c quy dng trong kch inMa mt in nm ngoi c kh nhiu ngi mua b kch in s dng c quy. Khng nh kch in khi khng s dng c th hng chc nm, c quy cn c ch np v phng in theo cc yu cu nht nh th mi m bo bn. c cc trng hp c quy t h nm ngoi n thng 3 nm nay th h hng c quy khin khng th s dng c. Ti hi vng bi vit t cc kinh nghim bn thn cng nh tham kho ti liu s gip ch mt cht cho nhng ai ang s hu cc bnh c quy kch in c th vn hnh v s dng chng mt cch tt nht hay bo qun c trong thi gian di.

C QUYPhn loi v nguyn l hot ng ca c quy Nu im qua cc loi c quy th c l c th c nhiu cch gi nh: c quy nc, c quy axt, c quy axt kiu h, c quy kn kh, c quy khng cn bo dng, c quy kh, c quy GEL, c quy kim...Thc ra th cch ni nh trn l cc cch gi khc nhau ca vi loi c quy c bn m thi, cc loi nh vy chnh l cch gi c th bao hm vo nhau m nu nghe qua bn ng hoang mang rng ti sao c nhiu loi c quy nh vy. Trn thc t thng phn bit thnh hai loi c quy thng dng hin nay l c quy s dng in mi bng a xt (gi tt l c quy a xt hoc c quy Ch-Axt) v c quy s dng in mi bng kim (gi tt l c quy kim). Tuy c hai loi chnh nh vy nhng c quy kim c v t gp nn a s cc c quy m bn gp trn th trng hin nay l c quy a xt. Trong cng loi c quy axt cng c phn chia thnh hai loi chnh: c quy axt kiu h thng thng v c quy axt kiu kn kh. Hai loi ny ang b gi nhm mt cch thng dng l: c quy nc v c quy kh (ng ra th c quy in mi dng keo mi gi l c quy kh). Khi hiu v nguyn l hot ng ca c quy axt th bn d dng phn bit c chng v cc c tnh ring ca tng loi c quy ny. bit c nguyn l hot ng ca c quy, bn c th xem hnh di y (bn c th b qua mc ny nu nh thy chng qu phin phc v kh hiu ^^):

Hnh: M phng bn cc c quy a-xt (nh su tm)

Trong hnh ny v i din hai bn cc ca mt c quy, trong cc c hai cc c lm bng Ch (Pb) v oxt Ch (PbO2). in y gia cc bn cc l dung dch axt sulfuric (H2SO4) long, v tt nhin l dung dch long nh vy th cha Nc (H2O) l chim phn ln th tch. trng thi c np y, cc bn cc c quy trng thi ha hc nu trn (nh hnh, tc l cc dng l PbO2, cc m l Pb), trong cc qu trnh phng in v np in cho c quy, trng thi ha hc ca cc cc b thay i. C th xem v trng thi ha hc trong cc qu trnh phng - np nh hnh di y

Hnh: M phng s lm vic ca c quy a-xt (nh st)

Qu trnh phng in din ra nu nh gia hai cc c quy c mt thit b tiu th in, khi ny xy ra phn ng ha hc sau: Ti cc dng: 2PbO2 + 2H2SO4 = 2PbSO4 + 2H2O + O2 Ti cc m: Pb + H2SO4 = PbSO4 + H2 Phn ng chung gp li trong ton bnh l: Pb+PbO2+2H2SO4 = 2PbSO4 + 2H2O

Qu trnh phng in kt thc khi m PbO2 cc dng v Pb cc m hon ton chuyn thnh PbSO4. Qu trnh np in cho c quy, do tc dng ca dng in np m bn trong c quy s c phn ng ngc li so vi chiu phn ng trn, phn ng chung gp li trong ton bnh s l: 2PbSO4 + 2H2O = Pb+PbO2+2H2SO4. Kt thc qu trnh np th c quy tr li trng thi ban u: Cc dng gm: PbO2, cc m l Pb. Trong thc t, cc bn cc c quy khng ging nh trn, cc cc ca c quy c s lng nhiu hn ( to ra dung lng bnh c quy ln) v mi bnh c quy li bao gm nhiu ngn nh vy. Nhiu tm cc to ra tng din tch bn cc c nhiu hn, gip cho qu trnh phn ng xy ra ng thi ti nhiu v tr v do dng in cc i xut ra t c quy t tr s cao hn - v tt nhin l dung lng c quy cng tng ln. Do kt cu xp lp nhau gia cc tm cc ca c quy nn thng thng s cc dng v cc m khng bng nhau bi s tn dng s lm vic ca hai mt mt bn cc (nu s bn cc bng nhau th cc tm bn ra s c hai mt tri chiu cch nhau qu xa, do phn ng ha hc s khng thun li). gia cc bn cc ca c quy u c tm chn, cc tm chn ny khng dn in nhng c thm thu ln thun tin cho qu trnh phn ng xy ra khi cc cation v anion xuyn qua chng n cc in cc.

Hnh: Cc bn cc ca c quy c gn song song nhau (nh st)

Mi mt ngn cc ca c quy a-xt ch cho mc in p khong 2 n 2,2 V do t c cc mc 6, 12 V th c quy phi ghp nhiu ngn nh vi nhau, v d ghp 3 ngn thnh c quy 6V, ghp 6 ngn thnh c quy 12V. Bn c th xem hnh cu to ca c quy di y thy c cc ngn c quy c b tr nh th no.

B tr cc ngn trong mt c quy 12V (nh st)

in p ca c quy (theo dung lng) Mc d in p ca cc c quy l mt s chn ca 2, v d nh c quy 2V, 6V, 12V, 24V...nhng trn thc t th in p thng thng ca cc c quy khng nh vy. Mc in p m cc c quy cung cp thng ln hn so vi nh mc ca chng, v d nh c quy 12V s cung cp mc in p ti 13V hoc hn. C iu c v v l ny cng xut pht t mc in p trn mi ngn bnh ca chng: Mc in p mi ngn bnh c quy a-xt l 2,1 n 2,2 V (0,05V). Do tnh cht c hu ca c quy axit m cc ngn ca chng khng th c mc in p cao hn. Cng nh gi dung lng ca c quy a-xt, ngi ta c cc th nghim o c v cho thy dung lng c quy ph thuc vo mc in p (lc khng pht dng) nh hnh sau:

Biu lin quan gia in p c quy v dung lng cn li (hnh: Mikiemike)

