh k m theo :

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Object type (m u mt c t) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi hatch s tr thnh d ng polyline hoc Region..

Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point. Current viewport : Ch gii h n trong ca s nhn

hin hnh. Chn new chn mt gii h n cho lnh pick point.

Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set

Island detection method : m t cch xc nh cc island.

Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.

Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h.

One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.

Tint : Mu nh.

Shade : Mu m.

Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn.

Center : ng tm.

Angle : gc quay ca mu.

5. Lnh LineType.

Command : Linetype

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Hp thoi LineType Manager.

Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng thng ( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)

Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng sp v s c t l dng ng l 1.

Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l ph nh ca hp filter .

6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Bloc .

6.1. Block Command : block.

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Name : Ti a 255 k t. Object.

Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit

Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.

Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block. Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon. Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i t

l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v. Description :

Hyperlink :

6.2. Thuc tnh ca Bloc nh ngha thuc tnh Thuc tnh l thnh ph n ca mt block c th l d ng ch nh k m theo khi (block).

N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc d ng nh c hin th khi ch n block vi thuc tnh. To thuc tnh cho hi. Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi

thc hin lnh Attdef hp tho i sau s hin ln :

22

Cc la chn ca hp tho i Attribute Definition nh sau : Mode :

Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v gi tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present.

Invisible : sau ki ch n block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn mn hnh. La chn ny s gi p cho vic ti t o bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c th iu khin l i s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i l i la chn trong lnh Attdisp.

Constant : cc gi tr thuc tnh s khng thay i. Khi so n tho Prompt trn vng attribute s c che i.

Verify : khi ch n block cng cc thuc tnh th d ng nh c thm tra l i s chnh xc ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.

Preset : AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s d ng lnh insert ch n, tuy nhin thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit.

Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). B n c th nhp ti a 256k t, Du g ch ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu b n mun nhp k t \ th phi nhp hai k t g ch cho c nh nhau.

Tag : Xc nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngo i tr du cch v du chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.

Prompt : nh d ng nh c thuc tnh, s c hin th khi b n mun ch n block cha thuc tnh. Nu b n chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln.

Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.

Insertion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point nh v tr im trc tip ch n trn bn v.

Text options : gn cc nh d ng k t cho ch (attribute text).

Justification : nh im canh l cho d ng ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DText)

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Text Style : nh kiu ch cho d ng ch thuc tnh.

Height : nh chiu cao ca d ng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc chn height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu b n nhp chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.

Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho d ng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo rotaion. Nu b n chn Align hoc fit trn danh sch justufication th la chn ny s c che m i.

Align below previous attribute definition : s p xp cc attribute tag ngay bn di thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh). Nu trc b n cha t o bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.

Hiu chnh cc nh ngha thuc tnh. Lnh Ddedit (vit t t ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :

B n c th chnh l i cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n n t OK. Ngoi ra ta c th s d ng lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c.

Gn thuc tnh cho bloc . gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l

khi t o block ta chn thm nh ngha. Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc d ng nh c khi b n ch n block

vi thuc tnh bng lnh insert. Ch n block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v. Ch n block c thuc tnh bng lnh insert cng nh ch n block bnh thng. Tuy nhin

nu bin ATTDIA = 1 th xut hin hp tho i Enter Attributes, trn hp tho i ny ta nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh. Ph thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m ta c s lng cc TextBox nhiu hay t. Ngc l i nu ATTDIA = 0 th hp tho i ny s khng c hin ln. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di d ng lnh.

24

Ximang

ViNaComex

14 iu hi n s hi n th ca cc thuc tnh. Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block t i bn v hin hnh. Bin

ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh ny s khng c hin th ln. Vic t t s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng c n hit s lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.

Command: attdisp

Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] : of

Regenerating model.

Cp nht thay i. Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc thuc

tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block. V d khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha l i block. Dng lnh AttSync

update l i cc thuc tnh ca block.

Command: attsync

Enter an option [?/Name/Select] : ?

25

Attributed blocks: 123

Enter an option [?/Name/Select] : N

Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123

Chn block c n cp nht chn select. Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c. Ch nh tn ca block c n cp nht chn Name.

Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca bloc . Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Attedit Lnh Attedit cho php b n hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block ch n vo trong bn

v. Khi nh lnh ny hp tho i Edit Attribute s hin ln. Tuy nhin lnh ny ch cho php hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ring l.

Lnh -Attedit

Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] : N Sa nhiu thuc tnh mt l c Performing global editing of attribute values.

Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] :

Enter block name specification : Chn tt c cc block Enter attribute tag specification :

Enter attribute value specification :

Select Attributes: 1 found chn Ximang ca block th nht.

Select Attributes: 1 found chn Thep ca block th hai. Select Attributes: 1 found Chn Ximang ca block th ba

Select Attributes:

3 attributes selected.

Enter string to change: Ximang Thay nhng chui l Ximang thnh chui Cat Enter new string: Cat

26

Trc khi hiu chnh

Ximang

ViNaComex

12

Ximang

ViNaComex

21

Thep

Viet Uc

25

Sau khi hiu chnh

Cat

ViNaComex

12

Cat

ViNaComex

21

Thep

Viet Uc

25 Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Eattedit. Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp tho i Enhanced Attribute Editor c hin

th :

Command: Ettedit

Select block reference:

Nu block b n chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block th xut hin d ng thng bo li. B n phi chn l i block khc.

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Select Block : chn block trn bn v. Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.

Attribute :

Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh

Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.

Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp tho i t o thuc tnh cho block.

TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.

Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.

Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.

Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.

Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.

Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.

Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing d ng ch thuc tnh.

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Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, d ng ng, mu,.

Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh

LineType : ch nh dng ng.

Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.

Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin hnh l kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.

LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.

Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh. S d ng lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block. Khi

nh lnh Battman hp tho i Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :

Chn Edit th hp tho i Edit Attribute s hin ln nh sau :

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Th Attribute : nh trnh by trong m c t o thuc tnh. Data : B n c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.

Th Text Options : chn cc nh d ng v ch.

Backwards : i xng theo phng thng ng

Upside down: i xng theo phng ngang.

Cc la chn khc nh trong phn to thuc tnh ca khi.

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Th Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,

Nu chn setting th hp tho i setting s hin ln nh sau

Trch thng tin thuc tnh. Sau khi t o v ch n block vi thuc tnh vo bn v, ta c th trch thng tin ca block

ra file nh d ng ACII (.TXT). Cc thng ny c th c s d ng bi mt s ph n mm khc.

Lnh Attext (Attribute Extaction).

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Format file : chn cc nh d ng format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh by di y.

Select Object : chn cc block c n trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th hin trong Number found.

Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.

File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file). Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh ngha

trong file m u. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh d ng ca file m u (format file).

Comma delimited file (CDF)

Space delimited file (SDF)

DXF Format Extract File (DXX)

CDF l nh d ng trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt record. Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.

SDF l nh d ng t o ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no gia cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.

DXX l nh d ng t o nn tp hp con nh d ng file trao i bn v ca AutoCAD trong DXX l mt ph n nh ca DXF. File DXX khng i h i file nh d ng v n theo nh d ng ca DXF file.

Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh. File m u c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location,

ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file m u, AutoCAD s s d ng t o ra cc file thng tin ca block.

V d file m u di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block. Field Format Explanation BL: LEVEL NWWW000 Mc block lng nhau BL: NAME CWWW000 Tn block

BL: X NWWWPPP Honh X im ch n BL: Y NWWWPPP Tung Y im ch n

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BL: Z NWWWPPP Cao Z im ch n BL: NUMBER NWWW000 Block counter

BL: HANDLE CWWW000 Block handle

BL: LAYER CWWW000 Tn layer khi chn block

BL: ORIENT NWWWPPP Gc quay ca block BL: XSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo tr c X BL: YSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo tr c Y BL: ZSCALE NWWWPPP T l phng theo tr c Z BL: XEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh ph n X ca hng dn ra ca block. BL: YEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh ph n Y dng trong v 3D BL: ZEXTRUDE NWWWPPP Thnh Ph n Z BL: SPACE CWWWPPP Ch n mt khong trng vo v tr ny.

Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta c n c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i k m ca block (Attributes tag) nh v d sau :

Attribute tag Format

Hang CWWWPPP

Soluong NWWW000

Gii thch nh d ng m t (Fomat) : TWWWPPP

T : k t u tin s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N : number).

WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm phn cch gia ph n thp phn v ph n nguyn).

PPP : chnh xc i vi s c n i vi tt c cc k t ta dng 000.

V d N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr c th ln ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v 002 cho php ly chnh xc ti 2 ch s thp phn).

V d v file mu . S d ng trnh so n tho NotePad t o ra file

vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :

BL : NAME C004000

BL : X N008002

BL : Y N008002

BL : SPACE C002000

TENVL C012000

HANG C006000

KHOILUONG N008000

Khi file trch thng tin ca ta c d ng nh sau :

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Xut thng tin thuc tnh bloc b ng lnh Eattext nh lnh Eattext, hp tho i Attribute Extraction wizard hin ln :

Drawings

Select object : chn mt hoc nhiu block.

Current drawing : chn tt c cc thuc tnh ca tt c cc block c trong bn v.

Select drawing : chn bn v khc. Drawing files : ng d n ca file cha block c n trch thng tin.

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Include xrefs : bao gm cc thng tin thuc tnh ca cc tham kho ngoi. Include nested blocks : bao gm cc thng tin ca cc block lng.

Use template : s d ng cc dnh d ng m u (file template). No template : khng s d ng cc dnh d ng m u (file template).

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Chn cc thng tin c n trch ra trong hp attributes for block. Chn cc block s trch thng tin trong hp blocks.

Chn anternate view chuyn i gia cc kiu nhn.

Ghi l i cc thit lp va thao tc l n sau dng l i. File template c d ng *.BLK

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Ta c th ghi l i cc thng tin trch di d ng cc file khc nhau. V d nh Excel :

6.3. Qun l cc bloc . S dng Acad Design Center Ta c th s d ng ca s acad Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc block

t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh. S dng chc n ng o th ca Window Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s d ng chc n ng ko th cc icon (cc

file ca AutoCAD) ch n vo bn v. Cc bn v c ch n vo nh l mt i tng block.

7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.

8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option

III. Gii thiu Express Tools.

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Chng 2 : LAYOUT V IN N (6 tit)

I. Lm vic vi Layout

1. Paper Space Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)

AutoCad cho php b n chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. B n c th hin th cc vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . M c ch ph c v cho vic quan st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).

Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport :

Khng quant trng l b n c bao nhiu khung nhn, ch ng lun lun c s p sp c nh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh

T i mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c vin m

Crosshair ch xut hin trn Active viewport

UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin t i tt c cc khung nhn

S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s c th hin trn cc khung nhn c n l i.

AutoCAD cho php b n t o ra ti a 96 khung nhn

B n c th b t u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt th c lnh mt khung nhn khc.

Ngoi ra b n c n c th ghi l i cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, ph c v cho m c ch khi ph c l i cc khung nhn nu mun.

Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport) Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), b n ch s d ng n khi mun th hin

mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV) trong mt PS. Tuy nhin b n c th t o ra nhiu hn mt nu b n mun.

FV c mt s c tnh sau

Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, b n c th xo, move v stretch n. B n c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v c n c th bt t t ch hin th ng bao ca n. Ch ng khng in y mn hnh nh TV m b n c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca ch ng.

Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi h n trong mt vng nhn ng.

B n c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng FV

B n c th t o nhiu FV trong PS v ch ng s c lu l i cng vi bn v.

Tt c nhng g b n v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri l i, nhng g b n v trn PS ch tn t i trn PS, khng tn t i trn bn v khi b n tr v MS.

Sau khi b n v xong trong MS, b n chuyn sang PS v. Trn khng gian PS b n c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo FV. Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV.

Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space. Trong paper space (PS), b n c th ch n title block, t o cc layout viewport, dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.

PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport).

Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s d ng PS trong trng hp

C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (V k thut XD).

Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin tr c).

Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong c u ng)

38

Cc bc

u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS

Sau chuyn sang PS ch n cc Note, dimension v cc leader. Cc thao tc vi PS Trong PS b n cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block. Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy nhin

n s c tn khc nu b n s d ng cc template khc. B n c th t o mt layout bng cc cch sau : Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau. S d ng chc n ng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n. Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)

Add a new Layout

Click insert menuLayout New Layout. Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.

A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.

To import a layout from a template

Click Insert menuLayoutLayout from Template. In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from

Click Open.

In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.

A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.

To create a layout using a wizard

Click Insert menu Layout Layout Wizard. On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the

new layout.

Trong PS, Bn c ng c th : Duplicate a layout

Rename a layout

Delete a layout

Rearrange layout tabs

Make a layout current

Sctivate the previous layout

Click Select All Layouts.

Plot a layout

2. Cc thao tc tr n Viewport ca Paper Space

2.1. To cc Viewport u tin b n chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW. Trong Layout, b n c th t o nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, b n c th b tr, s p

xp cc viewport theo m c ch ca b n. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php b n t o ti a l 64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h thng MAXACTVP.

Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space. Ngoi ra ta c n c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t l t sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE sau chn viewport m tat ham c n hiu chnh.

S d ng chc n ng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l nh mong mun.. T i y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca m trng Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi l i trong Model Space.

quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.

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2.2. Ct xn ng bao Viewport Autocad cho php b n c t xn cc ng bin ca viewport ph c v cho cc m c

ch ring ca b n. Lnh Vclip cho php b n c t xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon bt k. C php nh sau :

T i d ng lnh nh vpclip. Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport c n c t xn. Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin c t

xn trc . Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P t o ng bin a gic c t xn mi. Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.

Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then

choose Viewport Clip

2.3. T l trong tng Viewport

B n c th t t l trong tng viewport bng lnh zoom nh ni trn, tuy nhin t vi mt t l chnh xc bng cch thay i t l ca viewport trong ca s Propertie (Ctrl_1).

V d : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong MiscCustom : 0.04. Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, b n chuyn la chn Display locked

2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.

Ct th 4 (Freeze) : c chc n ng ng (tan) b ng cho tt c cc viewport. Ct th 12 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc n ng ng (tan) b ng cho tng viewport. Ct th 13 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc n ng ng (tan) b ng cho tt c cc viewport

mi s p c t o.

2.5. n hin viewport n hin viewport ph thuc vo tr ng thi thng s On trong

th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca ca s viewport.

40

2.6. n hin ng bao viewport n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, b n t o ra mt layer mi cha ng bao ca

viewport m b n mun n hin n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s ph thuc vo tr ng thi bt t t ca layer cha ng bao.

2.7. Scale LineType Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin h thng Psltscale. PsLtScale = 1 : t l d ng ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport. PsLtScale = 0 : t l d ng ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho d

b n c phng in t l bao nhiu i ch ng na.

2.8. Cc hiu chnh hc i vi Viewport Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, t o khung nhn mi,

chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup.

