c6- khau hao va ptda sau thue.pdf

Chng 6: Tnh ton khu hao v phn tch kinh t d n sau thu

Nguyn Hi Ngn H

[email protected]

B mn Ti Chnh Khoa Qun l Cng nghip i hc Bch Khoa - TPHCM

Bi ging Lp v phn tch d n 2

Ni dung

1. Gii thiu chi ph khu hao

2. M hnh khu hao u - SL

3. Gii thiu v thu TNDN

4. Dng tin sau thu - CFAT

5. So snh phng n da vo CFAT


1. Gii thiu chi ph khu hao - depreciation

nh ngha: S gim dn gi tr ca mt ti sn c nh

V d: Bn mua mt chic xe gi $15,000 vo nm nay.

Ta c gi tr ca chic xe gim dn theo thi gian nh sau: D

eprecia

tion

Nm Gi tr th

trng

Gim dn

gi tr

0 $15,000

1

2

3

4

5

10,000 $5,000

8,000 2,000

6,000

5,000

2,000

1,000

1,000 4,000



Ti sao cn xem xt chi ph khu hao?

Khu hao

+ c xem l

mt phn chi

ph c khu

tr thu thu

nhp.

+ Khng phi

l khon thc

chi

Tng thu nhp (Gross Income)

- Chi ph (Expenses)

Gi vn (Cost of goods sold)

Khu hao (Depreciation)

Chi ph hot ng (Operating expenses)

Thu nhp chu thu (Taxable income)

Thu

Thu nhp rng sau thu (Net income)


Chi ph khu hao trong thi on cng ln th tin thu trong thi on cng nh.


Tin thu =

(Thu nhp Cc khon khu tr) x (Thu sut)


Cc yu t cn xem xt khi khu hao ti sn


Thi gian khu hao (how long?) Gi tr cn li (salvage value) C s tnh chi ph khu hao (cost basis) Phng php khu hao (how?)

DN phi ng k PP trch khu hao TSC m DN

la chn p dng vi c quan thu trc tip qun

l trc khi bt u thc hin trch khu hao

Bi ging Lp v phn tch d an 7

Ti sn no c th khu hao ?


Ti sn s dng trc tip cho hot ng SXKD hoc to ra ngun thu nhp cho cng ty.

Ti sn phi c thi hn s dng hu hn v c tui th kinh t ln hn 1 nm.

Ti sn phi b hao mn, b gim dn gi tr theo thi gian

Ti sn khu hao phi tha c 3 iu kin.


C s tnh chi ph khu hao?


Chi ph mua my mc mi (gi

trn ha n)

62.500.000

+ Ph vn chuyn 725.000

+ Ph lp t 2.150.000

C s chi ph tnh khu hao 65.375.000

Nguyn gi TSC hu hnh l ton b chi ph m DN phi

b ra c TS tnh n thi im a TS vo trng

thi sn sng s dng (Theo Thng t 203/2009/TT-BTC)

Bi ging Lp v phn tch d an 9

2. M hnh khu hao u straight line (SL)

Chi ph khu hao hng nm: D = (P- SV)/N

D: chi ph khu hao hng nm P: Gi tr u t ban u ca ti sn (cost basis) SV: Gi tr cn li ca ti sn N: S nm tnh khu hao

Gi tr bt ton cui nm x: BVX = P D.x = P [(P- SV).x / N]



V d: Mt ti sn c mua vi gi 15tr, khu

hao u trong 12 nm, gi tr cn li sau 12 nm l

1,5tr.Tnh Chi ph khu hao hng nm v gi tr

bt ton ca ti sn vo cui nm 3?