Nu biu din dng bng th thng s nh bng di y. Nu nh c quy thuc loi 24V th nhn thng s mc in p mt ngn vi 12. Dung lng in p c quy 12V in p mt ngn 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0 12.7 12.5 12.42 12.32 12.20 12.06 11.9 11.75 11.58 11.31 10.5 2.12 2.08 2.07 2.05 2.03 2.01 1.98 1.96 1.93 1.89 1.75

Lu rng bng trn ng trong trng hp c quy khng mang ti, iu c ngha l nu nh kch in ang hot ng v bn o c in p cc c quy l mt s lng no th khng th ly gi tr nh gi lu lng bnh c quy cn li (l bao nhiu %). iu ny bi v khi pht dng th cc c quy c in p tt xung, trong

trng hp khng pht dng na th mc in p o c mi phn nh ng trng thi dung lng cn li ca c quy. Khi ang pht dng th in p c quy gim xung Cng theo bng trn th dung lng c quy s cn kit mc in p 10,5V, mt s kch in loi "in t" (tc l theo di c mc in p u vo) s ly mc 10,7V ngng hot ng nhm trnh cho s s dng c quy cn kt (gy hi cho c quy). iu l hp l bi nu nh s dng in t c quy trng thi cn kit th cc bn cc ca c quy s nhanh b h hng, dn n h hng chung cho ton b c quy (trong mt c quy 12V, ch mt trong 6 ngn h hng th ton b c quy s h hng). Cc c quy thng dng thng ch to mc in p 12V, s lng t hn l cc c quy 6V dng cho mt s qut hoc n tch in. Cc c quy 24V tr ln khng phi l khng c nhng rt him v thng vic tm kim thay th cho cc c quy ny rt kh khn ( ni lm vic c ca mnh c mt xe chy in s dng c quy 24V, khi n hng th rt kh mua c quy ny). Vy nu nh kch in ca bn s dng mc in p 24V th bn nn dng ni tip cc c quy 12V (tt nht l c cng hng sn xut, cng dung lng v cng l sn xut) li vi nhau ch khng nn nht thit phi tm kim ng loi c quy 24V cho chng. Dung lng c quy v nh hng bi ch phng Dung lng l thng s c bn, tham s ny cho bit c kh nng lu tr in nng ca c quy. n v tnh ca thng s ny c tnh thng dng theo Ah (Ampe gi), mt s c quy nh hn (v thng l cc pin) th tnh theo mc mAh (mili-ampe gi). Mt cch n gin d hnh dung v tham s dung lng c quy nh sau: Ah l tham s bng s dng in pht ra (tnh bng Ampe) trong khong thi gian no (tnh bng gi). V d nh c quy 10 Ah th c th pht mt dng in 10A trong vng mt gi, hoc 5A trong 2 gi, ... hay 1A trong 10. Nhng trn thc t th dung lng c quy li b thay i tu theo cng dng in phng ra. Nu dng in phng cng ln th dung lng c quy cn li cng nh v ngc li, dng in phng nh th dung lng c bo ton mc cao. V d v dung lng ca c quy ph thuc vo cng dng phng c th hin nh bng di y (s liu su tm) Accu 100Ah Accu 26Ah Thi gian (pht) Dng pht (A) Dung lng (Ah) Dng pht (A) Dung lng (Ah) 90 57 85 13 19 60 74 74 19 19 50 86 71 21 18 45 93 70 23 17 40 102 68 25 17 30 129 64 31 15 20 174 58 40 13 15 213 53 49 12

10

275

45

63

10

Theo bng trn th nu nh phng in vi dng 57A, c quy 100Ah ch cn dung lng l 85Ah v tng ng ch phng in c 90 pht. V a s cc kch in ang c s dng thuc loi cng sut t 800VA n 1000VA nn dng tiu th cc i s xp x vi mc 57A nu trn nn ngi dng nn ch n thng s ny. Vy th phng dng in cng ln th dung lng ca c quy cng gim i. Mun dung lng c quy ng nh s liu cng b ca cc hng sn xut th c l phi phng vi mt dng nh m ch c th thc hin c iu ny thng qua vic s dng in tit kim (s dng vi nhu cu ti thiu) hoc phi trang b mt h thng nhiu c quy. C iu g v l y chng? Nng lng tch tr trong c quy b mt i - v iu vi phm nh lut bo ton nng lng? Chc chn l khng phi, nng lng khng tiu hao i mt, n s vn nm trong c quy nhng khng th phng c ra m thi. Nhn li hnh pha trn ta thy rng khi c quy trong trng thi cn c th phng in th cc dng l PbO2 cn cc m l Pb qu trnh phng in s lm cho c hai u bin thnh PbSO4. Nu qu trnh phng in din ra mt cch t t th cc cc c ln lt chuyn thnh PbSO4 m chng khng b ln nhau (tc l lp PbSO4 ln lp PbO2 cc dng hoc Pb cc m), do dung lng c quy khng b mt i. Nu phng in vi dng in ln th phn ng xy ra mnh, PbSO4 sinh ra nhiu v bm vo cc cc ln cc lp PbO2 hoc Pb khin cho sau mt thi gian ngn th chng khng cn phn ng c na (do b nm pha trong ca bn cc), iu dn n dung lng bnh thc t b gim i. Cc tham s khc ca c quy Dng khi ng ngui CCA (Cold Cranking Amps) L mt tham s thng c quan tm khi dng c quy cho cc t m ch yu l dng cho khi ng. Dng khi ng ngui l dng in c th pht ra c trong trng thi nhit 0 F (tc bng - 17,7 C) trong vng 30 giy. Tham s ny thng ch c quan tm ti cc nc c nhit thp (di 0 C), khi vic khi ng ca ng c gp kh khn v nht du khng m bo v vic cc phn ng ha hc xy ra trong iu kin nhit thp thng kh khn hn so vi khi nhit cao. Dng khi ng nng HCA (Hot Cranking Amps) Tng t nh dng khi ng ngui, nhng n c tnh ti nhit 80 F (tc khong 26,7 C). Tham s ny thng t quan trng hn so vi thng s khi ng ngui (v thng s ny cng t khi c ghi vo nhn ca cc c quy). Dung lng RC (Reserve Capacity) L tham s th hin thi gian phng in vi dng 25A nhit 25 C cho n khi in p c quy h xung di mc s dng c. Thng s ny kh trc quan, th hin s hot ng lin tc ca c quy ch bnh thng vi nhu cu s dng thng thng (a phn ngi dng kch in thng pht dng mc ny). Trn y l cc thng s ca mt c quy. Tt c cc c quy u ghi thng s v in p v dung lng, cn li hai thng s kh quan trng sau n l CCA v RC th t c ghi

