Cabling

What affects the speed of the bit flow?Media (copper cable, optical fibre cabel or radio frequency)compression and de-compressionerror checking (improves quality, but slows down traffic)

BandwidthBandwidth means the medias ability to move data. the rate of data transfer, throughput or bit rate, measured in bits per second (bps)In Ethernet network speeds can be 10, 100, 1000 Mbps, even >10 Gbps

CablingCabling connects hosts (computers) with each other and network equipments.Also called:media, connecting media, transmission mediaMultiple variations for different kind of systems

Ethernet cablingEthernet is defined in IEEE 802.3 standardIt is a family of networking technologies for local area networks (LANs).Includes a wide variation of defenitions for different mediacoaxial cabletwisted pairoptical fibrewirelessmedia only, not the cabling

CablingMost of the networks use cables to connect devices

Belden has listed over 2200 different cables. (www.belden.com)Basic types:coaxialtwisted pairoptical fibre

Above:1: thin coax with t-plug2:thin coax3: twisted pair1.2.3.

coaxial cableone of the earliest cable typesmost common in the eightieseasy to use, flexible, lightmore resistant to electromagnetic disturbancies than twisted pairOld, out of use

Peek to history

Twisted pairEthernet defiinitions 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 1000Base-T (and more)the original was telephone wiretwo cables intertwined twisting smooths possible disturbanciespresent cables have four pairs in one cable. most used is unshielded twisted pair(UTP), also shielded (STP), and foil covered (FTP)segment lenght 100 metresthe signal dies away in greater distances

Twisted pairUTPunshielded twisted pair

FTPfoil shielded twisted pair

STP shielded twisted pairprotective foil or copper braideach pair shielded from another

Cat 5 UTPCat 5 FTPplastic coverprotective foilwireswires

categories of twisted pairCat 1

Cat 2

Cat 3

Cat 4 Cat 5 100 Mbps ,(100 MHz)uses 2 pairs out of 4Cat5ea bit better quality cable (125 MHz)Cat 6fast transmission 100-1000 Mbps (250 MHz)uses all four pairsCat 7100-1000 Mbps (up to 600 MHz), STP

CAT7

plugsRJ-11- telephone plugRJ-45 network plug

RJ-45 connectorstraight cablefrom host (NIC)to network equipment.T568A

Taul1

Vylt ja prosessorit

VylPCISAEISAMCAVLBPCIAGB

Vyln leveys (bit)816323232-6432-6432

Vyln kellotaajuus (MHz)4-888.331625-5025-3366

Tiedonsiirto nopeus (Mt/s)2.39833.332132-200133,3-533,3267-1067

8088x------

80286xx-----

80386xxxx---

80486xxxxxx-

Pentiumxxxx-xx

Pentium Proxxxx-xx

Pentium IIxxxx-xx

Pentium IIIxxxx-xx

Taul2

RJ-45 connector

11MeaningWire

221Sending +orange

332Sending -orange-white

443Recieving +green

554

665

776Recieving -green-white

887

8

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

Taul3

Taul1

Vylt ja prosessorit

VylPCISAEISAMCAVLBPCIAGB

Vyln leveys (bit)816323232-6432-6432

Vyln kellotaajuus (MHz)4-888.331625-5025-3366

Tiedonsiirto nopeus (Mt/s)2.39833.332132-200133,3-533,3267-1067

8088x------

80286xx-----

80386xxxx---

80486xxxxxx-

Pentiumxxxx-xx

Pentium Proxxxx-xx

Pentium IIxxxx-xx

Pentium IIIxxxx-xx

Taul2

RJ-45-liittimen johdotukset

11NapaMerkitysJohdin

221Lhtevtieto +Valko-oranssi

332Lhtevtieto -Oranssi-valkoinen

443Vastaanotettava tieto +Valko-vihre

554

665

776Vastaanotettava tieto -Vihrea-valko

887

8

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

Taul3

RJ-45 connectorcrossoverhost to host or network equipment to network equipmenthttp://www.littlewhitedog.com/reviews_other_00009.aspT568A connectorT568B