3. Cc ch hi in nhiu t l trong mt bn v u tin t o cc Dim c bn. Cc dimstyle khc s c t o da trn dimstyle c

bn ban u, bng cch thay i . C n ch khi o kch thc, khong cch t dim n i tng dim phi ph hp

vi t l in ca i tng . Cc thit lp Page setup ging nh trong Plot (xem ph n sau). Kt lun : Nhn chung, i vi bn v c n in n vi t l tuyt i chnh xc, cc bn v

kin tr c c n c t xn khung nhn th nn dng Paper space. C n i vi bn v bnh thng th khng c n v trn Paper Space

II. iu hi n in n. Trong cc cng ty nh , sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguyn c bn v

mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in. Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in.

thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s t o ra mt file c ui l *.ctb nm trong th m c C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot

Styles, sau s lu file ny l i v copy cho tt c mi thnh vin trong cng ty. (file ny ta s nghin cu k hn ph n sau)

i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt xng in. Ngi ta s in bn v ra di d ng file c ui *.PLT. File ny c th in bt k my in no m khng c n n ph n mm AutoCad. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc file v n bn sang *.PDF in n. i vi cc lo i file ny, ta khng c n quan tm n font, ng nt. V ung nt c t khi ra in ra file.

1. Khai bo thit b in.

41

in n, vo menu file Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp tho i Plot hin ra nh sau :

Trong m c Page setupname l tn ca Page setup. B n c th import Page setup t cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi b n khai bo xong tt c cc thng s bn di, b n n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong bn v ca b n.

Chn my in trong m c Printer/plot. Chn kch kh giy Paper size. Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty theo

m c ch s d ng ca ngi in. Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v. Extents : vng in l c bn v. Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v Window : vng in l mt ca s m b n s nh ngha sau . iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area) Xem trc khi in trong m c Preview. iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale. iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong m c Drawing orientation. iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh. Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th

ng bao ca i tng) Hiden : b qua nhng i tng, nhng ng

bao b che khut bi mt i tng khc.

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Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi xut bn. Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l ph n quan trng nht. V d chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th m c

C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot

Styles.

Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c s n :

t o mi, b n chn new. Hp tho i new hin ln nh sau : Chn Start from scratch.

43

My s t o ra file test.ctb

Bn vo n t Plot style table editor hiu chnh nt in

44

Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu b n khng in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en.

2. In ra file *.PLT

Ch c n tch vo n t , sau bm n t lnh Plot, my s h i tn file vo ng d n ca file *.plt.

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Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I. Tham ho ngoi

1. Gii thiu v tham ho ngoi. Tham kho ngoi l s lin kt mt bn v bt k (c gi l bn v chnh) vi mt

hay nhiu bn v khc (gi l bant v xref External references). Nu ta ch n mt bn v vo trong mt bn v th bn v c ch n s c nh d ng l mt Block v s c lu cng vi bn v chnh. Nu ta chnh bn v c ch n th block s khng c cp nht l i. Nu ta ch n mt bn v vo trong nhiu bn v khc di d ng block th vic cp nht block khi block c vi s thay i s rt mt thi gian v ta phi thay i l i cc block trong tt c cc file ch n.

Nhng nhc im trn s c kh c ph c th ta dng chc n ng tham kho ngoi ca AutoCAD. Khi bn v tham kho s c lu ring, khi bn v tham kho thay i th tt c cc bn v tham kho n n s t ng thay i theo. Vic dng tham kho ngoi rt hu ch khi lm vic vi nhng d n ln. c bit l khi ta chia s ti nguyn bn v trn m ng.

2. Ch n mt xref vo bn v Lnh Xattach

Lnh Xattach cho php ta ch n mt bn v vo bn v chnh di d ng tham kho ngoi.

Command : Xattach

Hp tho i Select reference file hin ln. Ta chn file c n ch n vo bn v chnh. Sau kich Open, hp tho i External Reference hin ln :

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Browse : Thay i bn v ch n vo. Found in : ng d n ca bn v xref. Path type : quy nh kiu ng d n l tuyt i hay tng

i, hay khng k m theo ng d n. Cc la chn ny quy nh Save path. B n c c th kim tra kt qu ca tng la chn ca mnh trong Save path.

Reference Type : kiu ch n

Attachement : cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau.

Overlay : khng cho php hin th cc xref lng nhau. Cc la chn v Intertion Point, Scale v Rotation tng t nh lnh insert.

Lnh Xref. Lnh xref ch n mt bn v tham kho ngoi (bn v xref) vo trong bn v chnh.

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N t Tree View cho php ta nhn cu tr c cy ca xref. Danh sch c lit k theo bng ch ci. Cc xref lng c s p xp theo mc lng (hnh cy).

Attach : ch n mt xref vo bn v chnh. Khi n vo n t lnh ny th hp tho i External Reference hin ln (nh trnh by trn).

Deattach : hy b xref c chn. Bn v s nh i rt nhiu

Reload : c l i file xref. Thng s d ng khi file xref va c s thay i

Unload : G b xref c chn ra kh i bn v. Khc vi Deattach, Unload v n lu l i ng d n ca file xref. Nu ta mun c l i file ny ch vic n vo n t Reload.

Bind : Quy nh s rng buc ca xref vi bn v chnh. Bm vo hp tho i s hin ln (trnh by sau)

Open : m file xref trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c th thay i file xref, sau quay l i bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong hp tho i Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref.

Thay i file bng nt Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi l i ng d n

Khi bm vo n t Xbind ca hp tho i Xref Manager th hp tho i Bind Xrefs hin ln nh sau (ph n ny cng tng ng vi vic dng lnh Xbind):

Bind : cc i tng ca bn v xref s c ni tip vo bn v chnh

Insert : cc i tng ca bn v tham kho s khng l thnh ph n ca bn v chnh.

3. M mt xref t bn v chnh Xopen

Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring. Command: Xopen

Select Xref:

Chn xref m ra ca s ring. External Reference Open

Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich n t open.

4. Hiu chnh xref t bn v chnh. T phin bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay trn bn v chnh sau

lu tr l i (Save back)

4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).

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Identify reference

Reference name : Chn tn xref c n sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng nhau. Lu l mi l n ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh v) cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng (drawing 1) ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn xref sa.

Path : Hin th ng d n ca xref m ta chn. Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn. Prompt to select nested objects : kch ho t ch chn cc object trong file tham kho

m b n mun sa.

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Setting

Create unique layer, syle, and block names :

N t ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt c cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny.

Nu n t ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh bnh thng.

Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th v ta c th sa ch ng, sau khi ta ghi l i th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i theo, cc thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta ch n cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.

Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn v chnh s b kha l i, ch ng ta khng th hiu chnh c ch ng.

Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa s m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.

Command: shademode

Current mode: 2D wireframe

Enter option [2D wireframe/3D

wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] : 2D

4.2. Th m, b bt cc i tng h i wor ing set (Lnh refset). Command: refset

Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...

Enter an option [Add/Remove] : a (chn them hay b bt bn i tng) Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found

Select objects: 1 Added to working set

4.3. Lnh refclose Sau khi hiu chnh xong bn c th ghi l i hay khng ghi l i cc thay i bng lnh

Refclose.

Command: refclose

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The following symbols will be added to Xref file:

Blocks: Ghe

Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] : s

Regenerating model.

2 objects added to test

1 xref instance updated

test redefined and reloaded

Enter option :

Save : ghi l i nhng thay i trong bn v Xref.

Discard reference changes : khng ghi l i s thay i. .

Nu b n chn ch ghi l i, xref s t ng reload l i. y l s khc bit gia lnh Xopen v lnh Refedit.

4.4. Mt s bin h thng li n quan n xref. Bin RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa. i n i : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham

kho hay khng.

0 : khng th s d ng sa i file tham kho t i bn v chnh.

1 : c th s d ng sa i tham kho t i ch. i n indType : Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho rng

buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh.

0 : theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh Xref$0$Symbol).

