CCH TRNG HONG THO

Dendrobium l mt loi phong lan, v vy cn ni thong gi. Nhng cy Phi ip, D Hc, Hc V, Long Tu, Ng Tinh v.v nhm ny cn bt ti nc vo ma Thu, ti rt t hoc ngng hn vo ma ng. Nu nc ng trn ngn s lm cho b thi. Vo ma H khi cy mc mnh, hy ti cho tht nhiu v tht m.

Nhng ging thn r xung nh Den. anosmum, Den. wardiamum khng nn buc thng ln, nh vy s t ra hoa, hay khng ra hoa.

Nhm rng l nh: Den. primulinum, Den. aphyllum, c th ra hoa t cc thn gi ca nm trc, v vy khng nn ct b.

Nhm xanh l quanh nm nh Den. amabile, Den. Thyrsiflorum vn ti nh thng nhng ti tha i.

Bn phn

Pha tha c ph hay mt tha gt cho 4 lt nc bn mi tun mt ln, ch bn khi cy non mc mnh. Nn nh ti nc hm trc, hm sau mi bn. Mun cho lan tht tt phi bn phn 30-10-10 vo Xun H, v i sang 10-30-20 vo ma Thu.

Vt liu trng

Nhng cy nh c th buc vo thn cy hay ming v cy. Ma H phi ti ti thiu mi ngy mt ln. Vt liu trng trong chu: dng 1/3 v thng, 1/3 , 1/3 than ci ln cho d thot nc. Lai Dendrobium khng a ng n r, cho nn ch thay chu khi lan b bnh hay vt liu b mc nt.

Thi gian ng ngh

Phn ln nhng cy Hong Tho cn mt thi gian ng ngh vo ma ng, khi ban m nhit xung cn khong 48-50F (10C) vi s cch bit gia ngy v m khong 27-30F. V vy nn lan ch c nng. Thi gian ny cn khong 2-3 thng lan ra hoa. Lan c th chu c lnh trn mc ng vi trong mt thi gian ngn vi iu kin thn r phi kh, nhng ng kh qu lu. Vo cui ma ng nn phun nc cho cy khi b qu kh. Khng phun nc vo nhng ngy m u v qu lnh. Vo ma Xun, khi cy bt u ra n hay mm non, khi s ti nc, nhng ti tht tha v phi i kh r gia hai ln ti.

Dendrobium, ting Vit thng gi l lan Hong Tho, hin nay c nhiu ngi dng ch ng lan thay cho Dendrobium. Dendrobium l mt ging lan c nhiu loi trong h Orchidaceae ging gm hn 1.600 loi. Ging chim v tr ln nht l Bulbopllyllum. Tuy nhin, nu xt trn kha cnh thng mi, ta c th dng m hnh sau cho cc loi thuc ging Dendrobium dng cho mc ch kinh doanh l lan a thn vi nhiu gi hnh. Dendrobium cng l ging rt phong ph v mu sc v hnh dng hoa.

trng v chm sc lan hong tho

Cc loi thuc ging Dendrobium c a chung hin nay l cc loi c hoa to theo dng hoa H ip, di v cnh thng, nhiu hoa v lu tn. Ging Dendrobium l nhng loi hoa rt lu tn, trung bnh 2 thng, c bit c loi trn 3 thng, hoc c th hoa n sut nm

Mt nhm gm cc loi thuc ging Dendrobium ra hoa vo u ma ma do qu trnh kh hn trong ma nng, nhm khc ra hoa vo dp Tt v hin nay cha c bit mt cnh chc chn do nh hng ca quang k hay s th hn, hoc do tc ng hip tr ca c 2 yu t.

Nh nhng u im ca lan Dendrobium m ngy nay n chim mt v tr rng ln trn th trng tiu th. Loi Dendrobium ny khng kh trng. Nu chng ta nm c mt s b quyt c bn ca loi ny v ngun gc nguyn thy ca n th vic c mt chu lan p, hoa lu tn l mt iu kh d dng.

