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Orfl-Burl 1 WRIT Wr 1/195 : aifistririr 13MINISTRY OF PERSONNEL, PUBLIC GRIEVANCES

AND PENSIONS(Department of Personnel and Training)

NOTIFICATIONNew Delhi, the 4th February, 2012

RULESF. No. 13018/20/2011-AIS(I).The rules for a

competitive examinationCivil Services Examinationto beheld by the Union Public Service Commission in 2012 for thepurpose of filling vacancies in the following services/postsare, with the concurrence of the Ministries concerned andthe Comptroller and Auditor G eneral of India in respect of theIndian Audit and Accounts Service, published for generalinformation :-

() The Indian Administrative Service.(i ) The Indian Foreign Service.

(ii) The Indian Police Service.(iv) The Indian P&T Accounts and Finance Service,

Group 'A'.(v ) The Indian Audit and Accounts Service,Group 'A'.

(vi) Indian Revenue Service (Customs & CentralExcise) Gr. A .

(vii) The Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group 'A'.(viii) The Indian Revenue Service, (LT) Group 'A'.

(ix) The Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group'A'. (Asstt. Works ManagerAdministration).(x ) The Indian Postal Service, Group 'A'.(m) The Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group 'A'.Odi) The Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group 'A'.(xii) The Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group 'A'.(Ay) The Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group 'A'.(xv) Post of Assistant Security Commissioner, Group

'A' in Railway Protection Force.(xvi) The Indian Defence Estates Service, Group 'A'.(xvii) The Indian Information Service, Junior Grade

Group 'A'.i) Indian Trade Service, Group 'A' (Gr. Ill).) Indian Corporate Law Service. Group 'A'.

xx ) Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service, Group'B' (Section Officer's Grade).Ow) Delhi, Andaman and Nicober Islands,Lakshadweep. Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar

Haveli Civil Service, Group '8'.Delhi, Andaman and Nicober Islands.Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra & NagarHaveli Police Service. Group '13'.

) Pondicherry Civil Service, Group 'B'.) Pondicherry Police Service, Group '8'.

I. The examination will be conducted by the UnionPublic Service Commission in the manner prescribed inAppendix Ito these rules.

The dates on which and the places at which thePreliminary and Main Examinations will be held shall be fixedby the Commission.

2. A candidate shall be required to indicate in his/herapplication form for the Main Examination his/her order ofpreferences for various services/posts for which he/shewould like to be considered for appointment in case he/sheis recommended for appointment by Union Public ServiceCommission. No change in preference of services onceindicated by a candidate would be permitted.

A candidate who wishes to be considered for IAS/IPSshall be required to indicate in his/her application form forthe Main Examination his/ her order of preferences for variousState caders for which he/she would like to be considered forallotment in case he/she is appointed to the IAS/1PS. No.change in preference of cadre once indicated by a candidatewould be permitted.

Note 1.The candidate is advised to be very carefulwhile indicating preferences for various services/posts. Inthis connection, attention is also invited to rule 19 of theRules. The candidate is also advised to indicate all theservices/posts in the order of preference in his/her applicationform. In case he/she does not give any preference for anyservices/posts, it will be assumed that he/she has no specificpreference for those services. If he/she is not allotted to anyone of the services/posts for which he/she has indicatedpreference, he/she shall be allotted to any of the remainingservices/posts in which there are vacancies after allocationof all the candidates who can be allocated to services/postsin accordance with their preferences.

Note II.The candidates are advised to visit DOP &T's website www.persmin.nie.in for information/details aboutservice allocation/cadre allotment.

Note III."A candidate who wishes to be consideredfor IAS/IPS shall be very careful while indicating preferencesfor various cadres. The candidate is advised to indicate allthe cadres in the order of preference in his/her DetailedApplication form (DAF) [which is to be filled in case of his/her selection for the Civil Services (Main) Examination]. Incase he/she does not give any preference for any cadre it willbe assumed that he/she does not have a specific preferencefor any cadre. If he/she is not allotted to any one of thecadres for which he/she has indicated preference, he/sheshall be allotted to any ofihe remaining cadres in which thereare vacancies after allocation of all the candidates who canbe allocated to those cadres in accordance with theirpreferences."