1 : theo phng php ging nh ch n (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh Symbol)

i n a c : Bin ny iu khin m nh t ca cc i tng khng nm trong ca s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nh t v 90% m nh t)

5. iu hi n s hi n th ca mt xref. B n c th iu khin s hin th ca cc lp c trong xref b n c th ch nhn thy

cc lp c n thit m thi. C mt s tnh n ng cho php b n iu chnh qu trnh hin th ca xref, iu khin khung nhn xref, lm t ng tc hin th ca cc xref qu ln.

5.1. Xref v cc thnh phn hi n ph thuc. Cc thnh ph n ph thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc m c c t tn trong c trong

bn v, chng h n nh lp, kiu v n bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi b n g n (Attach) mt bn v th cc thnh ph n ph thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh. V d trong layer control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh ph n ph thuc c tn theo nh d ng Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c gi p ta phn bit cc thnh ph n ca xref vi cc thnh ph n ca bn v chnh.

5.2. Xref v lp. B n c th bt t t hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. B n cng c th thay i cc thuc

tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i ny ch c tnh t m thi. Khi b n m bn v l n sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v cc xc lp l i tr l i nh ban u. Tuy nhin b n cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca b n bng cch thay i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi b n ghi bn v l i, ngha l trc b n thay i bin ny nh th no i ch ng na, trc khi ghi bn v l i AutoCAD s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi l i s thay i ca b n hay khng.

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5.3. Lnh Xbin. B n cng c th s d ng lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh ph n c n thit t bn v

tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s gi p b n c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp hp thng nht cc thnh ph n trong bn v hin hnh v xref.

Chn i tng c n chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh. Tng t ta c th lo i b cc i tng chuyn bng n t

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New boundary : d ng nh c sau s c hin ln [Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] :

Select polyline : chn mt ng Polyline s n c lm ng bao, a tuyn c th kn hoc cng c th l mt a tuyn h.

Polygonal : chn cc nh ca mt hnh a gic lm ng bao.

Rectangular : chn cc nh ca mt hnh ch nht. ON/OFF : iu chnh s hin th ca xref.

ON : s hin ln ph n ca xref nm trong ng bao

OFF : s hin ln ton b xref. Clipdepth : cho php chn mt phng xn (cliping plane) nm trc hoc sau xref

(chc n ng ny ca block cng c trong lnh Dview). Clipd depth ch dng cho v 3D. D ng nh c sau s xut hin :

Delete : la chn ny dng xa ng bao hin c, khi no ta quan st ton b xref hoc block. Lu l lnh Erase khng th xa ng bao xn.

Generate Polyline : AutoCAD s t o ra mt ng a tuyn dc theo ng bao xn. a tuyn mi s c nhiu mu, d ng ng, chiu rng nt in v cc tr ng thi ca lp hin hnh. Ta c th hiu chnh lai ng bao bng cch hiu chnh l i a tuyn ny sau chnh l i ng bao xn bng la chn Seclect polyline ca lnh Xclip.

Bin Xclipframe : Bin ny dng kim tra s hin th ca ng bao xn c t o bi lnh xclip.

Xclipframe = 1 : s hin ln ng bao xn.

Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao xn s khng c hin ln.

5.6. T ng tc hi n th ca cc xref ln. gim bt thi gian AutoCAD ti t o l i bn v, b n c th s d ng mt s tnh n ng

sau t ng tc hin th bn v.

Tnh n ng ti bn v theo yu c u (Demand loading). Tnh n ng ny cho php AutoCAD ch ti cc i tng c n c hin th ca xref.

Ch m c khng gian (spatial index) c t o ra khi b n lu bn v. Ch m c ny ch c t o ra khi ta s d ng tnh n ng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v AutoCAD s lu cng vi ch m c v cch thc ti cc xref. AutoCAD da trn ch m c ny quy nh nhng ph n no ca xref s c c ln hin th.

Ch m c lp (layer index) cng c t o ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AutoCAD s s d ng ch m c ny lu l i cc layer b ng hoc b ng b ng. Tnh n ng ny s quy nh mc xref c n c c bn v c hin th nhanh hn.

Tnh nng ny ch thc s c hiu lc khi :

Tnh n ng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh.

Xref phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp.

Xref phi c xn (vi ch m c khng gian) v c lp ng b ng hoc ng (vi ch m c lp).

Tnh n ng Demand Loading : Kch hat tnh n ng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danh sch

th xung ca Demand load xrefs chn

Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong m ng h thng c th m bn v xref ny nhng h khng th hiu chnh file khi b n ang tham chiu n n.

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Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s t o ra file nhp (makes a temporary copy of the

externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong m ng h thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.

Disabled : ton b bn v xref s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo bn v chnh.

B n c th bt chc n ng ny trc khi b n ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt

ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.

Ch mc hng gian (spatial index) B n lu mt ch m c cho bn Ch mc lp.

6. Qun l xref

6.1. ng dn ca cc xref.

6.2. Xref notification Khi mt file xref b thay i ni dung.

Cad s thng bo cho ta bit nh sau : A reference file has changed and may need

reloading. Khi b n cp nht l i bn v th thng bo trn s bin mt.

6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter. B n cng c th s d ng AutoCAD

Design Center qun l xref.

6.4. File bi n bn (log) ca xref. Nu b n xc lp bin h thng XrefCTL l 1 (theo mc nh bin ny l 0). AutoCAD s

ghi l i tt c cc thao tc trn xref ca b n vo mt file m ACII. B n c th c file bin bn ny khc ph c cc vn tr c trc c th xy ra. Di y xin trnh by mt file bin bn ca xref. Theo mc nh Autocad s t file bin bn vo cng th m c vi file xref v tn n c d ng xrefname.xlg.

II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Wor ing with External Database)

1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.

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Chc n ng ny cho php ta lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi mt d liu ngoi. Ta c th t o cc nhn nh k m vi cc i tng. Cc nhn ny c th l cc thng tin v i tng, cc thuc tnh i k m vi i tng c cha trong file d liu.

Ta c th lm vic vi cc lo i d liu ngoi sau :

Microsoft Access.

Vusual Dbase.

Dbase.

Microsoft Excel.

Oracle.

Paradox

Microsoft Visual FoxPro.

SQL Server.

Cc khi nim c bn.

Emvironment (mi trng) : L ci nn tt c cc thao tc trn c s d liu chy trn n. N bao gm tt c cc c s d liu m ngi dng c th thao tc trn n.

Catalog (mc lc) : l tp hp cc i tng c chung mt thuc tnh no .

Schema (biu ) : l mt hay nhiu cc mi quan h gia mt nhm cc i tng c lin quan n nhau.

2. Cc chun b cho vic t ni c s d liu. C rt nhiu cch kt ni vi c s d liu ngoi nh dng Di y xin trnh by cch kt ni d liu ngoi qua Data Source ca Microsoft :

ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity).

Cc bc chun b t ni c s d liu nh sau :

Bo m bn ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.

Bo m l bn c chng trnh ODBC- Data source ca Microsoft.

nh cu hnh driver c s d liu thch hp, s dng ODBC v cc chng trnh OLE BD.

nh cu hnh ngun d liu t trong AutoCAD.

Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.

Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt kh u. Nu h thng yu cu.

Kt ni n ngun d liu.

Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.

Lin kt hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD.

To nhn da trn d liu trong bng v nu mun.

Ci t tnh n ng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD. bit r b n ci tnh n ng ny hay cha, b n vo menu tools dbConnect. Nu c

ngha l b n ci t n. Nu cha, b n ch y setup l i, ri chn n t Add, trong mn hnh k tip b n chn

DataBase.

Ci t ODBC. bit r b n ci tnh n ng ny hay cha, b n vo menu StartSettingsControl

panelAdministrative Tools. Nu c ngha l b n ci t n. Nu cha, b n c th download free n t a ch www.microsoft.com, trong m c

Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack.

nh cu hnh mt d liu ngu n.

