ca titles practice procedure senator n w thompson

8/14/2019 CA Titles Practice Procedure Senator N W Thompson

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The ReA,k!Blue Book of Cadlor"ninerezedbhe8t-plvilheitirc-l!-an


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24 TlLeRealtA Blue Book of Aaklania

I l t lesBv SENAToRN. W. THoMPSoN

Ecol1tCaLi|attlitt Titles Oii!\i|aL P(te ts l:lesert:etia]lol Pxbli( Lui.ls-RLoldilg Let(l Ol)ne:ftlhip The Re!.is-tratiotl S'lste1n TlLe TL\rren,\ Sltsteln-EarL! Califa) kLPloblo s AbstroLts of TiUe Certilicates of Title Titl,eI1i,s7o'are-M atteft All ect ng Title Con(Iititr)s M odif Ui, !OwlLership Ttrsts-State HoI(Ls JlLlisdiatian. Col r nit!PnDet rt-C. tt( i.itt of Lan 1\itle N ecess(1 .

FIE history of titles {ulrlishes an acculate index to conmunityglowth and development. Periods of plosperity and ad]rance-rneni as well as occnsional rcessions n activity ar.e clearlyreflected in the rccold. CoDsidered n a broad seDse. he data thusmade available furnishes vaiuable and autheDtic information to thehistorian, the sLudeit and the philosopher',and illListlates rn a glrphicsay the steady march along the up$'ard trail $'hich, in a compara-tively short period of time, has brought Califomia flom th status ofan lruknowl western frontier to the commanding position which itno1l' holds in population, ri'ealth, resoulces and inRuences.

EAELY CALIFOIINIA TIALESParamount ownership and control of laDd is essentiall-van nttli-bute of soveteignty. The attitude of ure governmerltal author'-ities toward the disposition of la.rd is the."eforepractically the deter'-mining factol ir flxirg the light or pr.ivilegeof the citizen to acquileoqrnelship ir fee. Three dilTerent gover rents have succcssiveiyruled over this area. Spair, and late| X{exico, claiming by Iight ofdiscovery, sought to elfect peacelul conquest b]' colonization. Theprincipal featules of this plan $'ere the lounding and suppolt of themissions, establish ent aDd mainteDance of pueblos and dispositiorof much of the arable land through plivate glants. These glantswere frqueDUy nade in lecogrritior of distirguished serllce to thcgovernment, although ill other c:rses he obiect was to plomote setUement and cultivatioi of the soil. llrdel such circumstances he grant'was usually conditional upon perfolmance by the grantce oI celtainlequired coDditions and irstall:rtiorl of such iDprovemeDts as nlightbd prescribed.Local administrators at the Missions, acting in an advisorycapacity to the govelDor, o girally exelcised a limited jurisdictionovel adjacent public lards. SecliladzatioD of the Missions deprivedthese local administrators of much of the authorit\. Dreviouslv exel.,


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The R,"nltt/ I)llte Boak ol Caliial jtiu :?5. : s e d, r . r d , l , p. I r r s a s j , r . / ! j . , , d r t i ! r d j , . r . . j , ^ " . .o r r 1 . , r J o j _t r o l l F . lr , l u - L l t , r l l . , l I i . , r " n . I " , . r . : r . l r , \ r ; , . i n . p r n n ; r , . r oothers.

l u " b l o . r , d " , . ^ r ! ! r ' a r . r n o\ , - r , , r , i , r , : , , t 1 , , . ^ r . .o . . n z p r , J ,u s u a . r t f o l l1 , r r J' u r , ' n r r , r ' i . , r- . d " , r . , j I U , j \ r . r r J i , r r r o o l , - r 1 j r .amounts lt Dnprovenents. Altel sccuhr,;zalioll pucbio officers exerc r l e d a r ' : ' " t o \ . . s o \ ' r . - , r d : , ' L ( , r ' i l o , J . T . . . \ \ j r " , u $ F l lo e a r o or ' r r j r r u r i^ r ' , t r r | r n t . r r . l r r ^ r i i I | . , ^ . , r . r i , . r . r . \ . -there, n these_v:u.ious r':r"nts,hat certairi).of itcscription oi: touirAary noll cot:sidcr.edcssential. Such l\.e|c ltre p|evliling colditiorisw ' r p . .u r , d . , . , r , . ' T r l . i , , . , ; , , , t . t . , , d i , ' ! . , ; r ; i i , , - . i S i . , " . .1 0 r . 4 1 'd ' , r ' d , l o r ro ' . " I - 1 : : r , u , r r1 . ' . i r r r . . - f r . " . . , I S r j r l p r 'ORICINAL PA'IEN'I'S