3. The number of vacancies to be filled on the result ofthe examination will be specified in the Notice issued by theCommission.

Reservation will be made for candidates belonging tothe Scheduled Castes. Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward

496 GU12-1 5

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THE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY Pan I--Stv. I114Classes and Physically disabled categories in respect ofvacancies as may be fixed by the Government.

4. Every candidate appearing at the examination whois otherwise eligible, shall be permitted four attempts at theexamination :

Provided that this restriction on the number of attemptswill not apply in the case of Scheduled Castes and ScheduledTribes candidates who are otherwise eligible :

Provided further that the number of attemptspermissible to candidates belonging to Other BackwardClasses, who are otherwise eligible, shall be seven. Therelaxation will be available to the candidates who are eligibleto avail of reservation applicable to such candidates :

Provided futher that a physically handicapped will getas many attempts as are available to other non-physicallyhandicapped candidates of his or her community, subject tothe condition that a physically handicapped candidatebelonging to the General Category shall be eligible for sevenattempts. The relaxation will be available to the physicallyhandicapped candidates who are eligible to avail ofreservation applicable to such candidates.Note

(I) An attempt at a Preliminary Examination shall bedeemed to be an attempt at the Examination.

(II) If a candidate actually appears in any one paperin the Preliminary Examination, he/she shall bedeemed to have made an attempt at theExamination.

(III) Notwithstanding the disqualification/cancella-tion of candidature, the fact of appearance of thecandidate at the examination will count as anattempt.

5. (I) For the Indian Administrative Service and IndianPolice Service, a candidate must be a citizen of India.(2) For other Services, a candidate must be either- -

(a ) a citizen of India, or(b) a subject of Nepal, or(c ) a subject of Bhutan, or(d ) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before

the 1st January, 1962 with the intention ofpermanently settling in India, or

(e ) a person of Indian origin who has migrated fromPakistan, Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, EastAfrican countries of Kenya, Uganda, the UnitedRepublic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire andEthiopia or Vietnam with the intention ofpermanently settling in India :

Provided that a candidate belonging to categories (b),(c), (d) and (e) shall be a person in whose favour a certificateof eligibility has been issued by the Government of India :

Provided further that candidates belonging tocategories (b), (c) and (d) above will not be eligible forappointment to the Indian Foreign Service.

A candidate in whose case a certificate of eligibility isnecessary may be admitted to the examination but the oilerof appointment may be given only after the necessaryeligibility certificate has been issued to him/her by theGovernment of India.

6. (a) A candidate must have attained the age of 21years and must not have attained the age of 30 years onthe 1st of August, 2012 i.e., he must have been born notearlier than 2nd August, 1982 and not later than I st August,1991.

.;b) Die upper age-limit prescribed above will berelaxable :

(i) up to a maximum of live years if a candidatebelongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe;

(ii) up to a maximum of three years in the case ofcandidates belonging to Other Backward Classeswho are eligible to avail ofrescrvation applicableto such candidates;

(iii) up to a maximum of five years if a candidate hadordinarily been domiciled in the State ofJammuand Kashmir during the period from the 1stJanuary, 1980 to the 31st day of December, 1989:

(iv) up to a maximum of three years in the case ofDefence Services Personnel, disabled inoperations during hostilities with any foreigncountry or in a disturbed area and released as aconsequence thereof;

(v) up to a maximum of five years in the case of ex-servicemen including Commissioned Officers andECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least fiveyears Military Service as on 1st August, 2012and have been released;

(a ) on completion of assignment (includingthose whose assignment is due to becompleted within one year from 1st August.2012) otherwise than h way of dismissal ordischarge on account of misconduct orinefficiency; or

(b) on account of physical disability attributableto Military Service; or

(c ) on invalidment.(vi) up to a maximum of five years in the case of ECOs.

assignment of five years of Military Service ason 1st August, 2012 and whose assignment hasbeen extended beyond live years and in whosecase the Ministry of De lence issues a certificatethat they can apply for civil employment and thatthey will be released on three months notice onselection from the date of receipt of offer ofappointment.