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Trnh by cc cc bc t o mt b d liu ngun trn OBDC. Gii thiu hai c s d liu l Access v Excel. nh cu hnh ngu n d liu t trong AutoCAD.

Trnh by cc bc t o mt kt ni trong AutoCAD trn Slide. Thc hin lnh dbCONNECT.

Thc hin connect trong AutoCAD, quan st cc d liu trong c s d liu. Thit lp truy cp ngi dng v mt hu. Nu h thng y u cu

Thc hin cc truy cp user v password nu data base yu c u. Lm vic vi Data view c cha bng d liu ca bn.

Trnh by cc tnh n ng thm bt, sa i v cp nht d liu kt ni. Trnh by cc tnh n ng view trong dataconnect.

Li n t hng c s d liu vi i tng trong bn v CAD. To nh n da tr n d liu trong bng v nu mun.

3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC. Nhp p chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data

Source Aministrator hin ln. Ta c th t o mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni. t o mi ta n n t Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu c n chnh sa, n n t

configure.

n n t add, ca s Create New Data source hin ln :

Chn driver m b n mun kt ni, V d nh Driver do Microsoft Acces (*.mdb)

chng h n, sau n Finish. hp tho i ODBC Microsoft Access Setup hin ln :

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Data Source Name : nh tn ca c s d liu b n mun t o. Description : m t c s d liu ny. Database : Thao tc vi c s d liu ca b n.

Select : chn c s d liu c.

Create : to mi mt c s d liu.

Repair : sa mt c s d liu c sn.

Compact : nn mt c s d liu. Option : cha cc ty chn v kt ni. Advandce :

Default Authorization : cha cc thng tin v user v password c quyn truy

cp vo c s d liu.

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Options : bao gm cc thuc tnh ca c s d liu. B n c th xem v chnh sa l i ch ng.

4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD. Vo Tools Dbconnect (lnh dbconnect, hoc n ctrl_F6) bt ca s DBCONNECT

MANAGER. Theo mc nh ca AutoCAD trong m c Data Sources s c sn data Jet_dbsamples.

thm mt c s d liu vo trong AutoCAD ta nhn phi chut vo Data Sources chn Configure Data Source. Ca s Configure a Data Source hin ln.

Trong Data Source Name ta in tn ca c s d liu kt ni. Nhn OK ca s Data Link Properties hin ln.

Provider : Chn kiu kt ni trung gian. y ta chn ODBC drivers. Sau n Next. Connection : Chn kt ni c sn m ta t o trong m c nh cu hnh d liu cho

ODBC

Use data source of data : Chn tn kt ni ODBC thit lp bc trc.

Enter information to log on to server : in y user name v password truy nhp vo server nu c.

Sau test connection. Nu connect thnh cng bn s c thng bo Test connection succeeded nh hnh di y.

Advanced : Chn cc ty chn kt ni nh thi goan kt ni, cc ty chn v v quyn truy cp d liu.

All : Hin th v chnh sa ton b thuc tnh ca kt ni c s d liu.

Sau n OK, c s d liu kt ni s hin ln trong m c Data Sources ca DBCONNECT MANAGER.

5. Chnh s a d liu trong AutoCAD

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B n c th chnh sa d liu ca c s d liu ngay trong AutoCAD (ng nhin l

nu trnh kt ni d liu cho php). B n bt ca s DataView ln bng cch nhp p chut tri vo bng d liu c n xem.

T bng ny b n c th chnh sa, thm bt cc bn ghi, cc trng ca mi bn ghi.. Nhng lu l khi b n chnh sa, d liu chnh sa s khng c cp nht ngay lp tc. B n mun cp nht d liu chnh sa, b n nhn phi chut vo hnh mi tn bn gc trn tri nh hnh v.

Commit : cp nht li d liu

Restore : Phc hi li d liu gc (khng ghi li s chnh sa) Cc thao tc nh d ng d liu cng ging ht nh trong Excel. Cc chc n ng nh d ng nh find, replace, format c th tham kho trong menu

Data View.

6. To cc mu t ni. Ta c th t o ra cc kt ni t cc i tng trong bn v n cc trng ca c s d

liu. Thng thng cc kt ni ny dng thng k s lng cc i tng trong bn v lin kt vi mt trng no , v t ta bit c cc thng tin v i tng . c c mt kt ni trc tin ta phi t o ra c m u kt ni. Sau y trnh by cc bc t o ra c mt m u kt ni.

B n c th lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi nhiu bn ghi (record) trong c s d liu nu mun v b n c th lin kt mt bn ghi vi nhiu i tng trong bn v. V d b n c n gian ph ng, mi gian ph ng c t mt n 2 in tho i, v b n c mt bng cc s in tho i. B n c th gn mi mt ci in tho i (trong bn v) vi mt trng ca d liu s in tho i va bn. Nu mt ph ng c 2 in tho i nhng chung mt dy th b n c th gn c hai cho mt s

M u lin kt link template gi p AutoCAD nhn bit c trng no trong c s d liu s c ly ra lin kt vi cc i tng trong bn v.

Cc bc t o mt m u lin kt nh sau :

Chn t menu DBConnectTemplateNew Link Template (nu c mt bng c m sn, bn c th chn nt lnh new Link Template trong ca s Dbconnect).

Nu bn cha m mt bng d liu no, AutoCAD s m hp thoi Select Data Object. Chn mt bng v click nt Continue.

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Trong hp vn bn New Template Name ca hp thoi New Link Template, bn nh tn ca mu lin kt vo. Nu bn c mt mu lin kt trc , bn mun s dng n lm c s cho mt mu mi, bn chn n t trong danh sch th xung Start With Template. Click

Continue.

Trong hp thoi Link Template,

chn hp kim ca mt trng kha (key Field). Nu trng kha ca bn chn c cc hng trng nhau bt k, bn s phi chn thm mt trng kha th hai.

Click OK. AutoCAD to cho bn mt mu lin kt. Bn c th quan st thy mu lin kt ca bn trong ca s DBconnect bn di bn v hin hnh.

Lu : khi chn trng kha, b n nn chn trng kha khng c bt k mt hng no trng nhau. Nu c hng trng nhau, AutoCAD s ly gi tr ca hng no n tm thy trc, c n tt c cc hng sau n s b qua. Nh vy vic chn trng kha l rt quan trong. Nu chn trng kha khng duy nht, b n s c th b st d liu.

Sa l i m u lin kt : chn menu DBConnectTemplatesEdit link Template. Trong hp tho i Select a Database Object, chn mt m u lin kt m b n mun sa. Cc bc c n l i nh t o mt m u lin kt.

Xa m u lin kt : DBConnectTemplatesDelete link Template. Sau trong hp tho i Select a Database Object, chn mt m u lin kt m b n mun xa.

7. To, hiu chnh v xa cc t ni. Cc bc t o mt kt ni nh sau :

M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu lin kt to trong danh sch th xung Select a Link Template pha trn ca ca s.

Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lin kt vi bn v.

Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Links. Chn menu Data ViewLink! Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun kin kt vi bn ghi va chn trong

c s d liu.

Kt thc chn i tng AutoCAD s a ra thng k trn dng lnh command v d nh : 1 record(s) linked with 1 object (s). By gi bn c mt lin kt gia d liu v bn v.

Cc bc hiu chnh mt kt ni nh sau :

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Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn chn mt i tng m bn mun hiu chnh. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager).

Trong ct Value, nhp gi tr mi m bn mun hiu chnh. Cc bc xa mt kt ni nh sau :

Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn chn mt i tng m bn mun xa lin kt. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager).

Sau bn chn cc i bn ghi m bn mun xa, n nt delete.