P u r . . i . r . o i . i , - , , I u a ^ , p r ' . . - , . L . I . a r - , , r . . n : " . o r . \ . : r "^ p t o r n r n . r , | | . r u r ' r t . \, t . . . u , ^ . . , , . i l l o l j r . i L I d S " : . r r! J l l r e o r ' n J f i o ' . J n p r . ' . . C I a i r r " | . " " r , r , r t r p j .J l , p l r ; ! . i a r . ,b t r ' , o r ' l l t" , . i r q j 1 l \ \ . d L \ r F o n , , . s s . u r . r j r a p f j r l L , i r h cr e o . r | , u i 1 { - r 1 , . r i , r . : . . , d , t , ,, - j i p , 5 . j . 1 . . \ , \ i \ , r e r r r r _ented. Thc renaiuirs pubtic i:rnds rvcle irr ctuccourse ";.r";;;.'th;t a ' "t r l ' i , . e r . d ^ , 1 . " u f : r . . , , i . . I o , . f " b l ' , . " ; , , ; ; , : .r o t . I j r g , . , t , l | - I - . . , t , 9 , . r , t j r l : \ | I , j I I u \ . . r ' o \ v , d l j r l d - . t i !v r t r u n o . r s , n \ p r o r : " r l i , ] a j t h , a u q . . j 1 ' . . i d F : , r . r l s i r h i r r i t "0 o r d . r s . s r t L , r F , n r d i i r i f ; t ! ' o r r . . c . . t , a , . r o r : S t I o f , . o n . r r , . , . , J r dRESDRVATION OI ' PUBLIC LANDS

Both stale and leder'rl gorcr llcl)ts plovided by tegiFlative enactmelts l'alious nethods by qfiich citizens could acquile ti e to pubticlands. claDts by Colgr.ess n aid of tr.arscollti elltat rnitrcads;";rr r r l t \ o u c i , d 5 _ o t, r r s . F e d " , r l n r ' u r i " i o no r . f u L i i . u " p ss u . \ a s- r a o r , a lp a f i ! , l o t a 5 i i c 5 p r \ r s i t ^ . ^ t r h t i o r . s o I r v ; r r p r . t r d p o r r . . rocver^p\ tcnl , Id of t , f lE,r1tu. jJs t , r . rs ^. Lr t . :. i r l .9" nt .p2s,a subs r r . 1 t l p u r l i o r , o f $ l i . r , , \ l l n r o b . t , i \ | . \ p . I , a " . i , , r o p r i , a r ,. T h e A I F , . . r n D l a , ,o i ! - u \ n , m . r . t c o . t s r .I r t A t p : r i r t , . a c l , r ^ 1 .s h a t th ^ v e p t A . . ' r ' I i . o , i r o l o \ . r r h a j r . t i s t r : o r . o $ , r , . r l ^ ; 1 , ,n . L . . r -b m r c p . r : I n f a r , . d J . , . . . i . ^ n L t . , . o r r I . r : .i r l r i i c b o . L r a r . . L b _J e c lo r l ) l o l h . p r , \ , s i o r , so i a n ! . \ , " i r , - t , . e : l r rn o i x t . 2 s t h p s ; p r o -v r so n s ' 3 y f l n t r . \ 1 1 , r i ) . i s l r . . r r t , i r ' ] a a w n l r h " l a | | d , , , J ; . n n _s r q u 6 . r ' r r J t i . r . - . 1 . l l I . \ m r , t , r ^ 5 i j i ^ . . \ . O r ) . i I ' i " i d r r . . ,1 l ? ) ' n l a ) r o . t g f p n s ' l $ t l ' a s n " ,t i o , h F . n r r j I t e r . . . T l . : s L , r i r , c . r , l e0 f g o ! e | n . r r e r , l\ r l a r r r \ : l . o d L t l , I r r i t p dS . . . " " S L l , . a m " r - o u d' n I e . p n rL l n . ; s i o , r sl h ^ l d r s t \ p A t , . A , . .