(vii) up to a maximum of 10 years in the case of blind.deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicappedpersons.

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MAItiiwdl J Rff a ,7 TRW( : SMARM 15Mott I :Candidates belonging to the Scheduled

Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and the Other BackwardClasses who are also covered under any other clauses ofRule 6(b) above, viz. those coming under the category ofEx-servicemen, persons domiciled in the State of J & K, blind,deaf-mute and orthopaedically handicapped etc. will beeligible for grant of cumulative age-relaxation under both thecategories.

Note II :The term Ex-servicemen will apply to thepersons who are defined as Ex-servicemen in theEx-servicemen (Re-employment in Civil Services and Posts)Rules, 1979, as amended from time to time.

Note III :The age concession under Rule 6(bXv .) and(vi) will not be admissible to Ex-servicemen and CommissionedOfficers including ECOs/SSCOs, who are released on ownrequest.

Note IV :Notwithstanding the provision of age-relaxation under Rule 6(bXvii) above, a physically disabledcandidate will be considered to be eligible for appointmentonly if he/she (after such physical examination as theGovernment or appointing authority, as the case may be, mayprescribe) is found to satisfy the requirements of physicaland medical standards for the concerned Services/Posts tobe allocated to the physically disabled candidates by theGovernment.

Save as provided above, the age-limits prescribed canin no case be relaxed.

The date of birth, accepted by the Commission is thatentered in the Matriculation or Secondary School LeavingCertificate or in a certificate recognised by an Indian Universityas equivalent to Matriculation or in an extract from a Registerof Matriculates maintained by a University which extract mustbe certified by the proper authority of the University or in theHigher Secondary or an equivalent examination certificate.These certificates are required to be submitted only at the timeof applying for the Civil Services (Main) Examination. No otherdocument relating to age like horoscopes, affidavits, birthextracts from Municipal Corporation, Service records and thelike will be accepted.

The expression Matriculation/Higher SecondaryExamination Certificate in this part of the Instruction includethe alternative certificates mentioned above.

Note 1:Candidate should note that only the date ofbirth as recorded in the Matriculation/Secondary Examinationcertificate or an equivalent certificate on the date ofsubmission of application will be accepted by the Commission,and no subsequent request for its change will be consideredor granted.

Note 2:Candidates should also note that once adate of birth has been claimed by them and entered in therecords of the Commission for the purpose of admission toan Examination, no change will be allowed subsequently orat any other Examination of the Commission on any groundswhatsoever.

7. A candidate must hold a degree of any of theUniversities incorporated by an Act of the Central or StateLegislature in India or other educational institutionsestablished by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemedas a University under Section 3 of the University GrantsCommission Act, 1956 or possess an equivalent qualification.

Note 1:Candidates who have appeared at anexamination the passing of which would render themeducationally qualified for the Commission's examination buthave not been informed of the result as also the candidateswho intend to appear at such a qualifying examination willalso be eligible for admission to the Preliminary Examination.

All candidates who are declared qualified by. theCommission for taking the Civil Services ( Main) Examinationwill be required to produce proof of passing the requisiteexamination along with their application for the MainExamination failing which such candidates will not be admittedto the Main Examination.

Note I1:In exceptional cases the (Inion Public ServiceCommission may treat a candidate who has not any of theforegoing qualification as a qualified candidate provided thathe has passed examination conducted by other institutionthe standard of which in the opinion of the Commissionjustifies his admission to the examination.

Note Ill:Candidates possessing professional andtechnical qualifications which are recognised by Governmentas equivalent to professional and technical degree wouldalso be eligible for admission to the examination.