trn nhn ca chng hn. C nhn ti th thng thin cm i vi cc loi c quy c ghi r rng cc thng s nh vy bi n gn nh mt s m bo v cht lng cng b. So snh hai loi c quy thng dng Th trng hin c hai loi c quy thng dng l: c quy axt kiu h v c quy axt thit k theo kiu kn kh min bo dng (loi ny hay b gi l c quy kh nhng thc ra th dng t ny l khng ng lm bi c quy kh mt cch chnh xc l loi c quy khng dng in dch). S khc nhau gia hai loi c quy ny th hin trong bng sau: Tiu ch c quy axt thng thng (loi h) c quy axt loi kn kh. t hn so vi c quy thng thng, nhiu hng phi nhp nc ngoi (V d loi ATLAS nhp t Hn Quc, Thunder do GS nhp khu). Khng c nt cc ngn bnh, thng ghi r c quy khng cn bo dng v bnh hoc ti liu km theo. Tng ng nhau, nhng sau khi pht dng in ln th c quy kn kh thng phc hi in p nhanh hn, tuy nhin iu ny khng nh hng n hot ng ca kch in. - Khi np c quy khng pht sinh kh ra mi trng bn ngoi nn khng c mi. - Dng in np c th ln ti 0,25 ln tr s dung lng c quy (v d loi 100 Ah c th np vi dng ln nht l 25A) - Khng phi b sung in dch trong qu trnh s dng. - Phi np in nh k trong thi gian khng s dng, nhng chu k np nh k di hn so vi loi c quy axt thng thng.

Gi thnh R hn so vi loi c quy kn kh bi ch to n gin hn. Cch phn C cc nt cc ngn bnh (dng bit hai b sung nc ct sau qu trnh s loi dng), nu c quy 12V th s c 6 nt ny. Trng thi Tng ng nhau phng in Trng thi khi np in v dng np cho php - Khi np c th pht ra kh chy hoc kh c mi khi chu. - Dng in np ln nht ch nn bng 0,1 ln tr s dung lng c quy (V d loi 100Ah ch nn np vi dng cao nht l 10A)

Ch - Nu mc in dch tng ngn c bo dng quy thp hn quy nh th phi b sung. - nh k phi np in b sung cho c quy. Chu k np nh k khong 3 thng/ln nu khng ni vi thit b tiu th in. Tui th Tui th thp hn so vi loi c quy kn kh.

Thng c tui th cao hn so vi c quy loi h thng thng.

So bng trn th bn thy rng c quy kn kh s c nhiu u vit hn so vi c quy axt thng thng, nu tnh hnh ti chnh cho php th bn nn chn loi c quy kn kh. Nu s dng loi c quy axt thng thng th cn lu n iu chnh dng np v c bit lu khng gy pht sinh tia la (do chm chp dy hoc ht thuc) gn c quy khi np bi chng d gy chy n hn loi kn kh (qu trnh np c th xy ra s in phn nc to ra hai cht kh d chy n l Hir v xy).

Ngoi hai loi thng dng trn th th trng cng c mt s loi c quy kh mt cch thc s, chng vn dng c bn cc bng PbO2 v Pb vi in mi H2SO4 nhng c tr dng keo st (gel). u im ca loi c quy ny l chng khng gy mi kh chu khi np in, khng gy chy axit khi b v, c th hot ng cc v tr t khc nhau. Nhc im l ch np kht khe v khng chu c qu np (khi np loi ny ch c np vi dng nh hn 1/20 dung lng), nu thng xuyn qu np loi c quy ny th tui th ca chng s gim rt nhanh.

SC V BO DNG C QUYc quy c vn hnh tt v bn theo thi gian nu nh c ch phng in ph hp v ch np tt, phn di y s trnh by phng php np vo bo dng c quy m bo ko di thi gian s dng cho cc c quy. Np (sc) c quy Cch np chung Rt nhiu hng sn xut c quy a ra phng php np c quy nh sau:

Vi c quy axt loi h, np vi dng in bng 1/10 dung lng bnh trong thi gian 10 gi. in p np 14,5V n 15V (ring hng Tia Sng hng dn np vi dng bng 1/20 dung lng cho mt s loi c quy h). Vi c quy axt loi kn kh: np vi dng in ti a 2,5/10 dung lng bnh, trong thi gian 4 gi hoc np vi dng in 1/10 dung lng bnh trong 10 gi in p 14,5 n 15V.

Hu nh cc t hng dn s dng km bo hnh ca cc bnh c quy thng ghi nh trn, trn mt s website cng hng dn nh vy. Ti nhn thy c vn khng n trong cch thc np nh vy! V in p np v dng in np th cha c g ng ni, nhng v mt thi gian th c th l khng hp l. Nu nh c quy dng cn th thi gian np nh trn l ph hp, nhng nu nh c quy ch s dng ht 50% (hoc mt con s no khc ln hn 20%) th khi np vi dng in v thi gian nh trn s c thi im c quy y m vn b cng bc np thm. Cc trng hp np thm qu mc u gy gim th cho c quy. Vy th np th no l hp l? Ch tt nht c l nn giao ph cho cc b np t ng c thit k tt, chng s t o in p c quy v ch st gim in p sau mt thi gian tin hnh np cho c quy n thi im y in. Cch thc vn hnh mt b np nh vy bn c th xem mt video ngn di y. on video ny l giai on np t ch np duy tr ca h thng c quy ca ti t mc 13,40V n mc np 13,7V ca cc bnh c quy axt kn kh. B np ti ang dng trong video ny thuc loi in t, dng ngun xung nn rt thun tin iu khin ch np. Khi np th n ch th nhp nhy, khi np th n ngng nhp nhy. Bn s thy thi im ban u b np s a mt mc in p ln, in p bnh tng nhanh t mc 13,7V, sau b np ngng cp in v h bnh c quy ngay lp tc tt in p xung, sau np li cp mt mc in p cao a in p ln...quy trnh ny din ra vi ln cho n khi b np cp mt mc in p ph hp

np in p c quy dn ln n mc 13,7V th ngng li. Nh vy c th thy b np khng hon ton nhm mt nhm mi np in m cn c thi gian ngng o in p c quy, o dng in np la chn mc in p v dng np ph hp vi ch iu chnh (ta nh vic chng ta khng i n ch ri phanh gp - m bt u phanh on gn ch vy).