RECONDINGAND OWNERSIIIPThe inpo'-taDce of indirldual or'Iership of JaDalas an ircerrtive tol h e p o r 1 1 e n . n l p b u r l d i | | g r d i r . n | o v ^ . r r a r , r , t h " " o u n r r . y$ e . , i , t rrFrog rTpd. I o pfovrd^ n trern. i r , rpnr ub l i . rp, o"d of suct uwnprsh p


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-Tht Ileall.! Bhc Boolr of CIlilrlnl L

ihc rerording system $;as first establishedand at a lalel' datc the r.eg'ist lat ion plaD rtroduced ir l some ulisdict ions.'l'he r.ecolding st.stcm, establishedpliol to the forlr:riio! oi iheUnion, may fajrll'be telnled the original Anretican systen and is iDuse n evell strtc. Thc basicDrirciple underlying his sIStcm s thatthelc shall be tr'rnsoibed anclpeunanentl! kept as :r public r'ecold inthc nlarnel' Iequiled br la\l' in sone designatedpublic office copics o{eyery tlansfcr', irlclrmbran(e, lien, judgrncnt ol declce all'ccting titleto propertl'arrd thlt there should also bc plepalecl and kept i suchollice jDdices o{ everi' surh instlument, aDd. further', that theserecords a d irdjces shall bc opento public iDspectionat usual businesshouls, thus affordirlg oppodunity to any interested Delson to ascel-tain at anl'time the condition of thc r'ecor'd titlc to ary palticLrlalpropetty. Thc cost of such tlanscliption and indexing is bolnc brthe party lequestiDg the sel'\'ice, but the dutl of mnking nnd pcr'nrrncnth pleser\ ' ingsuchre(otd is a pubti( funcl ioD. Whcn so tran-scljbed, the oligirlal Dapers rtc, err(ept in spe.iial cases. etulned tothe par.t ies nt i t le. l hereto rnd the tra scribcd opr, \ r i th theindices.folms the public rccot 'd.

THD RNGIS'TNATION SYSTDI{Thc resishation sl'sten orisinated ir Ausllalia nnd was iil.stused irl conti ental lhited States about thirir ]'eals ago. This sys-tem has beel aptly described ns but anothel ncthod of transferringtitle to property, although its advocatesstlenLrouslyn1aintain that itsscope is nuch broader'. It ap}rear's o be based upon the theorf' thal.the state owes a continuirg dutv to its citizens to issue, hlough designated local authorities, ne'1{celtificates of title upon an)- tlalsfer ofownership and likewise to sho\,r.by endolsement or menloI.ial uponany outst:urding cerlificatc the filing of .rny lierl ol incumblanceaflecling the land originall ]'r'egisteled. fhdet this plan no Daperslelating to registered land are lecorded. They ate simpli' executedarrd filed $'jth the Registl.ar for. pemarent retention and cannot beIe-delivered to the intelested palties as in the case of a lecoldeddocumert. lll oldel to nuke this systerr effertive the liegistlar'sceltificate with ils endorsementso| menor-ials must be conclusiveandfiral upon the ghts of all parties. This is lreelr* conccdedboth byadvocatesand opporerts of th system. This system has been gen-el?l ly used r l , .1nd s probablr bettel adapled o, thosecour)t I iesvi th-out A written constitufion.