1. Nhit

Nhit nh hng rt nhiu n s tng trng ca lan Dendrobium. Vo ma h nng nc cy pht trin nhanh hn cho nn cn nhiu m v nc. Phn ln cc cy ny thch hp vi nhit ban m vo khong 10-16C, ban ngy vo 21-32C Nu tri nng hn nhit trn chng ta nn ti cy thng xuyn hn, cy s khng b tnh trng cng thng (stress) hay nng chy.

i vi nhm Dendrobium a lnh, chng s sinh trng v pht trin tt nht nhit l tng l 15oC

i vi nhm Dendrobium a nng nhit thch hp cho cc hoi ca nhm ny l 25oC. Tuy nhin cc ging Dendrobium lai chu c mt nhit cao hn nhiu.

2. m

m thch hp gip cho cy c pht trin nhanh hn, hoa cng ti tt v lu tn.

ban ngy cy cn m khong t 40-60%, vo ban m m thch hp t 60-90% th cy s pht trin tt hn. Cu to gi th qu m v ng l iu kin bt li cho s sinh trng ca ging Dendrobium

3. Ti nc

Nc rt quan trng cho cy tng trng. Vo ma h cy cn nc nhiu hn l ma ng. Nu thiu nc cy s khng pht trin v c th b cht kh. Nhn thy thn cy hoc l cy b nhn nheo, chng ta bit l cy b thiu nc. Vo ma h chng ta c th ti 2 ln mt tun, nu trng trong chu nha, cn ma ng ch ti mi tun mt ln l .

Ti qu nhiu nc, cy s b ng thy, thi r v to cho cy d b nhim trng hoc nhim nm ri cht. Ring i vi nhng ging Dendrobium c trng TPHCM th chu k ti nc li khc hn: t thng 5 n thng 11 ti nc 2 ln/ngy ,t thng 12 n thng 2 ti nc 3 ln/ngy v t u thng 3 n cui thng 4 ti nc 1 ln/ngy. S thay i cc iu kin sinh thi trong ma nng v ma ma l nguyn nhn chnh quyt nh s ra hoa ca loi Dendrobium.

4. nh sng

nh sng rt quan trng cho cy lan v n trc tip gip cho cy to ra cht dinh dng gip cho cy tng trng nhanh. Nu thiu nh sng cy s yu mm v chm pht trin, khng nhng th m c th lm cho cy khng ra hoa c. Nhng nu qu nhiu nh nng s lm cho cy b chy l hoc cy con b cht.

Dendrobium l loi lan a nh sng, n cn ti 70% nh sng, cng nh sng t 15.000 30.000 lux thch hp cho s sinh trng v pht trin ca loi ny. Nu trng trong gin th cc chu Dendrobium nn treo cch xa nhau to thong v cy c th hp thu nh sng y hn, i vi nhng cy lan ln khong cch gia 2 cy l 25cm v nhng cy lan nh khong cch l 15 cm. s phn b nh sng c iu ha v vic s dng phn bn d dng hn, ta nn chn nhng cy cng kch thc v nhng cy cng tui trng chung trong mt gin tin chm sc.

5. Bn phn

Dendrobium cn nhiu phn bn vo ma h hn l ma ng v ma h cy tng trng nhiu hn. Nu c y cht dinh dng cy s mau ln, ra nhiu hoa v hoa to hn.

Trong sut ma tng trng (t u thng 5 n cui thng 1), mt thng trc khi bc vo ma ngh (trong sut thng 2) ta bn phn NPK 10-20-30 lm 2 ln/1 tun to mt sc chu ng cho cy trc khi bc vo ma ngh. Trong ma tng trng nu cy c n hoa, ta thay phn NPK 30-10-10 bng phn NPK 10-20-20 vi chu k bn 2 ln/1 tun cho n khi hoa tn. Trong ma ngh (u thng 3 n cui thng 4) hon ton khng bn phn cho Dendrobium, hay ng hn gim v khng bn phn cho Dendrobium khi cy hon tt thi k tng trng hng nm ca n. Thng Dendrobium hon tt thi k tng trng vo thng 9 n thng 10 khi m nhng l cui cng ca n thy c trn nh gi hnh v thn. Thi k tng trng hon tt, bn gim nc ti v thc n t t cho n khi khng cn g na trong mt thi gian chng 4 tun, vo lc ny cy cn cng nhiu nh nng cng tt- phi hp vi iu kin kh hu thng 12 ngy ngn v nhit mt nhng ging thay l hng nm chun b rng l hnh thnh pht hoa.