Note IV:Candidates who have passed the finalprofessional M.B.B.S or any other Medical Examination buthave not completed their internship by the time of submissionof their applications for the Civil Services (Main) Examination,will be provisionally admitted to the Examination providedthey submit along with their application a copy of certificatefrom the concerned authority of the University/Institutionthat they had passed the requisite linal professional medicalexamination. In such cases, the candidates will be requiredto produce at the time of their interview original degree or acertificate from the concerned competent authority of theUniversity/Institution that they had completed all require-ments (including completion of internship) for the award ofthe Degree.

8. A candidate who is appointed to the IndianAdministrative Service or the Indian Foreign Service on theresults of an earlier examination and continues to be a memberof that service will not be eligible to compete at thisexamination.

In case such a candidate is appointed to the 1AS/IFSafter the Preliminary Examination of Civil ServicesExamination, 2012 is over and hc'she continues to be amcmher of that service, he/she shall not he eligible to appearin the Civil Services (Main) Examination. 2011notwithatanding his/her having qualif in the Preliminar)Examination, 2012.

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1 1 6 HE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY PArcr IS ac. I ]Also provided that i f such a candidate is appointed to

IAS/ IFS after the comm encem ent of the Civi l Services (Main)Exam ination, 2011 but before the result thereof and continuesto be a mem ber of that service, he/she shal l not be consideredfor appointment to any service/pos t on the basis of the resultof this exam ination viz . Civi l Services E xam ination, 2012.

9. C a n d i d a t e s m u s t p a y t h e f e e s p r e s c r i b e d i n th eCommission's Notice.1 0 . All candidates in Government service, whether in ap e r m a n e n t o r in t e m p o r a r y c a p a c i ty o r a s w o r k c h a r g e d

employee, other than casual or dai ly rated employees or thoses e r v ing unde r Pub l ic En te r pr is e s wi l l be r e q ui r e d to s ubm i tan un dertaking that they have informed in w riting their Headof Office/Department that they have applied for theExamination. Candidates should note that in case ac o m m u n i c a t i o n i s r e c e iv e d f r o m t h e i r e m p l o y e r b y t h eC o m m is s io n w i t h h o ld in g p e r m is s io n t o t h e c a n d id a t e sapplying for appearing at the examination, their appl icationswi l l be l iab le to be re j ected/candidature w i l l be l iab le to becancel led.I I . The decision of the C omm ission as to the el igibi l ityor otherwise of a candidate for admission to the examinationshal l be f inal ,

The can didates applying for the exam inat ion shouldensure that they fulfil all the eligibility conditions for admissiont o t h e E x a m in a t io n . T h e i r a d m is s io n a t a l l t h e s t a g e s o fe x a m ina t ion f or whic h the y a r e a dm i tte d by the C om m is s ionviz. Prel iminary Examination, Main (Wri tten) Examination andI n t e r v ie w T e s t w i ll b e p u r e l y p r o v i s i o n a l , s u b j e c t t o t h e i rsatisfying the presc ribed eligibility cond itions. Ifon verificationat any t ime before or after the Prel iminary Examination, Main(Wri tten) Exam ination and interview Test, i t is found that theydo n ot fulfil any of the e l igibi li ty conditions, their ca ndidaturefor the examination wi l l be cancel led by the Commission.

1 2. No candidate w i ll be adm it ted to the P re l iminary/Main E xam ination unless he holds a certificate of admissionfor the Exa mination.

13. No request for withdrawal of candidature receivedfrom a c andidate after he has sub mitted his appl ication wi l l beentertained under any circumstances.