'I'I1I] 1ORRDNS SYSTDIIIn 1897 the CaliforDi.! Legislaturc passedn 1a\\'of thjs ch:u actelcommonly called thc 'for.rers ]a.ti",which Nas IerI littlc used. Thepresent la$'is an nritiative meAsure xdopted by the electors in 1914.Beins ar initiative measure it cannot be amended bl the legislatule.

The only method by which ary ch:uge or anlendment crn be effeciedis by adoption at ar election ol anothel initiatile nreasLtre. The Cali-folnia Iaw provides that property sh:1ll imt be blc,ught Lrnder he sys-tem by an action in court, the detree in such :ctjon bei g the basis forffrst rgistration.


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' l ' ) t I Rrr I t . | | i1 | Br , , l ; o i ( :LtLi fo)tut 27I,.\RI,' CAI,IFORNIAITONL]IIIS

FoI n co|sidc|able )er od lol l o$ir l f the ch:usc ot ' t rLg h{ro $Nmuch conlusion nd urlrert . i iDt! fespe(i irg. ' i l ies. l f ler ' . r pel jodof mil i t rr t . idministt : l t ion nlrdel fcdcrxl corlrol. thf sfrt1]gotef ' imeDt$as olgnnizc. l lnd inrnrodiatclradorrtc. l l re conrn)unil ] ' i )r 'ot lr1ysysteDr,hen f ir 'mil est.rbl ished r |)ns ust ls! ur. t1)r ' the bnrefgoyelnlnents. {:1ri I l ninls o priv.rtc and srnrts lvcrt fcjfctcd. Thr'act ivity ncideni o the discovelr 'ol told Lr)| lshl DLll lrclo ' -rslolr lems.It {" ,1s uite nrLtural hat LLnder[esc f i | runrstrnccs doul) lsnrcsc nsto the sour.LressLr. l stabi l l t l 'of t i t lcs to L!r. l rLrd nl :1r o.ult 'dr lcabst lactols nd e\I tnrirr 's l t i t lc besnlr o iryesl isrLtelrrd J. lss por)thesuff iciencl 'ol hfsc. Folmolcth.u f i f l t )caIS, rLconre(t ioDNit lrplaclicall:' cver',\' r:r.ns:1ct:or r]\,olvnlE cithr' a salc ol incLLmbrtlncool land i Calilolni.r, ihc Iccor'd title to thc plop{I i\ ' in\ol\'e.l h:Lsbeen arc{ul lr-cx.Drnrcd.Pclhrps in no othc) st.rtehrs therc brerlmaintaiDedo romplcte l roror. tol the l i t lc to 1r ' r l Dr'o]]r.r ' t :,\tssTE,{.(i'|S1, fl1Lil

ID.1l1 'e.r l sl .r te r, ] lrsr(t i(r)s. \r trcthel in\o1\ ' injt purchnse ofloaDsupon the sccurit-v of lard, it h.1s bcen rcccss.u,\-to s^tisfv thrprospectivcpulchasel or nniestof ihnl the tiU. to thc plopeltx \-asgood. In enrl) d. i ls this \1,rs conrt):url t : !cl t 'sinr l r1eloceediDg, sexaminationof but {cn-p:rpcls \1.as cqui}cd and thelc was flequentlygenelal colnnlunit ]' knolv lcdge :rs to ownership of ln ds, thc popuh-tion then beirg mo]'e strble thnD rt t)r'eseDt. 'l'he iDcl.e;rse n thr)volumeof r'ccor.dscndeled necess:lr']sone conle|ierll for'rr {or l)resenting he stat lrsol lhe rerotd l i t le. This led to the ptepar' :r t iolofabstlacts. ,\ plopell)- t)repar'ed bstlict of lille lrr'esentsan cpitonreof al l thc.sscntir l clenrents f eacho{ lhe se\cul recolded ir lst luments ficcting the title io lL r)r1r'ticula! r'r(ll ol l:r d, so th:rt un:rttotney can leadill' detomine by exrmiDirlior whethcl the lAlious con-vey^ncesand ircu lbunccs hrve been cor'r'ectly executed. whcther'any colrIt plocccdings sho\1'nh:u'e Leerr 'egular'l) Lrliel, \1.lretheranyliens disclosedhare been properl] srtisfid rnd ffo such )iamin:t-tion prepalc a opinion respectjDg he cordition of the title. The r'ap-idly ircrcasiDg lolrDDe ol rccords i.erds to render' lhe abstlact noreexpnsivc,oth in DIep lrr ior and horr ihe st \dpoirrtof the attor-nefs fec for' in opjnion rDor the l.itle.