Ngoi ra b n cng c th xut thng tin kt ni, t o thnh mt dnh sch cc bn ghi lin kt vi i tng c n xut.

Chn dbConnectLinksExport Links. Select objects : chn i tng m bn mun

xut thng tin lin kt.

Trong mc Include Fields bn chn cc trng bn mun xut.

Trong danh sch save as type (AutoCAD cho b n 3 kiu file nh trong ph n xut thng tin thuc tnh ca khi ni trong m c trc)

t tn file ri n n t save.

8. Quan st cc t ni. B n cng c th quan st l i cc kt ni t o. C 2 kiu quan st kt ni :

Quan st cc i tng kt ni (View Linked Objects).

Quan st cc bn ghi kt ni (View Linked Records). AutoCAD t ng chn cc i tng lin kt khi b n chn mt hng, b n chn

Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects. AutoCAD t ng chn cc hng lin kt khi b n chn i tng trn bn v, b n

chn Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects. Cc ty bin trong hin th cc lin kt (Data View Option): AutoPan v Autozoom hin th cc i tng c chn mt cch t ng. Ta

cng c th hiu chnh t l zoom factor (tnh theo n v %). T l ny mc nh l 50% c ngha l vng cha cc i tng = 50% vng ta quan st trong bn v.

Record Indication Record (show all records hoc select indicated records) hiu chnh ch hin th cc bn ghi lin kt hay hin tt c cc bn ghi ca bng v cc bn ghi lin kt s c nh du theo mu c chn mc Mark Indicated Records.

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9. To mu nh n. Ta cng c th t o cc thng tin nh k m vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng

tin ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong bn v ty theo tnh n ng m ta chn). Nu l g n dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt th cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc nhn (Label).

t o c cc nhn (label), u tin ta phi t o c cc m u nhn (Label Template). Sau y trnh by cc bc t o c mt m u nhn.

Chn t menu dbConnect-->Templates-->New Label Template.

Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu nhn. Click continue.

Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New Label Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n lm c s cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template. Click contine.

Cad s m hp thoi Label Template nh hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Bn c

th nh dng vn bn nh trong Multiline Text Editor.

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Trn Tab Label Fields, chn mt trng m bn mun xut hin trn nhn t danh sch th xung Field List, sau kch nt Add. Nu mun add thm trng vo nhn bn lp li cc bc trn.

Trn Tab Label Offset, chn kiu canh l trong hp start. Nhp di X v Y trong hp Leader offset quy nh khong cch gia im u ca mi tn nh dng v im chn ca vn bn (mu khong cch ny qu b gn mi tn th mi tn s b bin mt). Nhp di X v Y trong hp Tip offset quy nh khong cch t im u ca mi tn n im chn ca cui mi tn trn i tng gn dnh.

Hiu chnh mt m u nhn :

Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateEdit Label Template. Chn mu nhn m bn mun hiu chnh trong hp thoi Select a Database

Object.

Xa mt m u nhn :

Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateDelete Label Template. Chn mu nhn m bn mun xa trong hp thoi Select a Database Object.

10. To nh n. Phn lo i nhn :

Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khng i km vi mt i tng no ca AutoCAD.

Nhn gn dnh (Freestanding Label): l nhn nh km vi mt i tng no . Khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt, nhn gn dnh cng di chuyn theo.

Cc bc t o mt nhn nh k m :

M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template pha trn ca ca s.

Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong bn v.

Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Attached Label. Chn menu Data ViewLink! Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo. Cc bc t o mt nhn t do :

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M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label Template pha trn ca ca s.

Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng trong bn v.

Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Freestanding Label. Chn menu Data ViewLink! Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.

Mun xa nhn ta chn nhn c n xa t bn v, nhn n t delete trn bn phm.

11. S dng query truy tm d liu B n c th truy tm d liu bng cc s d ng ngn ng SQL. SQL l ngn ng c s

d ng h u ht trong tt c cc c s d liu tinh chnh v ly cc thng tin t c s d liu. B n c th s d ng query lm nhng vic sau :

Xem mt tp con ca mt c s d liu.

Ly d liu t cc bng khc nhau ca c s d liu.

To mt tp chn t hp thoi Link Select. M hp tho i Query Editor, b n thc hin qua cc bc sau :

Menu dbConnectQueriesNew Query on a link Template. Chn mu nhn bn mun s dng trong hp thoi Select a DataBase Object.

Click continue.

nh tn Query bn mun to trong hp New Query Name (bn c th chn mt query c sn nu c lm c s trong danh sch th xung Existing query names).

AutoCAD cho php ta s d ng mt s m hnh SQL sau :

11.1. S dng Quick Query

Gii thch :

Look up values : nu bn khng nh r gi tr ca trng bn c th nhn vo nt ny xem trc cc gi tr ca trng.

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Indicate records in data view : nu c chn th tt c cc bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh query s c hin th trn data view.

Indicate Objects in drawing : nu c chn th tt c cc objects lin kt vi cc bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh cng s c chn theo trn bn v.

Store : lu li query.

Execute : thi hnh query.

11.2. S dng Range Query

Dng truy tm d liu c gi tr t From n gi tr Through. a. S dng Range Query

Nhm ngoc n gi p b n nhm cc nhm iu kin l i thnh mt nhm (nh cc php ton logic thng thng).

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Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn. Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn. Sort by : trng s c ch nh s p xp.

11.3. S dng Range Query

B n c th s d ng ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. N t check s gi p b n kim tra c php ca mnh

11.4. S dng Lin Select Link select cho php tao t o ra mt tp chn s d ng query. Cc bc t o mt tp chn Link Select :

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Ban u, ta chn trong menu xung Do la chn select.

To ra mt tp chn u tin ri nhn Execute.

Sau ta li chn trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic.

To ra cc tp chn th hai bng cch nhn Execute.

III. Lm vic vi Raster Image

1. Tng quan B n c th ch n cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital photographs)

vo bn v. V bn cht, cc nh ch n ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels), c n cc i tng (Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh ch n s c kch thc ln v nng hn cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php b n c th zoom, pan cng nh in n bn v cha Images.

2. Ch n nh (inserting images ch n nh, ta chn insertRaster image chn file v ng d n ti n.

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3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images) Chn InsertImage Manager m hp tho i Image Manager

Attach inserts an image, opening the Image dialog box

Detach erases the image from your drawing and deletes all reference to it in the drawing database.

Reload redisplays an image after you have unloaded it.

Unload removes the display of the image but retains the reference to it. Later, you can reload the image to redisplay it.

Details provides you with a preview, as well as information about the image, its

path, and its size.

4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images) M c ch : i khi ta khng c n hin th tt c hnh nh, ta ch c n hin th mt ph n

cu hnh nh. Vic xn bt hnh nh s lm cho bn v nh hn, t ng tc zoom v pan cho bn v.

Cch lm : ModifyClipImage

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5. iu khi n s hi n th (Controlling image display)

5.1. iu khi n hi n th Chn ModifyObjectImage (hoc lnh IMAGEADJUST)

5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality) Chn ModifyObjectImageQuality (hoc lnh IMAGEQUALITY) Lnh ny c tc d ng cho tt c cc nh c trn bn v, chn High_Quality s lm cho

bn v chm hn. Vi la chn ny CAD s chuyn ch in sang high quality

5.3. Image transparency Chuyn ch qun l nh t pixel sang ch nh nn. Modify Object Image

Transparency. Mc nh l OFF, bt ch ny, b n chuyn sang ON.

5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame) Khi b n t t ch ng bao ca nh, b n s khng th chn c nh na. bt t t

ch ny b n chn : ModifyObjectImageFrame

IV. Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects Ph n ny chng ta s nghin cu s chia s d liu d AutoCAD v cc ng d ng khc. B n c th chn d liu (Text or Image) t cc ng d ng ngoi bng cc phng php

sau :

Embed : i tng c chn vo bn v s c kh n ng tr v chng trnh ngun khi b n mun Edit chng. Ngha l khi b n double-click vo i tng , chng trnh ngun s c m ra v b n c th chnh sa chng.