Li gii:

Chi ph khu hao hng nm ca TS:

D = (15 1,5) / 12 = 1,125 tr/nm

Gi tr bt ton ca TS vo cui nm 3:

BV3 = 15 1,125*3 = 11,625 tr



Mt s lut thu cho php tng thm khon khu hao

cho nm u vn hnh (c th n 20% gi tr u t

ban u ca ti sn, tuy nhin thng khng vt qu

mt gi tr ti hn no )

VD VN: khuyn khch DN kinh doanh c hiu qu v thu hi

vn u t nhanh, thng t 203 q: DN h c hiu qu KT cao c

khu hao nhanh nhng ti a khng qu 2 ln mc khu hao x theo

PP ng thng nhanh chng i mi cng ngh. Khi trch khu

hao nhanh, DN phi kd c li. Trng hp DN trch khu hao nhanh

vt 2 ln mc thi gian s dng TSC quy nh bi Thng t ny,

th phn trch vt mc khu hao nhanh (qu 2 ln) khng c tnh

vo chi ph hp l khi tnh thu thu nhp trong k.



V d: Mt ti sn c mua vi gi 20tr, khu hao u

trong 10 nm, SV l 3tr, cho php tng thm khon khu

hao cho nm u vn hnh l 20% gi tr u t ban u

nhng khng vt qu 2tr. Tnh Chi ph khu hao hng

nm v gi tr bt ton ca ti sn vo cui nm 5?

Li gii:

20% ca TS u t ban u l: 4tr (ln hn mc gii hn

cho php l 2tr)

Chi ph khu hao hng nm ca TS:

D = (20 - 2 - 3) / 10 = 1,5 tr/nm

Gi tr bt ton ca TS vo cui nm 5:

BV5 = 20 2 5*1,5 = 10,5 tr



V d: Mt DN kinh doanh vn ti trong nm 2009 u t 10 xe

khch, nguyn gi 1 t ng/xe. Theo Thng t 203/2009/TT

BTC q Phng tin vn ti ng b c thi gian s dng ti

thiu l 6 nm, ti a l 10 nm. DN ng k vi c quan thu

chn PP khu hao nhanh ng thng v thi gian KH 4 nm.

Tnh chi ph khu hao hng nm? PP khu hao DN chn c vi

phm Thng t 203 khng?

Gii: D = 10 t /4 = 2,5 t ng/nm

Thi gian sd bnh qun ca phng tin vn ti b trn l 8

nm {(6+ 10)/2 = 8}. DN thc hin khu hao nhanh khng

qu 2 ln (8 nm/2 = 4 nm) mc KH ng thng

Theo ph lc 1 ban hnh km theo thng t 203/2009/TT BTC ngy 20/10/09 ca b ti chnh p dng t 01/01/2010: KHUNG THI GIAN S DNG


3. Thu TNDN

nh ngha: l loi thu trc thu nh vo li nhun ca doanh nghip

Nm 1990, Lut thu li tc c ban hnh. Tuy nhin qua 8 nm thc hin, Lut thu li tc dn dn bc l nhiu nhc im v khng cn ph hp vi tnh hnh kinh t Vit Nam trong giai on mi.

V vy, Lut thu thu nhp doanh nghip s 14/2008/QH12 c ban hnh nhm m bo s ph hp vi yu cu pht trin ca nn kinh t trong giai on mi.


3. Thu TNDN

Thu nhp chu thu:

Gm thu nhp t hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh

hng ho, dch v v thu nhp khc nh:

+ TN t chuyn nhng vn, chuyn nhng bt

ng sn;

+ TN t quyn s hu, quyn s dng ti sn;

+ TN t chuyn nhng, cho thu, thanh l TS

+ TN t li tin gi, cho vay vn

..... (xem thm Lut thu)


3. Thu TNDN

Thu sut:

1. Thu sut thu TNDN l 25%, tr trng hp

quy nh khc

2. Thu sut thu TNDN i vi hot ng tm

kim, thm d, khai thc du kh v ti nguyn

qu him khc t 32% n 50% ph hp vi tng

d n, tng c s kinh doanh.


3. Thu TNDN

Cch tnh thu

Thu = (TI) * (TR)

TI : thu nhp chu thu (Taxable Income)

TR : thu sut (Tax Rate)

Cch tnh thu nhp chu thu (li tc chu thu)

TI = (Tng doanh thu) (Chi ph hdkd) (Chi ph khu hao) + (TN khc, nu c)


V d:

Trong nm 2010, cng ty Yakult c doanh thu 20 t

ng, tng chi ph sn xut v khu hao l 10 t

ng. Tnh tin thu cty ny phi ng.