B np c quy t ng ca AST cht lng rt tt cho np c quy

Nu nh khng c b np t ng th th no? Bn c th np theo ch phi gim st dng in v in p ca c quy. Mun thc hin iu ny t nht phi c mt b np c th iu chnh c in p np (chng hn mt b np bng bin p c nhiu nc u ra). Ban u c th t in p sao cho dng in mc di 1/10 dung lng bnh hoc nh hn na, sau gim st in p c quy (khi vn ang ch np) sao cho chng thp hn mc 13,8V ( an ton, c th t mc ny cao hn). Khi n mc in p ny th cn gim in p np sao cho chng gi mc in p 13,8V khng i trong khong vi gi, sau ngt bnh khi b np v iu chnh sao cho mc in p u ra khng ti ca b np mc 13,8V ri ng bnh vo np trong thi gian di sau (hng chc gi cng c). Lu rng sau khi iu chnh in p 13,8V ch khng ni vi c quy, khi ng li th in p s st gim - bi khi c dng th mc in p ny chc chn s gim i, lc khng cn iu chnh g na, dng in s gim dn cho n khi n cn khong vi chc mA th in p c quy s mc xp x 13,8V. iu chnh c dng np v mc in p th c l cn mt b np c iu chnh. LiOA c mt sn phm phc v cho nhu cu ny cc mc: Dng 15A (ph hp vi cc bnh di 150Ah) hoc dng 30A (ph hp vi h thng cc bnh c dung lng tng nh hn 300Ah), ngoi ra cn mc in p iu chnh 0 n 18V; 0 n 36V (v cn c loi cho php iu chnh 2 n 50V nhng hin nay khng thy sn phn ny gii thiu trn website ca LiOA). C th xem lot sn phm ny trn website ca LiOA.

Khi dng b np LiOA nu trn bn c th c mt ch np khc na: l iu chnh mc in p u ra ban u khi khng ni vo c quy l 14,4V sau ni b np vi c quy, ngay sau khi ni th mc in p trn hai cc c quy s gim xung tu thuc vo tnh trng y/cn ca c quy nhng dng in np lc ny s c hin th trn ng h o dng ca b np. Nu dng in lc ny ln hn tr s 1/10 dung lng c quy th cn iu chnh li mc in p np sao cho dng ny v tr s 1/10C, nu nh dng o c bi ng h lc ny nh hn 1/10C th hy nguyn nh vy. Sau mt thi gian th in p trn hai cc c quy s tng ln v dng np nh dn i, mc in p ngy cng chm chp v cn i chng n mc 13,8V th bt u iu chnh li: Hy ngt c quy khi b np v iu chnh mc in p u ra ca b np l 13,8V ri u vo c quy. Ngay khi ng ni c quy vi b np th in p s tt xung mt mc no , hy c nh vy mt thi gian th thy mc in p ny tng dn ln - cho n khi chng t 13,8V (c l phi mt hng chc gi hoc hn) th dng in np s gim dn v 0. Cho n khi dng np ch cn bng 50-150 mA cho mi dung lng 100Ah th c l l qu trnh np s hon tt. n y bn c th thy rng vic np th cng qu l phc tp v nht thit cn s gim st. ng nh vy, nu gim st tt th khi np s khng c hin tng bnh nng ln hoc bnh c quy h si tm mnh lit (nh si ln) - mi l ch np m bo an ton cho c quy. Nu nh s gim st trn l mt thi gian v khin bn khng yn tm khi m sao nhng mt thi gian di khng ch n n th bn c th np theo phng php t dng in ln trong thi im ban u (tun theo mc dng cho php bng 1/10 dung lng c quy), sau c th nhm tnh s b dung lng c quy dng (bng cch nhm s cng sut dng trong thi gian bao lu tnh ra lng Ah tiu th), sau cn c vo dng np hin ti v mc dung lng cn thiu m s b np t hot ng trong khong thi gian m n phi b cho lng thiu ht (chng hn nh c chng thiu 40Ah, khi np bng dng 10A th phi 4 gi sau mi phi quan tm n n gim st lin tc). Nu nhm tnh c nh vy th bn s "nhn" hn trong qu trnh gim st ch np ca c quy. n y bn s thy rng qu trnh np kh phc tp phi khng - cn ti th ngi rng s din gii ca mnh kh long ngong v khin bn kh hiu. V ng l n y ti hiu ti sao cc hng sn xut c quy li ch gi gn gii thch cho mt dng ngn ngi "np vi dng in 1/10 dung lng c quy trong 10 gi" ri - n qu thc l cch din gii n gin nht. V mi s phc tp c th gii quyt c khi m bn c mt b np t ng - hoc kch in ca bn c ch np t ng v ch np ny phi hot ng ng n. Nhng qu tht, sau khi thy nhiu bn ln ting v vic kch in ca hng H b li phn np trn din n Webtretho th ti thy rng cng khng nn qu tin tng vo cc kch in - m phi kim tra ch np ca chng. Cch thc kim tra n gin nht l bt k mt ch np chun no cng khng c lm bnh c quy nng ln ti tm nhit 45 n 50 ! Nu c hin tng ny xy ra th ch np ca kch in hot ng khng ng - dn n vic nhanh h hng cc c quy ca bn. Np c quy theo tng loi ring bit