1 4 . A c a n d i d a t e w h o i s o r h a s b e e n d e c l a r e d b y t h eC o m m is s io n t o b e g u i l t y o f :( i ) O b t a in in g s u p p o r t fo r h is c a n d id a t u r e b y t h efo l lowing means, namely : -

(a ) offering illegal gratification to; or(b ) applying pressure on; or(c ) blackma i l ing, or threatening to blackma i l any

p e r s o n c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e c o n d u c t o f t h eexam ination; or( i i ) impersonation; or

( i ii ) pr oc ur ing im pe r s on a t ion by a n y pe r s on; o r( iv ) subm it ting fabr icated docum ents or docum ents

whic h ha v e be e n ta m pe r e d wi th; or( v ) making staitements wh ich are incorrect or false orsuppressing material information; or

( v i ) resor t ing to the fo llowing m eans in co nnect ionwith his candidature for the examination,namely :-

(a ) o b t a i n i n g c o p y o f q u e s t i o n p a p e r t h r o u g himproper means;(b ) f in d i n g o u t t h e p a r t ic u l a r s o f t h e p e r s o n sconn ected w i th secret work re lat ing to the

examination;(c ) influencing the exam iners; or

(v i i ) using unfair means during the examination; or( v i ii ) w r i ti n g o b s c e n e m a t t e r o r d r a w i n g o b s c e n e

sketches in the scripts; or( ix ) misbeha ving in the exam inat ion hal l inc luding

tearing of the scripts, provoking fellow examineest o b o y c o t t e x a m i n a t io n , c r e a t i n g a d i s o r d e r l yscene an d the l ike: or

( x ) h a r a s s i n g o r d o i n g b o d i l y h a r m t o t h e s t a f fe m ploye d by the C om m is s ion f or the c onduc t oftheir exam ination; err

(x) being in possession of or using any mob ile phone,pager or any e lect ronic equipment or device ora ny othe r e q uipm e nt c a pa b le of be ing us e d a s acom munication device during the examination; or

(x i i ) violating any of the instructions issued tocandidates along with their admission certificatesperm itt ing them to take the exam ination; or

(xi i i ) a t t e m p t i n g t o c o m m i t o r , a s t h e c a s e m a y b e ,abetting the com mission of a i l or any of the actsspecif ied in the foregoing clauses;m a y i n a d d i t io n t o r e n d e r i n g h i m s e l f l ia b l e t ocriminal prosecution, be l iable:( a ) t o b e d i s q u a l i fi e d b y t h e C o m m i s s i o n f r o m

the Examination for which he is a candidate;and/or( b ) t o b e d e b a r r e d e i th e r p e r m a n e n t ly o r fo r a

specified period :( i) by the Com mission, from any examination

or selection held by them;(i i ) b y t h e C e n t r a l G o v e r n m e n t fr o m a n y

empl oy ment under them; and( c ) i f he is a l ready in serv ice under G overnm ent

to dis c ipl ina r y a c t ion u nde r the a pp r opr ia terules :Provided that no penalty under this rule shal lbe imposed exc ept after :( i ) g i v in g t h e c a n d i d a t e a n o p p o r t u n i t y o f

making such representation in wri t ing ashe may wish to make in that behalf ; andtaking the representation, if any,s u b m i tt e d b y t h e c a n d i d a t e w i th i n t h eperiod allowed to him into consideration.

1 5 . Candidates who ob ta in such min imum q ual i fy ingmarks i n the Pre l i mi nary Exam i nat ion as m ay b e f i xed b y the

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[ ar 1 / V F W a 7 7 1r /W : b i f f 1 1 1 1 7 7 0 / 1 7Commission at their discretion shall be admitted to the MainExamination; and candidates who obtain such minimumqualifying marks in the Main Examination (Written) as may befixed by the Commission at their discretion shall be summonedby them for an interview for personality test :

Provided that candidates belonging to the ScheduledCastes or Scheduled Tribes or Other Backward Classes may besummoned for an interview for a personality test by theCommission by applying relaxed standards in the PreliminaryExamination as well as Main Examination (Written) if theCommission is tithe opinion that sufficient number of candidatesfrom thesecommunities are not likely to be summoned for interviewfin: a personality test on the basis of the general standard in orderto fill up vacancies reserved for them.