Taul1

Vylt ja prosessorit

VylPCISAEISAMCAVLBPCIAGB

Vyln leveys (bit)816323232-6432-6432

Vyln kellotaajuus (MHz)4-888.331625-5025-3366

Tiedonsiirto nopeus (Mt/s)2.39833.332132-200133,3-533,3267-1067

8088x------

80286xx-----

80386xxxx---

80486xxxxxx-

Pentiumxxxx-xx

Pentium Proxxxx-xx

Pentium IIxxxx-xx

Pentium IIIxxxx-xx

Taul2

RJ-45-liittimen johdotukset

11NapaMerkitysJohdin

221Lhtevtieto +Valko-oranssi

332Lhtevtieto -Oranssi-valkoinen

443Vastaanotettava tieto +Valko-vihre

554

665

776Vastaanotettava tieto -Vihrea-valko

887

8

11

22

33

44

55

66

77

88

Taul3

ComponentsTo help implement large cabling systemspatch panelsconnectorswall plugs

Network Interface card NICRJ-45 connector most commonTerm Combo is for combination cards where more than one connectorRJ-45Twisted pair/ Ethernet

AUIethernet or fibreBNCEhternet

Optical fiber cableIn Ethernet: 10Base-F, 100BaseFX, 1000Base-LX...Single mode fibergreat distances, point-to-pointMulti mode fiber LANs, shorter distancesMost common in LANs is multi mode type 62,5/125 m62,5 diameter of the core125 diameter of the cover

Optical cablesGlass fibre core and covering nopeus 100 Mbps 10 Gbps and morelight impulses carry on multiple km

Sheet1

ulkosuojuseriste (PVC, Teflon)coating

glass fibre cover

kupari tai alumiini verkkojohtava ydin

optical fibre (core)

Sheet2

KaapelityyppiParikaapeliOhut koaksiaalikaapeliPaksukoaksiaalikaapeliValokuitu-kaapeli

Kaapelinkuvaus

Tyypillinen liitinBNCN-sarjan liitinSC-, ST- tai FC

suurin segmentinpituus100 m185 m500 m220 m -100 km

max. laitteitasegmentiss2301002

suurin siirtonopeuslhiverkossa155 Mbit/s (Cat5)15 Mbit/s (Cat 3)10 Mbit/s (ethernet)10 Mbit/s (ethernet)100 Mbit/s- 1000 Mbit/s

hirinsietohyvhyvhyverinomainen

asennuksen helppoushyvkohtalainenhuonohuono

vianetsinthelppovaikeavaikeahelppo

hallittavuuserinomainenheikkoheikkokohtalainen

suositeltava-kytttapatypiste-kaapelointiSuppea runkoverkkoOlemassa olevatasennuksetrakennustenrunkokaapeloinit

lhiverkkotyyppiEthernet100VG AnyLANtoken ringCDDI, ATMEthernetEthernetEthernet100VG AnyLANtoken ringCDDI, ATM

Sheet3

A cable has multiple fibre cores, usually four or eight

Multiple different connectors

CoatingMULTI MODE FIBRE

Sending signalSending signalReceiving signalReceiving signal Core Variation Core CoatingSINGLE MODE FIBREAdvancing light

Dense Wavelenght-Division Multiplexing With DWDM the capacity of optical fibre dataflow can be remarkably increased. It allows the use of up to 80 data channels to be used in one optical fibre cable by using different wavelenghts.

Each data transmission is coded in one of the wavelenghts (colours). Multiple colours are combined together in the cable.

http://www.kvh.co.jpDense Wavelenght-Division Multiplexing

Already in 2006:More than 40 Gbp/sOver 1000 km

Currently:single fibers transmit data at speeds up to 400Gb/s

Advantages of fibreoptical fibre is less expensive (per bit)faster transmission rateseconomical in long scale (no need for new cabling when changing to faster speeds)Less disturbancies, electrical, magnetic..

Advantages of copperThe ability to carry electricitywired phones function during electric blocksPoE, Power over EthernetEasier to handle, no special equipments to implementTraditional and tested

Nowadays cabling:workstations connected with twisted paircore cabling with optical cableno coaxspeeds 100, 1000 Mbps for workstations, in core up to 10Gbps

Yleiskaapelointi (structural cabling)EN 50173

Structural cablingStandard EN50173

Generic cabling systemsEuropean standard which defines general requirements for for generic cabling

Good cablingFollows standard EN 50173

Modular structureeasy to expand. cables should sserve more than 10 yearsDocumentedcables, devices, locations.Measuring logsMarkings Wall plugs, patch panelsCompleteenough connections 4-5 pro person

http://www.networkmagazineindia.com/200205/krone2.shtml

*Digitaalinen todellisuus s. 22.*IT-ensyklopedia s.49.*Lhiverkot Ethernet 3p. s. 35.*Verkkotekniikka+, s.50.*Verkkotekniikka+, s. 50-52.*lis: http://www.tiaonline.org/*Lhiverot Ethernet*http://www.networkmagazineindia.com/200205/krone2.shtml