Cch thc np th cng nu trn thng ch ph hp cho loi c quy axit thng thng (kn kh hoc loi h), trn thc t th cng l loi in p np v np c quy s dng axit H2SO4 nhng chng c cu to bn cc ci ni (float) ca mt s loi c quy khc tin i t hiu sut lm vic cao. Bn xem hnh bn v thng s hng dn ngi dng thit t ch np v np ni ca mt loi kch in s thy ch np ca cc loi c quy ny s ti u vi cc thng s khc nhau. Tu thuc vo cc loi c quy m bn c th la chn cc thng s np v np ni cho ph hp. V d theo bng trn, vi loi c quy Ch-Axit kn kh (sealed lead acid) c mc in p np l 14,4V, np ni l 13,6V. c quy Ch-Axt loi h in p np 14,8V v np ni 13,8V... Do phn ln cc c quy thuc loi ny nn hu nh cc kch in u t thng s np ni l 13,8V. Nh vy bn cn cn c vo loi c quy m mnh ang s dng thuc loi no c th c ch np ph hp hoc c cho php cc kch in np ni cho c quy ca mnh khng. Trong trng hp nu khng mun cho kch in np ni c quy ca bn trong thi gian di (do thng s khng ph hp) bn c th lp thm cc aptomat ngt c quy ra khi kch in, xem v cch lp ti bi vit ny trn cng blog. Lu v vic np c quy kiu h: Khi np vi dng in nh (v d khi ph np thng xuyn) th bn c th qun khng m cc np ca cc ngn c quy ra c, nhng khi np chu k vi dng in ln th nht thit phi m cc np ny cc kh thot ra trong qu trnh np. y cng l mt s phin phc trong qu trnh s dng cc c quy kiu h - do nn hn ch s dng c quy kiu h trong cc kch in. Np dng ln hay dng nh th tt? C mt cu hi t ra l khi np c quy, la chn dng nh th tt hay l dng ln th tt? C nhiu ngi cho rng phi np bng dng in ln n tr s 1/10 dung lng c quy th tt.C nhiu ngi tin rng ch np 3 giai on hin nay l cc tt - m trong th giai on u tin ca vic np c quy chnh l a mt dng in ln vo np. Ch np 3 giai on m ngi ta cho rng lm tng tui th ca c quy nh sau: Giai on 1: Np vi dng in khng i mc ti a cho php ca c quy. Giai on 2: Np vi in p khng i (theo bng in p hnh pha trn ph hp vi tng loi c quy). Giai on 3: Gi mc in p np ni ca c quy (theo bng trn). Vic np bng dng in cng cao s lm cho phn ng xy ra nhanh, mnh lit v to ra nhiu PbO2 cc dng, Pb cc m. Vic to ra cc lp PbO2 trn cc dng (hoc Pb cc m) vi tc ln s lm cho PbO2 d ph ln mt ngoi cc lp PbSO4 v to ra hin tng trn bn cc s c hai thnh phn nm xen k nhau: PbSO4 nm pha trong v PbO2 nm pha ngoi bao ph ln. Khi m lp PbO2 cc dng bao ph ht b mt bn cc th chng ngn cn vic PbSO4 pha trong phn ng tr thnh PbO2 c na - v lc ny cc bn cc d b sun pht ho nu trong thi gian di.nhau (hnh ca mt loi kch in).

Nh vy th np chm l tt? C l l nh vy nu nh c thi gian cho qu trnh np . Chng hn nh hm nay mt in, sau khi c in tr li th c quy bt u c np, qu trnh np chm mt khong 2 ngy mi hon thnh th ngy mai chng may c mt in - c quy lc cha y phng in nn b phng yu, qu trnh din ra nhiu ln s dn n c quy lun trng thi i v cng b sun pht ho bn cc. Ch lm vic ca cc UPS cng vy - ngi ta lun phi tnh n cc trng hp in li b yu km hoc b mt in li trong mi thi im - do ch np ca cc c quy trong UPS c thit k sao cho ti u nht trong iu kin phi np nhanh nht. Nhu cu s dng kch in cha chc i hi cn np gp nh vy (bi c thi im nm 2010 khi ct in lun phin th cao im nht l ngy mt v ngy c, thi gian c in xen k vt qua con s 24-36h) nn khng nht thit phi np vi mt dng in ln ngay t ban u. Vy th np dng ln hay dng nh cn tu thuc vo tn sut hot ng ca c quy nu iu kin cho php th tt nht nn np bng dng nh. H thng c dng phng nh v dng np nh th tui th c quy s tng ln, tuy nhin km theo iu ny li phi u t nhiu c quy mc song song v gy tn km. Nu nh khng mt in thng xuyn hoc s dng kch in nh mt s d phng cho cc thi im mt in (hoc qu ti bin p trong khu vc) th vic u t nhiu c quy l khng kinh t. Np cc h c quy mc song song nhau Khi bn c mt h thng nhiu c quy mc song song nhau th c hai cch np: np tng c quy ring l hoc sng ng thi ton b c quy. Nu nh np tng c quy ring l th bn nn ngt cc c quy khc ra khi h thng, sau np y mt hoc nhm bnh c quy . Sau ngt hon ton cc bnh cc bnh np y np cc bnh cha c np. Sau khi cc bnh y hon ton th i chng n nh mt thi gian n khi cc in p trn cc bnh sn sn nh nhau th ng chng li chung vo h thng. Cch np ng thi cc bnh c quy mc song song c l l cch np n gin hn v m bo cc bnh c dng np c th thp v lm tng tui th c quy. Tuy vy khi np song song cn lu mt s vn sau: Khi np cn lu o dng np trn tng c quy m bo rng dng np khng vt qu gii hn 1/10 dung lng ca c quy . V d c th: Nu bn c hai c quy 100Ah ni song song nhau, khi np bn thy mi c quy c dng np nh hn 10A th tt, nhng trn mt c quy c dng 12A v mt c quy c dng 8A th s l khng c v s chnh lch c mt dng vt qu mc khuyn co. Hin tng np lch dng cc c quy mc song song c th do cc bnh a vo s dng khng cng thi im (chic mua trc, chic mua sau) hoc cc bnh c hng sn xut khc nhau, c kiu loi khc nhau (loi kn kh hoc loi c quy h), dung lng khc nhau ... Nu nh xy ra hin tng dng np lch nhau nh trn bn c th gim dng np dng ph hp nht vi tng nhnh song song - hoc chuyn sang np tng bnh hoc tng cm bnh. Np cc h c quy mc ni tip nhau

Khi kch in s dng mc in p 24V hoc cao hn th cn ni tip cc c quy vi nhau. i vi cch lp ni tip s c trnh by phn sau, y ch xin lu mt cht v cch np vi h thng ny.

Khi np th ch np cng tng t c quy 12V, nhng cc thng s c nhn 2 ln. (V d mc 13,8V th tr thnh 27,6V). Dung lng dng tnh dng in ch ly theo mt c quy, v d u 2 c quy 12V 100Ah ni tip nhau th s coi nh bng 1 c quy 24V 100Ah nn dng np 1/10 cng ch bng 10A. Trong qu trnh np cn o mc in p trn tng c quy xem c s chnh lch nhau khng, nu chnh lch qu ln th nn ngng np v chuyn sang np ring cho tng c quy bng b np 12V. Thng thng nu nh ch np b lch nhau th khi phng in cng s lch nhau, dn n vic h hng trc mt c quy.