16. (I) After interview, the candidates will be arrangedby the Commission in the order of merit as disclosed by theaggregate marks finally awarded to each candidate in theMain Examination. Thereafter, the Commission shall, for thepurpose of recommending candidates against unreservedvacancies. fix a qualifying mark (hereinafter referred to asgeneral qualifying standard) with reference to the number ofunreserved vacancies to be filled up on the basis of the MainExamination. For the purpose of recommending reserved 4category candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes,Scheduled 'Tribes and Other Backward Classes againstreserved vacancies, the Commission may relax the generalqualifying standard with reference to number of reservedvacancies to be tilled up in each of these categories on thebasis of the Main Examination :

Provided that the candidates belonging to theScheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and the Other BackwardClasses who have not availed themselves of any of theconcessions or relaxations in the eligibility or the selectioncriteria, at any stage of the examination and who after takinginto account the general qualifying standards are found fitfor recommendation by the Commission shall not berecommended against the vacancies reserved for ScheduledCastes, Scheduled Tribes and the Other B a c k w a r d Classes.

(2) While making service allocation, the candidatesbelonging to the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes orOther Backward Classes recommended against unreservedvacancies may be adjusted against reserved vacancies bythe Govt. If by this process they get a service of higher choicein the order of their preference.

(3) The Commission may further lower the qualifyingstandards to take care of any shortfall of candidates forappointment against unreserved vacancies and any surplusof candidates against reserved vacancies arising out of theprovisions of this rule, the Commission may make therecommendations in the manner prescribed in sub-rules (4)and (5).

(4 ) While recommending the candidates, theCommission shall, in the first instance, take into account thetotal number of vacancies in all categories. This total numberof recommended candidates shall be reduced by the number

of candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes, theScheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes who acquirethe merit at or above the fixed general qualifying standardwithout availing themselves of any concession or relaxationin the eligibility or selection criteria in terms of the proviso tosub-rule ( I ). Along with this list of recommended candidates,the Commission shall also maintain a consolidated reservelist of candidates which will include candidates from generaland reserved categories ranking in order of merit below thelast recommended candidate under each category. The reservelist so maintained shall be treated as confidential till theprocess of recommendations(s) in terms of sub-rule (5) isfinally concluded by the Commission. The number ofcandidates in each of these categories will be equal to thenumber of r eser ved category candidates who were includedin the first list without a vailing of any relaxation or concessionin eligibility or select ion cr i ter ia as per prov iso to sub-rule (1) .Amongst the reserved categories, the number of candidatesfrom each of the Scheduled Caste, the Scheduled Tribe andOther Backward Class categories in the reserve list will beequal to the respective number of vacancies reduced initiallyin each category.

5. The candidates recommended in terms of theprovisions of sub-rule (4), shall be allocated by theGovernment to the services and where certain vacancies stillremain to be filled up, the Government may forward arequisition to the Commission requiring it to recommend, inorder of merit, from the reserve list, the same number ofcandidates as requisitioned for the purpose of filling up theunfilled vacancies in each category.

17. The minimum qualifying marks as specified underrules 15 and 16 may be relaxable at the discretion of theCommission in favour of physically handicapped candidatesin order to fill up the vacancies reserved for them :

Provided that where a physically handicappedcandidate obtains the minimum qualifying marks in his ownmerit in the requisite number for General, or the ScheduledCaste or the Scheduled Tribe or Other Backward Classcategory candidates, then, the extra physically handicappedcandidates, i.e., more than the number of vacancies reservedfor them shall be recommended by the Commission on therelaxed standards and consequential amendments in the ruleswill be notified in due course.

18. The form and manner of communication of the resultsof the examination to individual candidates shall be decidedby the Commission in their discretion and the Commissionwill not enter into correspondence with them regardingthe results.

19. (i) Due consideration will be given at the time ofmaking allocation on the results of the examination to thepreferences expressed by a candidate for various services atthe time of his application. The appointment to variousservices will also be governed by the Rules/Regulations inforce as applicable to the respective Services at the time ofappointment.

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t18 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY Parr(ii) The cadre allotment to candidates' appointment to

fAS/IPS will be governed by the policy of cadre allotment inforce at the time of allotment of cadre. Due consideration willbe given at the time of making allocation on the results of theexamination to the preferences expressed by a candidate forvarious cadres at the time of his:application.