Paste : i tng (objects) s c chn vo bn v, s d ng khi b n khng mun lin kt vi chng trnh ngun. Thng c s d ng khi b n ch mun hin th chng m khng c n chnh sa, hoc nhng i tng c th c chnh sa bng AutoCAD

Link : i tng (objects) c chn vo bn v di d ng ng link. CAD khng lu object m ch lu ng d n ti file cha Object . Khi file ngun b thay i th s thay i s c update vo trong AutoCAD file.

Tt c cc la chn Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects u nm trong m c Option ca Paste special. Link v Embedding ging nh OLE (Object Linking and Embedding)

1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD Cch 1

TAutoCAD, chn inertOLE Object m insert Object dialog box (hoc c th bng lnh INSERTOBJ). (The entries listed in this dialog box depend on the applications you have installed on your computer.)

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T o file mi, chn Create New ng d ng s c m ra b n t o d liu mi sau khi kt thc choose FileUpdate t ng d ng . Sau ng ng d ng l i quay l i vi AutoCAD.

B n c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file c n chn. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of this chapter). Chn OK. AutoCAD t file top-left corner

Cch 2

Chn ng d ng ngun, Chn copy

Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn embedding. Cch 3

B n ng d ng ngun v Autocad

nh du ph n d liu mun chn vo trong CAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong CAD. OLE objects c mt s nhc i m sau :

Nu chng cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chng s khng c hin th v khng c in ra.

Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m khng qua iu khin in ca AutoCAD.

OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi b n v khi b n s d ng Plot rotation. Tuy nhin b n c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong my in h thng (the windows system printer)

2. Linking data Cch lm :

Chn ng d ng ngun, Chn copy

Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn link Lu :

Khi b n m file CAD c cha ng link, CAD s cho b n la chn Update file link c trong bn v.

Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong lc ang m bn v bng cch vo insertOle links.

Trong qu trnh lm vic, ai thay i ng d n file link ca b n, b n c th

break link v change source.

3. Pasting data into AutoCAD M ng d ngcopy M CADEditpate special List hin ra ph thuc vo ng d ng ngun.

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Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)

I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)

1. Khi nim v Shape. Shape l mt object (i tng) c s d ng nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i

tng nh ng thng, cung tr n c nh ngha trong file .SHP, l file d ng v n bn ASSCII. s d ng c trong bn v cc file ny phi c bin dch thnh cc file .SHX bng lnh Complie trong AutoCAD. Sau , s d ng lnh Load ti file .SHX vo bn v, dng lnh Shape ch n cc shape vo bn v (nh l s d ng lnh insert khi chn block). Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi l n ch n shape vo bn v. Ngoi ra, shape cn c d d ng t o cc font ch, t o cc d ng ng phc t p.

Block linh ho t hn v d s d ng hn shape. Tuy nhin cc shape l i hiu qu hn trong vic lu tr v v. N c ti nhanh hn so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu ln v khi tc l quan trng.

B n cng c th ti file Shape vo trong AutoCAD bng lnh load, hoc g b n kh i AutoCAD bng lnh Purge.

Figure 1: Load shape file

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Figure 2 : Purge shape files

Chn file shape c n g b sau n Purge. ng dng ca Shape :

Dng tp cc font ch.

Dng tao ra cc dng ng phc tp.

Ngoi ra Shape cn c s dng nh Block. Cch to ra cc Shape : ch ng ta nh ngha cc Shape trong file .SHP. Sau y trnh

by cch m t mt Shape.

2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP. Cc shape trong AutoCAD c m t c th trong file .SHP v cc file c bin dch

l .SHX. Ta c th s d ng text editor hoc word processor t o mi hoc sa cc shape trong shape file c v lu l i thnh file c ph n m rng l .SHP di d ng in ASCII format.

Mi file trong shape c m t bng nhiu d ng, mi d ng cha ti a 128 k t, nhng d ng di hn s khng c bin dch. Cc d ng ch thch b t u bng du chm phy. AutoCAD s t ng b i cc d ng tr ng v chui k t bn phi du chm phy.

C php m t mt shape trong file shape nh sau : *shapenumber,defbytes,shapename

specbyte1,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0

* : du sao quy nh b t u m t mt Shape mi.

Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape

Defbytes : S lng cc byte m t ca shape

Shapename : Tn ca shape

D ng tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ng n cch nhau mt du phy. V kt th c bng s 0.

Shapenumber

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L s nguyn c gi tr t 1 n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape file dng t o font unicode), s nguyn ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong cng mt file khng c trng nhau. Defbytes

S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng. Mt shape c ti a 2000 byte m t. Shapename

Tn ca shape b t buc phi l ch hoa. Tn cha k t thng s b b qua v thng c s d ng lm nhn cho font shape. Specbyte

Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di d ng s thp phn hoc s thp l c. Nu s u tin l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp l c. C hai lo i byte m t.

M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code)

M c bit (Special Codes) Nghin cu c th tng lo i Specbyte :

2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector). Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca ch ng

c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui bao gm 3 k t.

K t u tin phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo biu din s thp l c phn.

K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1 (n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di).

K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t 1 (n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau y minh ha hng c s ha.

Ch : Cc vector ny u c di l 1 n v. V d sau xy dng mt shape c tn l DBOX vi s

nh danh l 230. *230,6,DBOX

014,010,01C,018,012,0

Dng trnh so n tho NotePad t o mt file v n bn c ni dung nh trn, sau ghi l i vi tn l dbox.shp. S d ng lnh Compile trong AutoCAD bin dch thnh file dbox.shx. S d ng lnh Load ti file dbox.shx vo trong AutoCAD. Sau s d ng lnh shape nh sau :

Command: shape

Enter shape name or [?]: dbox

Specify insertion point: 1,1

Specify height : 2

Specify rotation angle : 0

Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau : Trnh t v c miu t trn hnh v. im b t u v c

ta (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. S 0 sau cng kt th c chui m t.

2.2. Special Codes (m c bit) Cc m c bit dng t o cc hnh d ng c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt chui 3

k t : K t u tin phi l s khng.

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K t th hai phi l s khng. K t ba xc nh chc n ng (miu t trong bng lit k). Gi tr thp l c phn nhp vo

t 1 n F (15). Ch : cc m v n c th vit di d ng thp l c phn hoc thp phn. VD 008 hay 8

u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp l c phn :

M thp l c phn

ngha

000 Kt th c chui m t shape 001 Chuyn qua cc ch v 002 T t ch v, chuyn qua ch di chuyn b t v 003 Theo sau m 003 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l

v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 003 s c chia cho t l ny t o ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD

004 Theo sau m 004 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 004 s c nhn cho t l ny t o ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD

005 Lu tr v tr hin t i vo trong ng n xp 006 Ly v tr v c lu trc ra kh i ng n xp 007 M t subshape, S lng cc subshape s c m t trong

byte k tip sau m ny 008 V vector vi chiu di v hng bt k. Hai byte theo sau m

ny quy nh di x v y. 00A V lin tip cc cung 45O. Hai byte theo sau n xc nh bn

knh, s lng v chiu di ca cc cung ny. 00B V cung tr n bt k. N m byte theo sau m 00B s miu t cung

tr n c v. 00C V cung tr n da vo h s cong. 00D V lin tip cc cung tr n da vo h s cong. 00E S d ng khi m t font ch. (s ni k trong ph n sau)

Sau y ta xt chi tit vic s d ng cc m c bit.