Gii thch thm v lu th 3 trn: S chnh lch in p trn hai c quy ang mc ni tip s xy ra khi chng khng c cng tnh trng nh nhau (mt c mt mi hoc cho d cng mua nhng hai c quy hai l khc nhau, c sn xut thi gian khc nhau...c ngha l cc c quy lch nhau), khi o in p trn tng c quy s ra kt qu khc nhau. Trong trng hp ny th cn dng b np cho mt c quy tm thi mc vo hai u mt c quy np cho chng y hon ton. Ti cc nh my in, cc trm phn phi thng s dng cc h thng nhiu c quy ni tip nhau nh vy phc v iu khin v ng ct. H c quy ni tip c ph np thng xuyn theo ch np ni v theo nh k c kim tra tng bnh mt sn sng ph np hoc thay th nu khng thng s. C nhng h thng hot ng hng vi chc nm nh vy m vn cha b hng - chnh v l do ny m ti ngh rng trong dn dng nu ph np v c ch s dng hp l cng s s dng c bn nh vy. Bo qun v bo dng c quy Bo dng bng ph np Ma h nm ngoi (2010) nhiu ngi mua kch in v km theo l b c quy, nm nay cng nhiu ngi mua v phn ln kh nng l khng phi dng n bi khng b mt in na. Nu nh kch in c hng chc nm m khng hng th c quy nu khng c bo dng s hng ngay sau vi thng hoc mt nm tu theo tnh trng c ni trc tip gia c quy vi kch in hay khng v dng in tiu th ca kch in l bao nhiu khi trng thi khng lm vic. Nu nh kch in c th ngt hon c quy ra khi kch bng mt cng tc ngun (thng cc kch in t loi cho ra sng m phng hnh sin s c chc nng ngt nh vy) th kch in s khng lm tiu tn c quy, do c th c quy trng mt thi gian di. Cn li cc kch in tiu th in ca c quy trong ch ch th nn ngt hon ton c quy ra khi kch in a vo ch bo qun/bo dng. Lu rng ch nn thc hin iu ny nu nh khng s dng hng tun hoc thi gian di hn. Khi ngt hon ton c quy khi kch in (c th qua cc aptomat ni bi trc) th tu theo b np m bn hin c c th c ch bo dng khc nhau:

- nh k np b sung cho c quy. Nu nh hng c quy Tia Sng ngh np 3 thng mt ln cho cc c quy nc v 9 thng mt ln i vi cc c quy kn kh (9 thng l vi nhit mi trng t 30 n 40 C) th tt hn l np bo dng trong thi gian ngn hn: tc khong 1 thng/1 ln. Vic np bo dng hng thng s thun li cho vic bt k thi im no cng c th s dng kch in pht ra in 220V s dng trong gia nh - chng hn mt thi im no nhiu ngi cng s dng khin cho bin p ca khu vc (khu ph) b qu ti, nhy bo v khin cho khu vc b mt in khong 30 pht. Vic np nh k thc hin tng t nh khi va s dng kch in: ng in vo kch v cm ngun t kch in vo li in thc hin ch np, tuy nhin tu thuc vo thi gian khng c quy l lu hay nhanh m c quy s nhanh y hoc khng. Nn s dng mt ng h o in p gia hai cc c quy kim tra qu trnh np ny. Thng thng mi thng np mt ln th ch cn np khong 30 pht l c quy y in. - Ph np thng xuyn cho kch in: y l cch thc hp l nht cho kch in bi trnh s lng qun bo dng c quy khi m hng nm tri khng mt in c th phi bt kch. Ph np thng xuyn l cch cn bng dng in t phng ca c quy khi khng s dng. phn trn bn c th thy mc in p np ni (float) th y c phi l mc in p ph np thng xuyn hay khng? Trong trng hp kch in hot ng thng xuyn (chng hn ct in lun phin th s dng kch in l thng xuyn) th ch np ni ny trong vi chc gi s gip cho c quy m bo y hon ton. Hu dng nht ca np ni c l l UPS online hoc kch in hot ng ch online: Trong khi phn AC/DC cung cp mt in p n nh cho phn DC/AC (m khng chuyn sang ch by pass) th mc in p n nh ny chnh bng in p np ni ca h thng c quy - vy khi UPS online c in li th cho d khng ch by pass th chng cng khng tiu th in t c quy. Mc ph np theo mt ngi vit trn Wikipedia ting Vit th vo khong 12,8 n 13,5V i vi c quy Ch-Axt, mt s trang khc ngh mc 12,8 n 13,2V. c c mc in p chun th c l cn phi thc hin mt lot th nghim: S dng mt n p mt chiu iu chnh mc in p t 12,8V n 13,5 V r xem mc in p no c dng in ph np l nh nht - lc dng in c v s cn bng vi mc t phng ca c quy. Ti th nh vy v thy rng mc in p 13,3V cho nhit 25 C v 13,4V nhit 30 C l ph hp cho vic ph np thng xuyn. Sau khi ph np thng xuyn trong khong mt thng, bn c th kim tra hiu qu ca mc ph np ny c m bo hay khng, vic kim tra c th thc hin bng cch s dng mt b np chun o thi gian np h c quy c ph np cho n khi chng y hon ton. Nu h ph np m bo (tc cung cp p v dng) th thi gian np c quy cho n y ch vo khong vi pht. Nu xem hnh video pha trn bn s thy rng vi b b np in t c dng ln nht l 3A m ch mt khong 10 pht l np y cho h thng c quy 400Ah sau mt thng 'ngm' ch ph np 13,4V. Bo dng cho c quy h

Cc c quy axt thuc loi h thng c cc np thun tin cho vic b sung nc ct, cc np u c mt l nh thng hi. Cc l thng hi ny c tc dng thot cc kh d chy trong qu trnh np nhng li c th lm cho bi c th xm nhp vo bn trong c quy. c quy hot ng tt th c gng t n ti nhng ni va thng thong li va ... khng bi (bi thng thng khi np vi dng in ln th nh sn xut s khuyn co bn m cc nt thng hi ny). Trong cc qu trnh np in, c quy h lm thot ra mt lng kh hydro v oxy m hai kh ny c tch ra khi nc nn s lm hao ht nc trong bnh. Bnh thng cc bnh c quy h s c cc vch ngi dng d nhn bit mc nc trong bnh c cn hay khng c th b sung. Nu nh bn thy mc dung dch trong cc ngn thp hn mc vch thp nht th cn thit b sung nc ct vo cc ngn sao cho mc dung dch bn trong nm gia hai vch mc l m bo (nn b sung cho n mc trn ca vch). Dung dch b sung vo c quy tuyt i ch s dng dung dch nc ct c sn xut sn cho vic b sung c quy hoc dung dch nc ct iu ch trong ngnh y t. Khng c s dng nc ma hoc nc ging hay bt k loi nc no khc khng phi nc ct bi chng c th cha cc khong cht v lm cho cc khong ny bm vo cc in cc - lm gim hiu sut ca c quy. Cng khng c b sung dung dch axt long nh nhiu th sa xe my thng khuyn lm vy. Thng thng th vic np c quy nu dng in ln s lm tht thot H2SO4 v c th gy thiu ht H2SO4 nn trc y ngi ta ch ra loi dung dch H2SO4 long 5% b sung thm vo c quy. Hin nay cc hng sn xut u khng cho php vic b sung thm cc dung dch axt long nh vy nn chng ta khng thc hin theo li khuyn ny. Np x nh k tng bn c quy? Mt s ngi cho rng vic np x nh k s lm c quy bn hn, h thc hin nh k hng thng hoc vi thng th x hon ton c quy sau li np li. C l xut pht ca suy ngh ny l c mt s loi pin np yu cu phi x v np nh k tng tui th bi loi pin ny c hin tng "nh" ch np v phng ca n. c quy khng c hin tng "nh" trng thi nh loi pin n, nhng trong mt s trng hp c th th vic np x cng c ngha nht nh. Sau mt qung thi gian hot ng lin tc (v d sau thi gian ct in lun phin, c thng bo khng ct in na) th nn phng hon ton n mc cn kit (10,5V10,7V) bng dng in nh (nh hn 5% dung lng bnh) ri np li vi dng in nh (cng nh hn 5% dung lng bnh) cho n khi y hon ton. Thi gian thc hin qu trnh ny c th mt vi ngy nhng cn cn gi c th gim st v np li ngay sau khi c quy c phng ht in. Hnh ng ny c th loi b hon ton PbSO4 c th nm lp trong ca cc bn cc. Khng cn thc hin cch thc ny nu h thng thng xuyn phng v np vi dng thp hoc khng cn thc hin nh k sau mt khong thi gian no nu nh ang thc hin qu trnh ph np thng xuyn vi mc in p thp (13,1-13,4V).