20. Success in the examination confers no right toappointment unless Government are satisfied after suchenquiry as may be considered necessary that the candidate,having regard to his character and antecedents, is suitable inall respects for appointment to the Service.

21. A candidate must be in good mental and bodilyhealth and free from any physical defect likely to interfere withthe discharge of his duties as an officer of the service. Acandidate who after such medical examination as Governmentor the appointing authority, as the case may be, may prescribe.is found not to satisfy these requirements will not be appointed.Any candidate called for the Personality Test by theCommission may he required to undergo medical examination.

No fee shall be payable to the Medical Board by the candidatefor the medical examination except in the case of appeal :Provided further that Government may constitute a

special Medical Board with ex pens in the area for conductingthe medical examination of physically disabled candidates.

Note :In order to prevent disappointment, candidatesare advised to have themselves examined by a GovernmentMedical Officer of the standing of a Civil Surgeon. beforeapplying Ibr admission to the examination. Particulars of thenature of the medical test to which candidates will besubjected before appointment and of the standards requiredare given in Appendix Ill to these Rides. For the disabled ex-Defence Services Personnel. the standards will be relaxedconsistent with the requirements of the Service(s).

22. The eligibility for availing reservation against thevacancies reserved for the physically disabled persons shallh e the same as prescribed in "The Persons with Disability(Equal Opportunities. Protection of Rights and FullPanic ipation) Act, 1995':

Provided further that the physicalls disabledcandidates shall also he required to meet special eligibilitycriteria in terms of physical requirements functionalclassification (abilities disabilities) consistent withrequirements of the identified service post as may beprescribed by its cadre controlling authority. A list ofServicesidentified suitable for Physically Disabled Category alongwith the physical requirements and functional classificationsis at Annexure-1V.

'Die physical requirement and functional classificationcan. for example. be one or more of the following :(.ODE 1'SICAL REQUIREMENTSMI: I. Work performed by manipulation by fingers.PP 2. Work performed by pulling and pushing.1 . . Work performed by lifting.

4. Work performed by kneeling and crouching.5. Work performed by bending.6. Work performed by sitting (on bench or chair).7. Work performed by standing.8. Work performed by walking.

SE 9. Work performed by seeing.H 10. Work performed by hearing/speaking.RW 1 1 . Work performed by reading and writing.C 12. Communication.CODE UNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONH I , . both legs affected but not arms.BA 2. both arms affected- -

a. impaired reach.b. weakness of grip.c. ataxic

BIA 3. both legs and both arms affected.(X. 4. one leg affected (R or I.)

a. impaired reach.b. weakness of grip.c. ataxic.

OA 5. one arm affected (R or [4a. impaired reach.h. weakness of grip.c. ataxic.

()Al. O One arm and one leg affectedMW 7. muscular weaknessB . Blind.IV . 1.ow VisionII 0. HearingNote : The above list is subject to revision.

23. A candidate will be eligible to get the benefit ofcommunity reservation only in case the particular caste towhich the candidates belongs is included in the list ofreserved communities issued by the Central Government. Iracandidate indicates in his/her application form for CivilServices (Preliminary) Examination that he/she belongs toGeneral Category but subsequently writes to the Commissionto change his/her category, to a reserved one. such requestshall not he entertained by the Commission.

While the above principle will be followed in general,there may be a few cases where there was a little gap (say 2-3 months) between the issuance of a Government Notificationenlisting a particular community in the list of any of thereserved communities and the date of submission of theapplication by the candidate. In such cases the request ofchange of community from general to reserved may beconsidered by the Commission on merit.

24. The closing date fixed for the receipt of theapplication will be treated as the date for determining the013C status (including that of creams layer) of the candidates.