Tuy nhin, nu s dng liu lng phn bn qu nhiu trong mt ln ti hoc ti nhiu ln trong tun s lm cho cy b cht. V th ng v mong mun cy mau ra hoa m lm dng phn bn mt cch khng ph hp.

6. Cu to gi th

Mc d rt d chu v iu kin nh sng nhng Dendrobium rt nhy cm khi cu to gi th khng thch hp. Chu trng Dendrobium phi l nhng chu c nhng l nh to thong v gip cho cy khng b ng. Tuy nhin do bn nng sinh hc v cu trc thc vt vi gi hnh c thn, cc loi thuc ging Dendrobium c th dng gi th hi m nhng khng lm thi cn hnh. Gi th dnh cho Dendrobium l loi d kim, r tin: x da hoc dn (phi c ngm thuc chng mc trc khi s dng). V khng nn ti nc nhiu, nh th s lm cy b thi v qu m. Nhng gi th tt nht dnh cho Dendrobium l than.

7. Thay chu

Khi gi th trong chu b m t s lm cho r cy b thi do gi th x da sau mt thi gian b mc v lng xung y chu to thnh mt lp mn ng nc. Ngoi ra chnh lp mn l iu kin sinh sng thun li ca cc cn trng. Cc loi ny tc ng cng vi s bt li v tha nc, cn ph ton b r ca cy lan. Do bn nng sinh tn cy lan s phn ng bng cch mc ra mt s cy con trn ngn thn ca cc gi hnh duy tr ni ging. iu ny cho thy gi th trong chu b h, ta phi tin hnh thay chu v cho gi th mi vo.

i vi Dendrobium th ta nn tin hnh thay chu 2 nm 1 ln v trong qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin, chu c th b ng ru, gi th c th b h hao, cy mt cn i (cy qu ln, chu qu nh khng khng gian to thong cho r cy pht trin mt cch tt nht).

8. Mt s su bnh v cch phng tr

- Gin v cun chiu : Do a dng v chng loi nn Dendrobium cn bn nhiu loi phn khc nhau. Gi th x da sau mt thi gian c trng s b m t lm cho r cy b thi. iu ny l nguyn nhn gy ra nhng con gin v cun chiu lm cho gi th b h. Khi gp hin tng ny ta nn thay gi th mi.

- Mt loi rp mu vng : Chng thng xut hin trn b mt l cy, c kch thc rt nh nh u cy tm, chng c tc hi s ht nha cy lm cho cy thiu s sng. i vi nhng loi cn trng nh th ta ch cn dng Serpa, Bassa, nng 1/500 l c th tiu dit chng.

- Nm v virut : Khi cy khng c v sinh k lng ta s thy xut hin nm trn thn cy. Hoc khi thy cy b kh thn gn gc v gi hnh lm cho gi hnh kh v cht th lc cy b virut tn cng. nga bnh ta nn dng nhng loi thuc tr nm nh Topsil, Zineb, Bencmyl vi nng 1/400, chu k phun l thng phun 1 ln.

Tm li, Dendrobium l loi lan d trng (v n c nhiu chng loi, thch nghi c nhiu loi kh hu: lnh, nng, trung bnh), d kim (v n c th sinh sng nhiu vng khc nhau), d nhn ging (v n l loi lan a thn nhiu gi hnh), v iu c bit l gi ca mt chu Dendrobium ph hp vi ngi dn (khong t 30.000 50.000 ng). Chnh v vy m nm bt c mt s k thut c bn trng v chm sc loi lan ny th vic c mt chu lan Hong Tho p, l mt iu d dng i vi nhng ngi dn C Mau yu hoa lan.

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