Bit thu TNDN l 25%

TI = 20 10 = 10 (t ng)

Thu = TI * TR = 10 * 0,25 = 2,5 t

3. Thu TNDN


3. Thu TNDN

Khon Di vn (capital gains): l khon TN xy ra khi em bn mt TSC vi gi SP1 ln hn gi mua ban u

FC.

Khon di vn = SP1 FC

Khon ht vn (capital loss): l khon chi ph xy ra khi gi bn SP3 nh hn gi tr bt ton BV ti thi im bn

ti sn

Khon ht vn = BV SP3

Khon di khu hao (recapture depreciation RD): l khon TN xy ra khi gi bn SP2 ln hn gi tr bt ton

BV ti thi im bn ti sn

Khon di khu hao = SP2 - BV


Khon Di vn Ht vn

FC: Gi mua ban u SP1, SP2, SP3: Gi bn

BV: Gi tr bt ton

3. Thu TNDN



Sut thu li sau thu:

Chui dng tin t:

Trc thu : CFBT (Cash Flow Before Tax) Sau thu : CFAT (Cash Flow After Tax)



Khng vay vn (100% vn cng ty):

Dng tin trc thu: CFBT = DT CP + gi thanh l TS

Thu nhp chu thu: TI = TN t hsx + TN khc (thanh l TS)

TN t hsx = DT CP Khu hao

TN t thanh l TS = Gi bn thanh l TS Gi tr cn li

Thu: T = (TI)*(thu sut TR)

Dng tin sau thu: CFAT = CFBT Thu



Khng vay vn (100% vn cng ty): Bng tnh tng hp

Nm 0 -> n

1/ Doanh thu

2/ Chi ph

3/ Gi bn/thanh l TS

4/ Gi tr cn li

5/ CFBT = 1 2 + 3

6/ CP khu hao

7/ TN t HSX chu thu= 1 2 - 6

8/ TN khc (t thanh l TS) = 3 - 4

9/ Thu = 7 * thu TNDN + 8 * thu di ht vn v khu hao

10/ CFAT = 5 - 9



C vay vn :

Dng tin trc thu: CFBT = DT CP + gi thanh l TS

Thu nhp chu thu: TI = TN t hsx + TN khc (thanh l TS)

TN t hsx = DT CP Khu hao Li vay

TN t thanh l TS = Gi bn thanh l TS Gi tr cn li

Thu: T = (TI)*(thu sut TR)

Dng tin sau thu: CFAT = CFBT Thu - Li vay Vn vay



C vay vn: Bng tnh tng hp Nm 0 -> n

1/ Doanh thu

2/ Chi ph

3/ Gi bn/thanh l TS

4/ Gi tr cn li

5/ CFBT = 1 2 + 3

6/ CP khu hao

7/ Li vay phi tr

8/ TN t HSX chu thu = 1-2-6-7

9/ TN khc (t thanh l TS) = 3-4

10/ Thu = 8*thu TNDN + 9*thu di ht vn v khu hao

11/ Vn vay phi tr

12/ CFAT = 5 7 10 - 11



V d:

Mt cng ty u t vo mt dy chuyn sn sut sa chua vi chi ph u t ban u ca thit b l 15 tr. Sau 5 nm s dng, gi tr cn li l 2tr. Thu nhp hng nm l 7 tr, chi ph hng nm l 1 tr. Thu TNDN l 50%. Khu hao u hng nm. Gi bn thit b sau 5 nm l 3 tr.

1. Xc nh CFAT nu 100% vn ca Cng ty.

2. Xc nh CFAT nu 40% vn ch s hu v 60% l vn vay. Li sut ca vn vay l 10% v l li sut n. Phng thc thanh ton l tr u trong 5 nm c li ln vn.