(--Dlt1'll (lAlll OI, TITLIITo n1eel his si luat io] l nstrunrents xl iodcerUficrtes l t i t le \ \ 'ercptepaled b]"Title ColnDanies. Thsc rvere based upon exami ation b)the Ti l le Conrpanl.of thc l .ecolr ls eltnining to the part icular t laciand an oDirliorl bi'its attorncy or experienred xalnilrer's as lo theffectof thes. r 'ecolds nd $,ere, n Ixcl , suLstarr l ial ly quiv:r lenl o

the opinio of an attor|ey upon :rn abstHcL of litle. l'hese ccltificntes\ie]'e bliel ir lb|rn :Lnd asiiy undelstood b]- the land orvner orinveslor- Necessarily the]' dealt i'ith lhe fecord litle onlr rnd theilvalueas a Dlotect ionwas rneasuredrt th,: f inirrcial sir l) i l i i i of ihe


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2A TlLeRedtu Blue Boah aJ Cdifor'ttilt

I

TirLE rNSlrnANCETitle insulance has bcen intlodrced $.ithin the pzrst fi{t.\. yealsand is now fir'mly establjshed. The fir'st companl' \ras olganized atPhiladelphi.L Use of title iDsurarrcepolicies lras occasionedby thegrowiDg valne of real eslAte, particul.4r'l) iD the largel conrmunities,the necessit}'of plovidiDg adequate p|otectiol 1or pulchasels andienders !,!'hele the consider':r lion \!:ls large and the comDlcxitics ofmoden transrctions such as long time lenses, bond issues, tlusts,buitdirg rest l ict iors, et(. The civi l codeol Cll i{or 'ninplovides that

"Any wr'itten contlact oI irstlument pul.por.tjng o showthe title to reli Dlopelty. or ful ish infolmntion Ielativethercto, {hich sh.rll in express telnls putport to insurc orgualanteesuch iUe or the cor' r :e(: lnessf such inlotmaiion,shall be deemed polict-of t i t le irsulancc."This leg:rl delinition of a polici' has beel uDheld Ly dccision oithe SuDremeCoult-A policy of title insur'ance s lhe Lnoadesl olm of title plotectronlhat can be {ur'nished. Companies tlnrsacting title insulance busi-ness in Califolrria nle not onl)- undel supclvision oI the hrsLrr':rceCommissioner ar)d lequiled io conduct their' business n stlict accoltl_ancc with the provisiorrs of lrw, but nust likel\'isc Dlaintain .r gLtar-anty f i lnd on deposit r i ih the Si:rteTIcasuIel and nLlst rr lso lccurnulate a sur?lus furd equal to 25 per cent of theil capital. lssuanccof

any single policy ivith a liability irl cxcess of thc conlpany's adnlittedassetss tt 'ohibitcci t lul i ns oi ihe lnsLruDCe ornrr issioner' .IIAATDFS AFIECTINC TITLE