M 000 : Kt th c chui m t. Sau m 000 nh du kt th c chui m t ca mt shape. Ch sau s 0 phi n enter.

M 001 v 002 : Bt t t ch v. 001 : bt ch v (defaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s c

v trn mn hnh. 002 : T t ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v ln mn hnh. Nhng

con tr v (b t v) v n di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n. V d : nh do n m sau vo file example.shp ri dch thnh file .shx c ni dung nh

sau :

*232,12,DBOX21

044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0

Chng trnh s thc hin nh sau :

4 byte u 044,040,04C,048 s v mt hnh vung di c nh l 4 n v.

3 byte tip theo 002,012,001 : s t t ch v, chuyn sang ch di chuyn. Di chuyn mt o n 012 sau l i bt ch v.

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4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung c nh l 2 n v.

M 003 v 004 : Thay i t l v. Theo sau hai m ny l mt s nguyn t 1-255, quy nh t l v. Nu l m 003 th t l v s c chia cho s ng sau n. Nu l m 004 th t l v s c nhn vi s ng sau n. V d : 004,10 : Cc nt v tip sau n s c di bng di m m t nhn vi 10.

V d : Ta cng v hnh DBOX2 trn nhng s d ng m thay i t l: Ta gi hnh ny l DBOX22, o n m m t DBOX22 nh sau.

*233,12,DBOX22

(* V hnh v tip t c o n m y ch th hin Ly l i t l *)

M 5 v 6 : Lu v ph c hi v tr ca con tr trong stack. M 005 y ta con tr v vo stack (ng n xp) v m 006 ly ta ra kh i stack

v gn n cho ta con tr hin hnh (ni cch khc l ph c hi v tr con tr lu trong stack).

Ng n xp ti a ch lu tr c 4 v tr. Nu lu tr qu kh n ng ca n AutoCAD s thng trn stack : Position stack overflow in shape nnn

Nu stack ang rng, ta c tnh dng 006 ly ta ra kh i stack. Khi v shape ny AutoCAD s thng bo Position stack underflow in shape nnn.

V d : Ta v hnh DBOX2 nhng c s d ng code 005 v 006 nh sau : ( V hnh m t )

M 7 : M t subshape M 007 ch yu dng t o font ch. Ta s nghin cu m ny trong ph n t o font ch.

M 8 v 9 : dch chuyn theo phng X v Y Thng thng m vector ch cho php ta v c trong 16 hng nh sn vi di ti

a l 15 n v. Ta dng m ny v nhanh chng cc shape n gin, nhng khng th dng t o cc shape phc t p. Vi m 008,009 b n c th v vector c di v hng khng gii h n, bng cch s d ng dch chuyn X,Y ( dch chuyn tng i so vi im m con tr v ang ng).

Theo sau m 008 l 2 byte quy nh di X,Y vi d ng sau : 008,X-displacement,Y-displacement

di X-displacement,Y-displacement c gi tr trong khong -128 n +127. Du (+) l khng b t buc. Ch ng ta cng c th s d ng du ngoc n cho d c v d kim sot :

008,(X-displacement,Y-displacement)

V d : (-10,3) m t vector hng v tri 10 n v v hng ln trn 3 n v.

Khc vi m 008 ch v mt vector, m 009 v lin tip cc vector. Theo sau m 009 l cc cp byte quy nh di (X,Y) v du hiu nhn bit kt th c m 009 l cp byte (0,0).

V d : 009,(3,1),(3,2),(2,-3),(0,0) v lin tip ba vector c di tng (3,1),(3,2),(2,-3).

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M A : v cung tr n 45 . Theo sau m 00A l 2 byte nh ngha mt cung tr n 45o (bng 1/8 ng tr n). Cc

cung c nh th t t 0 n 7 tnh theo v tr u ca cung.

M m t cung tr n nh sau : 10,radius,()0SC

Bn knh (radius) c gi tr t 1 n 255. Byte th 2 (-)0SC m t :

Du (-) quy nh hng v ca cung tr n (v ngc chiu kim ng h nu l dng, theo chiu kim ng h nu l m).

0 : Lun lun l 0, quy nh cc k t sau n l h thp l c phn.

C : S lng cc cung tr n 45o. C gi tr t 0 n 7. Nu l 0 th AutoCAD s v c v ng tr n (8 cung 45o) bn knh radius.

M B : v cung tr n bt k. M 00B cho php v mt cung tr n bt k, khng nht thit phi b t u bng cc v tr

nh trc nh m 00A. 00B,start_offset,end_offset,high_radius,radius,(-)0SC

Start_offset: Biu din di ca cung tr n so vi im b t u v c quy nh trc trong m 00A (c nh s t 0-7). Gi tr ca start_offset c tnh bng cch ly gi tr ca gc hp bi im b t u v cung theo 00B v im b t u v cung theo 00A nhn vi 256 v chia cho 45. hay start_offset = s o gc * 256/45.

End_offset : Biu din di ca im cui cung tr n so vi im 1/8 ng tr n tng ng. Gi tr ca end_offset cng c tnh tng t nh start_offset

Radius : bn knh ca cung tr n (t 1 n 255 n v ). High-radius : C gi t 0 n 255. S d ng khi mun v cung tr n c bn knh ln hn

255 n v. Cch tnh nh sau : Bn knh = High-radius*256+Radius. (-)OSC : M t nh 00A. Dng xc nh cc gi tr start_offset v end_offset

M C v D : V ch phnh ra hoc cc cung tr n c bit.

Vi cc m 00C v 00D ta c th v c cc cung tr n c hnh d ng bt k bng cch s d ng h s cong ca cung tr n. M 00C v mt cung tr n, m 00D v nhiu cung tr n lin tip nhau.

Theo sau m 00C l 3 byte m t cung tr n nh sau : 00C,X-displacement,Y-displacement,Bulge

X-displacement,Y-displacement : di ca im cui ca cung tr n (Ta tng i ca im cui so vi im u) c gi tr t -127 n +127.

Bulge : H s xc nh cong ca cung tr n. C gi tr t -127 n 127. Cch tnh nh sau : Bulge=(2*H/D)*127.

D : Chiu di dy cung.

H : Chiu cao ca cung

Du (-) v theo chiu kim ng h. Du (+) hoc khng c du th v ngc chiu kim ng h.

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Nu m 00C ch v mt cung tr n th m 00D v lin tip cc cung tr n. Theo sau m 00D l cc cp byte m t cung tr n c v v kt th c 00D bng mt cp byte (0,0).

V d : 00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)

(0,5,0) m t mt ng thng c di bng 5 n v.

M E : M t font ch theo phng thng ng. Ta s nghin cu m ny trong ph n sau.

II. To font ch Hin nay AutoCAD cho php ta s d ng 3 lo i font ch. Font ch h thng (system

font), phong ch s d ng shape (shape font) v big font. Font h thng :

Cu t o : Gm cc vector bin, v gia c t bng thut ton fill

u im : system font p hn cc font khc.

Nhc im : Do system font c nhng vng t nn nng hn cc font khc. Tc ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.

Shape font :

Cu t o bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP.

u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.

Nhc im : Khng p l m.

Big font

Cu t o :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l ph n ni di ca cc shape font ni trn. Shape font c cha ti a 255 k t c n big font c th cha n 65535 k t.

1. To font ch SHX. Font ch SHX c t o ra v s d ng trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt shape

c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t (t 0 n 255).

phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c d ng m t u tin nh sau : *0,4,font-name

above,below,modes,0

Font-name : Tn font ch Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline. Modes

0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.

1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.

2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.

(v hnh minh ha vo y)

T o mt v d minh ha font ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt file font shape bt k ri minh ha.

77

2. To big font. Trong thc t, font c