0 1 2 3 4 5

1/ Doanh thu 7 7 7 7 7

2/ Chi ph 15 1 1 1 1 1

3/ Gi bn/thanh l TS 3

4/ Gi tr cn li 2

5/ CFBT = 1 2 + 3 -15 6 6 6 6 6 + 3

6/ CP khu hao 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

7/ TN t HSX chu thu= 1 2 - 6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

8/ TN khc (t thanh l TS) = 3 - 4 1

9/ Thu = 7 * thu TNDN + 8 * thu

di ht vn v khu hao 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2

10/ CFAT = 5 - 9 -15 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 6.8

1/ 100% vn cng ty



0 1 2 3 4 5

1/ Doanh thu 7 7 7 7 7

2/ Chi ph 6 1 1 1 1 1

3/ Gi bn/thanh l TS 3

4/ Gi tr cn li 2

5/ CFBT = 1 2 + 3 -6 6 6 6 6 6 + 3

6/ CP khu hao 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

7/ Li vay phi tr 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

8/ TN t HSX chu thu = 1-2-6-7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

9/ TN khc (t thanh l TS) = 3-4 1

10/ Thu = 8*thu TNDN + 9*thu

di ht vn v khu hao 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.75

11/ Vn vay phi tr 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

12/ CFAT = 5 7 10 - 11 -6 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.05 4.55

2/ 40% vn cng ty

Bi ging Lp v phn tch d n - 2011 29


Bi tp:

ng Phng va mua ming t (gi 1 t ng)

xy mt khch sn mini (tng chi ph xy l 3 t ng).

ng d nh cho thu trong 3 nm vi khon thu rng

hng nm l 400 triu ng, v s bn khch sn cng t

vo cui nm 3 vi gi 5,5 t ng (trong 1 t ng l

tin bn t).

ng dng khu hao ng thng cho khch sn, vi

gi tr cn li l 500 triu ng, thi gian khu hao l 10

nm (lu : t khng khu hao). Thu sut cho cc

khon li tc thng thng, di vn, ht vn l 40%.

Hy c tnh CFAT ca d n ny?



0 1 2 3

1/ Gi tr cn li 2.25

2/ Gi bn 1+4.5

3/ CFBT -(1+3) 0.4 0.4 0.4 + 5.5

4/ CP Khu hao 0.25 0.25 0.25

5/ TN t HSX chu thu 0.15 0.15 0.15

6/ TN khc t thanh l TS 4.5 - 2.25

7/ Thu 0.06 0.06 0.96

8/ CFAT -4 0.34 0.34 4.94



S liu ban u My tin A My tin B

Chi ph v thu nhp( triu )

u t ban u

Chi ph hng nm

Thu nhp hng nm

Gi bn TS

SV

Tui th (nm)

10

2,2

5

2

1,5

5

15

4,3

8

0

1,5

10

MARR(%)

Thu sut

5%

55%

Phn tch kinh t sau thu la chn PA u t theo AW. Phng php khu hao l ng thng.



GII:

SV gi nh dng tnh khu hao cho c 2 PA l 1,5tr

PA A c khon di khu hao: 2 - 1,5 = 0,5 tr. PA B c khon ht vn l: 0 1,5 = -1,5 tr



Phng n A

0 1 2 3 4 5

Doanh thu 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

Chi ph 10 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

CFBT -10 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 + 2

CP Khu hao 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Thu nhp chu thu 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 + 0.5

Thu 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.88

CFAT -10.0 2.20 2.20 2.20 2.20 3.92

AW = 0.2



Phng n B

0 1 2 . 9 10

Doanh thu 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0

Chi ph 15 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

CFBT -15 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 + 0

CP Khu hao 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Thu nhp chu thu 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 - 1.5

Thu 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 0.44

CFAT -15.00 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.44 3.26

AW = 0.56


BI TP

Lm bi 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.9, 6.10 v 6.12

Lu : khu hao ch hc phn m hnh khu hao

SL, cc m hnh khc nh SYD, DDB khng hc

c6- khau hao va ptda sau thue.pdf

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