Tlansfel of tiuc ol the closirg ot :1 o:rl seens to urnnt pelsonsmelely a routine matter. Foi lhe pl'otection ol the irvestor theleshould be gcner':rl recognition ol ihe firrlr)fial lisks involred unlessadequate precautions Lc obser"r'ed. Ilecor'ds of lhe laecorder''soifjcewherc deeds,nmltg:rges and other llens.lfe r'ecolded (oi legisteled ifthe title be under thc Tor 'lens Act) .lnd of the Count]'Clclk's ollicewheie suits, estates nnd judgrrerts mc lound, must be cxanrincd. Ifthe propertl'lies Nithir) a nltrnicipalitt- th local r'ecordsol that citt'must:r lso bc examinc. l ol assessmerlts,hanges n stlccts and al leysand othel rt ter peculi .ul) r l l1del hc j lrr jsdi(t ior o- l the nLrni( ipalautholilies. Specinl districts mrT be forrled lor iIIis.Ltior, dlairageor other puposes \\ i th powel to ic\ ' ] 'nsscssnrenlso tarr l 'oul thepurposes o{ theit or'ga ization. 'fhe lccolds of some of thesc distficisar'c kept entilely aDAr{ honl couDty ecolds. Brnln uptcr Dloceedi gsand lccleral liens llle disciosed bl. lcder'rl cour'l records- Impositio)rof iDcone a d othel ledcral taxcs has cDolmoush' irclcased the 1'olume ol lhese liers \\.hich h:l\'c the folce and eficct of ,l judsrncnt and(onst itute n gererr l l ;cn upo al l propelt t of the iudgmcrt dcblor ' .Properly pAssing LrI' \rill or bt' the intestnte l:r$.s ol by an)instrunent exe(uted in contenplntio l of lle:rtll, if i cxccss of cert:rinmini um v:rlues, s subject to ar) inhelitan(e iax due ihe statc, whichtax i s a l ien unt i l pr jd. Plopelty sirni lar l : .passing,{ in cxccss f the


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Tltc Rul.l lt Bl1t. Ronl; nl Celilt)r'nia 29

d

\?he of $50,000.00.s suliecl, o a Jederai state ax, l ikewisea l icr luntil paid. I?gislatidr no1\'pending :li \Vashingtor rvould, f en^ctedinto lary. substarlti:rll:' rclcase the :1r1ourrt )f this tix. Public uiil-i t iesundef he jul isdirt jon o1 ho R^ilro. l t ] Clmnission crLnnotscl lanypropelt : ' r)ccessar' In pclJir. lnrnccof their 'pLLblic ut ies oI erccute ny notcs,mortglges oI trust dcedsexcept u der :Lr older ol thccomnlissiorl, hich o|ricl' DrLrst c c|)lrplic.l 1\ith ir dcl.ril. Oiher rorlorations olgarizcd fol pr'ofil. \r'ith ccrt.lnl rnnror e\.reptj.rns,cxrlnotissue onds xceptun(ler:rulho| i t t_ l . r pcr ' lnit ssLlcd t_ l l l Col 'Dolrtion Connnissioncr,h. tcrnrs oI Nhi(h |clrnil nrust:rlso be lil.cfalb'compliedwith.Thele s Lrn(ler ' lhorr 'csort lstcnl Do .t ircct statc : !r Lrpon .ealpfopert l-n Crl ihrr jx. Trxes rr. lel icd upo Ie:1]plopcrl\ bv eaclrcity and couut!. Thc slaic levies r dilcct t.i\ upor publi.l utilities,balks, i snlrncc rorrlprLnics nd lhe IraDchise of genl]lil cofpor':rtionsorgaDizedorplo l i i , n 'hich 1rx is Drl alr lent Sxc]al irerlo lr icl s, I ikclocAl axes, 1 ien upor a]] pr-opell I o\n{]d b] ' ihe respe(i i le cofpor: ltioDson the fir'st -uond^t of X'I:D'ch e:rh r'.:r'. Ijl this tax be notpaid he fL'n:r l t ] ' is dr ' r lst ic. Pl ' ior '1l) 11)171 in|ohcd lorfciture olchart.r. In c.rse hc cor.polrtion \\'.is a Dublic utilit\., i1 co,rlC noi,nndel hc plovisionsol the corst i tLrt ioir, e r 'ostol 'ed.Sin.c 1917 hclenalty is suspcnsion ot collnr'.rte |ower.s, ir addiiion to vhich thelien still subsistsupor all p]'opelt) ol the cor'trorxtio . ,\ shtc liccnsctax is nlso lcrierl LLponhos. cor'Dolations orlr..:lnizedor plofit \l.hichdonotpa-v dilc(t stale :Lr. T| is i. lr i s l i l . ic \ r ise l ieJrupor al l Drop-erty o$'red Lr]- hc collrcrrtion o]1 hc lirst f'toDdrv in Junary. Pcnalt) ' ior ' la i lur 'e o pa)-is suspcnsjonf cofpolrLto o\rers. he tax Ic-mainir)g l ien. In i lLe ase o1 ei ihc| of thesesirLtoa\cs lhre is nolocNl ecofd ol prl']nent untjl scvcul \lcolis :lftcl thc ii c Nhcn sus-pensions '1\ ' .o.crr ' fd l thf l l l r i hns not ir l l rct been ]:r id.