S DNG C QUY TRONG KCH IN

Phn ny s trnh by vic tnh ton chn dung lng c quy trong cho kch in ca bn ph hp vi nhu cu s dng v m bo tin li, tit kim. Tnh ton chn dung lng c quy Dung lng c quy th hin kh nng lu tr in nng ca c quy, dung lng cng ln th kh nng lu tr cng nhiu. pht c thi gian lu th dung lng c quy phi ln, nhng cng ln th chi ph phi cng cao, do vn quan tm l tnh ton dung lng bao nhiu ph hp vi s tin u t. Mc d rng cng thc tnh ton ny c trnh by trong cc bi trc hoc bn gp nhiu trn Internet, nhng ti vn trnh by li y v c thm mt cht lu v la chn h s m bo tng bn s dng c quy. Tham s tnh ton bao gm: Cng sut s dng trung bnh (tnh theo W) trong thi gian (tnh bng gi). Cng thc tnh nh sau: Dung lng c quy (Ah) = [Thi gian s dng (gi) x Cng sut s dng trung bnh (W) ] / [in p c quy (V) x 0,7] Theo cng thc trn, v d mun s dng kch in trong 10 gi vi cng sut s dng trung bnh 200W vi kch in s dng c quy 12V th: Dung lng c quy = [10 (gi) x 200 (W)] : [12 (V) x 0,7] v d tnh ra kt qu l 238 Ah. Nu nh kch in ca bn s dng c quy 24V (hoc 48V) th cng thc s dng phi tnh theo cng thc sau: Dung lng c quy = [10 (gi) x 200 (W)] : [24 (V) x 0,7] v kt qu d dng tnh ra l 119 Ah. Vy th s dng kch in 24V s li hn so vi vic s dng c quy 12V (bi thy kt qu tnh ra l khc nhau)? Khng phi nh vy bi nng lng khng th t sinh ra, mc nng lng ca hai bnh c quy 100Ah s lun khng i cho dng chng c mc song song hay ni tip. Trong cng thc trn, kt qu mc dung lng 238Ah l tnh cho c quy 12V, do chng tch tr 238 x 12 = 2856 Wh, cn mc 119 Ah l tnh cho c quy 24V nn chng l 119 x24 = 2856 Wh - vy chng ging nhau, nhng c c in p 24V th bt buc phi ni tip 2 c quy 12V. Trong cng thc tnh trn ta coi tng hp cc h s tn tht (tn tht trn kch in, tn tht bi kh nng phng in ca c quy...) c h s 0,7. Thng s ny ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nn n c th thay i theo xu hng tng ln (nu h thng hiu sut cao) hoc gim i. an ton cho s dng v tng bn ca c quy th nn s dng h s ny theo hng gim i, v d tnh bng 0,6 hoc 0,5. L gii iu ny bi cch tnh ly h s 0,7 ch ng trong trng hp s dng c quy n cn kit v nu s dng nh vy th thng lm tui th c quy gim nhanh dn n sm phi u t h thng mi. u ni cc c quy trong kch in

Vic u ni cc c quy trong kch in tng rng kh n gin th cng c nhiu vn cn lu , mc ch ca chng m bo sao cho s dng c quy mt cch an ton nht v nng cao tui th ca c quy. Cc kch in thng dng nht hin nay s dng loi c quy 12V, cn li s dng mc in p 24V v cc mc in p cao hn (48V, 96V hoc cao hn), mnh trnh bay hai cch u ni c quy: cho mc 12V v cho mc 24V m khng trnh by cc cch u ni in p cao hn bi mi loi cn li s tng t cch u ni vi mc 24V. u ni song song cc c quy tng dung lng Nu nh kch in s dng in p 12V th ch vic ni cc dng c quy vi dy dng ca kch in (thng l dy mu ), cc m ca c quy i vi dy m ca kch in (thng l dy mu en). y l cch u ni n gin nht v cng thng gp nht trong a s ngi s dng hin nay. Th nhng m bo tng bn c quy hay tng dung lng lu tr ko di thi gian s dng hay n gin l vic u t thm cc c quy sau tng thi gian ... th s c nhng trng hp mc 2 hay nhiu c quy song song nhau cng cp in cho h thng. Khi u ni cc c quy song song nhau th c vi vn cn t ra: Vic u ni song song c lm cho cc c quy phng in sang nhau khng? Dng np ca tng c quy trong h thng c vt qu tr s khuyn co hay khng. Vy c iu kin g mc cc c quy song song nhau hay khng? Trc ht th vic u cc c quy song song cn phi u cng loi c quy: dng c quy kn kh th ton h thng phi dng cng loi kn kh, dng c quy h th tt c nn phi s dng c quy h. C yu cu ny bi in p np hoc ch bo dng ca cc c quy cng loi th ging nhau. Sau iu kin t ra l cc c quy cng c dung lng gn nhau cng tt - tuy nhin iu kin ny c th khng quan trng nu nh sau ny ta o dng np ca chng l ph hp vi tng c quy trong h thng song song . u song song cc c quy ch cn u cc cc m c quy chc chn vi nhau ri u c nh vo dy m ca kch in, sau ni cc dy dng c quy vo cc nhnh ca cc aptomat tp nh trnh by bi trc, cc u cn li ca cc aptomat c u vi nhau v u vi cc dng ca kch in. Ly li hnh ca entry trc nh sau:

Trong hnh trn l cc aptomat (loi "tp") C20 - kp c ti s dng cho h thng 8 c quy mc song song. Cc dy pha di aptomat c u vi cc cc dng ca c quy, cc dy pha trn c ni vi dy dng ca kch in v cc dy dng ca cc b np bn ngoi (dy m ca cc b np ngoi cng c ni vi h cc m ca c quy. Nu c nhiu c quy v c iu kin th bn c th ni mi cc m ca c quy vo mt thanh ci ri ni dy m ca kch in vo thanh ci m bo dng in phn phi u, cn nu c t c quy th iu ny khng quan trng. Sau khi u ni h thng song song nh trn ln u tin bn khng c ng cc aptomat ngay m cn phi ln lt np y cc c quy, kim tra in p tng t nhau ri mi ng cc aptomat. Lc ny s c hin tng cc c quy np sang nhau cn bng in p - tuy nhin dng np ny l rt nh v chng s sm v 0 sau vi pht. L do m bn khng ngi rng chng s np sut ngy sang nhau bi v khi m in p cc c quy ch chnh nhau khong vi chc mV th dng np ca chng s rt nh. Khi s dng kch in, in p ca cc c quy s gim i, dng in lc ny ca tng c quy s cng phng vo kch in. Lc ny c hin tng cc c quy np sang nhau hay khng? Khng, bi v pha lm st in p ang l kch in, do th tu tng kh nng ca tng c quy m lc ny n s phng dng ln hay dng in b hn vo pha kch in. Nu nh mt h thng c quy ng u nhau v cht lng cn nh nhau, c u ni tt th dng phng ca tng c quy lc s xp x nhau. Khi np in cho h thng cc c quy song song th c trnh by phn trn. Lu khi u ni song song l khng bao gi c ni cc c quy vi nhau khi chng khng c cng np y (hoc cng vi nh nhau - nhng vi l khng kim sot c), vic ni mt c quy y in v mt c quy b ht in c th lm c quy pht ra mt dng ln v c th gy n c quy. Tt nht l nn cng np v cng x c h thng c quy song song nh vy m bo chng c bn nht (xin xem lu v dng in np pha trn - dng np nh bao gi cng tt cho c quy). Vic u ni song song cc c quy c mt nhc im: Nu bt k mt c quy no b chp hai bn cc vi nhau th tt c cc c quy cn li s phng in vo c quy , lm cho c quy ny b qu np v nng dn ln. Vy th vic s dng cc aptomat u ni cc c quy lc ny t ra c tc dng - n s ngt chic c quy b chp bn cc kia khi h thng. Nhng vic chp cc bn cc 1 trong 6 ngn ca c quy ch l chuyn rt t khi xy ra bi gia cc bn cc bao gi cng c cc tm ngn nhm trnh hin tng ny - v nu c xy ra th k c h thng c 1 c quy cng s b nng ln trong qu trnh np chng. u ni tip cc c quy Khi cc kch in c cng sut ln th khng th s dng mc in p 12V m chuyn sang s dng cc mc in p cao hn: 24V, 36V, 48V hoc cao hn na. Khi cc kch in s dng cc mc in p ny th phi mc ni tip cc c quy 12V li vi nhau. Vic mc ni tip cc c quy 12V vi nhau thc ra ch l mt hnh thc ghp ni 'bn ngoi', trn thc t th cc c quy 12V cng ghp ni tip 6 ngn c quy 2V li vi nhau t mc 12V. Vic ni tip hai c quy vi nhau cho in p ln hn c thc hin bng cch: Ni cc dng c quy th nht vi cc dng kch in, cc m c quy th nht ni

vi cc dng c quy th hai, cc m c quy th hai ni vi dy m ca kch in. Nu nh bn thy iu ny long ngong phc tp th tt nht l bn nn nh mt ai thnh tho hn thc hin vic ni ny ^^ - nu khng c th bn ni cc c quy nhm ln cc v khin chng pht n. iu kin ca vic ghp ni cc c quy vi nhau l chng phi c cng kiu, cng dung lng v tt nht l cng hng sn xut, c cng thi gian v ch s dng nh nhau (chng c ghp ni vi nhau t u ch khng nn l c sn mt c quy dng mt thi gian ri mua thm mt c quy mi ghp ni tip vi chng). C iu kin nh vy bi cc c quy ni tip s lun hot ng vi dng in phng hoc dng in np nh nhau. Nu c s lch nhau gia hai bnh th khi np chng (vn ch ni tip) s c hin tng mt bnh b np y qu trong khi bnh kia vn cha kp y - m my np ch quan tm n in p tng ca c hai bnh t mc hay cha. Mt lu hi tha rng khng bao gi ni tip cc c quy s dng cho cc kch in c in p s dng 12V! u ni hn hp u ni hn hp l s mc ni tip nhiu c quy thnh mt nhnh (cho mc 24V, 36V hoc 48V) sau ni song song cc nhnh ny vi nhau. y ch l kt hp gia hai cch u ni trn nn cn ch n c hai yu cu nh lit k pha trn. Vic u ni hn hp c khuyn co rng khng c ni qu 3 nhnh song song, tuy vy nu kim sot tt dng np v lp t cc cu ch (hoc aptomat) cho cc nhnh th vn c th u ni nhiu hn 3 nhnh (l gii v iu ny c th xem phn trn). C mt s ni dung khc v c quy hoc cc thc mc lin quan n c quy c ti trnh by ti mt mc ring mang tn: Hi p v kch in v c quy cng trn blog ny. ___________________________ THAM KHO: * Hng dn s dng ca c quy Tia Sng (Hi Phng): [Loi c quy PP, loi c quy kn kh] * Bnh c quy, Wikipedia; [en] * Thng s c quy Atlas (loi thng dng ti th trng VN). Thng s c th xem file PDF (5,4 MB). * c quy d n khi dng cng kch in, Bi vit trn Php Lut TpHCM, nu mt vi trng hp n c quy. Tuy nhin cc c quy ch pht n nu nh s dng khng ng cch. * Trao i trn din n v vic kch in H b li phn np khin cho c quy b np nng, in p cao...ti Webtretho: 1, 2, 3, 4

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