ao\_I l l l IONS MODlr l INC 0\ - \ l lnsHlPEshbtishrrerlt o{ zorins rcstli.rtio s l1rld s.t back lin.s is engas-ing thc rt lcr l t ior o{ nruni( ip:r l r i .hoi i t is. Aci i \ i i ies .t lors lhesc incs.ueno\-bascdplincit . l l l t -upon bload consi. lcr ' , i t ioI 1 ub]ic \.el lare.

hnil :Lt iors thus jnr]rosc. llr ] ' l rLr i u|orr l l rc rse ol l)r 'ol ier ' l I Ie Druchmole coniprchcnsivelrd 1'r ' r 'arfhir! ir e l l i ,ct 1h.rI IoIrr]er ' l)whencxcl 'c isc,f hc policc o\\ er ' : rs l j l1r; t .d hif l l t . to plorision fo| publichcalth rn.1 s:liclr. tj!.nru.1llI ilic .r)rlr,ts n)usi .lcternrinc to 1vh:1tcxtnt he r. l i l idLul r ighls (,1 h lxnd o$ lcI rr lc subor(l i r le io (orrmunit \ ' r t . r 'cst l1n(l r i rc l r l $elfrre.l iesl l ic l io l rs. ordi i ions ard (o\eItrrrts mlosed n dcc(ls r l l rreements o conlct ' { . t rr irr lporlrnt f :rctol iD. lcnl ir lg \! i th ] .calcsi l te.Theser i t ' grerl l t i r l i reir st 'ot)e.For' lur:rtel\ ' hc lr i ghcr four' lshrverender'ed nunrlrcr 'olhol lrhrlde(isions orist luing nlnnI oI l .hcse r' (LvisioDs 1.hich1r'cJ gr' . :Ll ssisl. : tnren , : lclcrDinir lg lcir ' f1lect LLponl, i l le rr l( t rDollhe use or crr. io) rert o1 u d. Tlre irstrLrnrert rrr |osiDg hese irDitai ions r.{tLLeft lr ix-\ t pel ior l fol thci l tcl 'n l ir lat ion.Coultdecisiors:uc r substancco thc r lrect that i l r serclal pl: ln o] 'nnprorenlent f the i ' r t i lc sul)di! isi( ,)rs . l . lo l id, t .unnol be altercdol nodif ied . i thout th( corscnt oJ thc on'ncrsof:1l l pr 'olelt t ' in the


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?,0 Thc Re(Ltt Rllte riook al Ctll;i.thirLsubrtivisidr. If, however', he l.ecold docs rrot sho\y adoptjo| ol such :rplar, then r1lodificatiorls rar bc nadc bv the plopelt\-olvner and theox.ner'of thc lcvelsionaly l ight and the lesh:ct i . rrs ol cc)|dit ionsalTe(:ling D:1r'ticular'lotrnay be charged, oI e\.en abrogaled. !\'ilhoutconsert oll olher owrLels 11 he sarne tr:Lct.Resir ict ions, rondit ions or coven,rnts nlposcd upo| lnDd brpl ivntc deed or.rsleement havc no rclat ion to ol conrcct ion withzoDirs oI set back l irresesirbl ishedby muricit)r l lgul: l t iou. fhcsctrvo methodsoi control l ingol nlodi lyirg Lhe use ot Dlopert)-shonklnot bc conlirsed. In sorne f f . 's both: lppl)-; ir othels.ore o| pcih: lpsneither' . ] 'hcir lequirenre,rtsale ]1ot necess:r ' i l )- j ln i l .u oI evellharmonious,ne\.ertheless,I making imploveme|ts i t is not safe lodislesard thc prol isions oi c:ther-

TRtislsTlusts iu le:r] p|opertJ'n1ay all- ful l ! -bc cr 'eitd n Califorr) i ,Ltor onll a limited rlumber of plrlposes. Use ol the wold "trusiee,"rvithout olher.qu.r l i f icat ior l n dealir lg with t i t les to real property,is ill adfised. Notice rray thus be given of a tlust $'ithout disclos-ing its scope,ol pulDosc, oI the powels o{ the tluslee. Conrnon la$.tlusts so-called hrve been olganized irr lece|t treals es a srbstitutefor' colpolations. Much uncer'laiDty has been caused bt'lhe attemptto tlansnct busincss thlough this nrediun, there beirg no spccificprovision ir the state la$' IoI such a plocedure.S1'A'II' HOLDS JURISDTCTION

Oalilbrrria does not concede to the courts of anr'' othel statcthe Dowel to deal \rilh lenl Dropelty within her bor'ders or. to dctcr'-mine conflictiDg lights of litig:rnts to plopelty nr this state. If iheorvner' f leal Dlopelt l ' in C.l i lornia dies, becomesnsaneot incom-l)etent,or. s :1minor, couit ploceedings or'(lealing with this plopertyor detelmining the question of jts ownershiD or dist)osition must behad hel'e.COI{N'IUNITY PNOPFJR'T'Y

The eomlnurjty ploperty systeu in Califolria I1:1sbeen thesubject o{ rnany legisl:rtive changes:rnd of corsidelablc litigatiol.Provisiorls of the conmunity pl'oDetty l.r$- relating to ]eal propertydilter substanti:rtly flom those aDplying oDly to per-soral pr.operty.Decisions of the strte courts have consistently held thal the wile hadDo vested inier'est. ol iDdependentownelship, in cornmunitv plot)eltyduling the conljnuance of the m:lrital r.el:rtion. Fler' ntier'csthas beendefined as a nlele expectarcv, sinila]. to that of a plospectivc heir,but uDon the husb:rDd's death she inmedi.rtely slrcccds to theovnership oI a half intcresl in the conDruDity pr.oper.tv,subjecl toadministration.The respective ights oi the spouses r1 conlmunity proDerty, botllieal and Delsonal, and the Iesulting po\,!'cl ol control and d:sDositioDare seldom conclusi\.ely showr by the record, lnr.gely because therecord rarely discloses rdat is, jn fact, conrmunity plopelty. Cer'tainpresumDtions are dcducible fiom the recol.d :rnd ar'c rlrade conclus'\'e


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TkeRealtaBtueBookof Californinand protection of third pa ies who deal in good faithue. There is, naturally, no presumiption between theThe status of thefu property is a question of fact, presum-

to both. A vast amount of prope*y standing of recordof only one of the spousess, as a matter of fact, com-)rty. 'In everysuchcase,oint execution y both spousesafiecting he title to suchploperty is not only thertive way, but also the only 4bsolutely safe method of pro-This applies to both real artd personal prcpedy and to all'erethe property under considerations not sho$-n o be the

31] raIne0Ilsoutbyithuldrpsrento estate f oneof the spouses.. CERTAINTYOF LAND TITLES NECESSARY

:ity of land titles is one of the requisitesof civ;lization.stability and celtainty of ownership real progr.ess and

)s-deptfic

tele:y

l.vt.dvn

lle

cannot exist. It has beenthe pride ol Califomia that herare home builders and home owners. Climatic and scenicmmbined with vast national resourceshave been contrib-factorc oward the marvelousdevelopment. hich is both anon and a challenge o the future.


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ca titles practice procedure senator n w thompson

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