25. No person -(a) who has entered into or contracted a marriage

with a person having a spouse living, or

KCBNSST

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[ 1 1 1 1I Mir I J aff *7 ?MIN : RAWLY 19(b) who, having a spouse living, has entered into

or contracted a marriage with any person,shall be eligible for appointment to Service :

Provided that the Central Government may, if satisfiedthat such marriage is permissible under the personal lawapplicable to such person and the other party to the marriageand there are other grounds for so doing, exempt any personfrom the operation of this rule.

26 . Candidates are informed that some knowledge ofHindi prior to entry into service would be of advantage inpassing departmental examinations which candidates haveto take after entry into service.

27 . Brief particulars relating to the Services/Posts towhich recruitment is being made through this examinationare given in Appendix 11.

R. K. GUPTA, DirectorAPPENDIX ISECTION I

PLAN OF EXAMINATIONThe competitive examination comprises two successive

s t a g e s :() Civil Services Preliminary Examination (ObjectiveType) for the selection of candidates for Main

Examination; and(k) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and

Interview) for the selection of candidates for thevarious Services and posts.

2. The preliminary Examination will consist of twopapers of Objective type (multiple choice questions) and carrya maximum of 400 marks in the subjects set out in sub-section(A) of Section II. This examination is meant to serve as ascreening test only; the marks obtained in the PreliminaryExamination by the candidates who are declared qualified foradmission to the Main Examination will not be counted fordetermining their final order of merit. The number of candidatesto be admitted to the Main Examination will be about twelve tothirteen times the total approximate number of vacancies to befilled in the year in the various Services and posts. Only thosecandidates who are declared by the Commission to havequalified in the Preliminary Examination in the year will beeligible for admission to the Main Examination of that yearprovided they are otherwise eligible for admission, to the MainExamination.Note I : The Commission will draw a list of candidates to bequalified for Civil Services (Main) Examination based on thetotal qualifying marks as may be determined by theCommission, of the two papers put together.Note II : There will be negative marking for incorrect answers(as detailed below) for all questions except some of thequestions where the negative marking will be inbuilt in theform of different marks being awarded to the most appropriateand not so appropriate answer for such questions.

(i) There are four alternatives for the answers to everyquestion. For each question for which a wrong answer hasbeen given by the candidate, one-third (0.33) of the marksassigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.

(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will betreated as a wrong answer even if one of the given answershappen to be correct and there will be same penalty as abovefor that question.

(iii) If a question is left blank i.e. no answer is given bythe candidate, there will be no penalty 1w that question."

3. The Main Examination will consist of writtenexamination and an interview test the written examination willconsist of 9 papers of conventional essay type in the subjCcisset out in sub-section (B) of Section II. Also see Note (ii)under para I of Section II(B).

4. Candidates who obtain such minimum qualifyingmarks in the written part of the Main Examination as tnay hefixed by the Commission at their discretion, shall be summonedby them for an interview fora Personality 'lest vide sub-section'C' of Section II. However, the papers on Indian languagesand English will be of qualifying nature. Also see Note ( ii)under para I of Section II(B). the marks obtained in thesepapers will not be counted for ranking. The number ofcandidates to be summoned for interview will be about twicethe number of vacancies to be filled. lie interview will carry300 marks (with no minimum qualifying marks).

Marks thus obtained by the candidates in the MainExamination (written part as well as interview) would determinetheir final ranking. Candidates will he allotted to the variousServices keeping in view their ranks in the examination andthe preferences expressed by them for the various Servicesand posts.

SECTIONScheme and subjects for the Preliminary and Main

Examination.A. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION :

The Examination shall comprise or two compulsoryPapers of200 marks each.Note :

(i) Both the question papers will be of the objectivetype (multiple choice questions).

(ii) The question papers will be set both in Hindi andEnglish. However, questions relating to EnglishLanguage Comprehension skills of Class X levelwill be tested through passages from English lan-guage only without providing Hindi translationthereof in the question paper.

(iii) Details of the syllabi are indicated in Part A ofSection III.

(iv) Each paper will be of two hours duration. Blindcandidates will; however, be allowed an extra timeof twenty minutes for each paper.

B. MAIN EXAMINATION :The written examination will consist of the followingpapers :--

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120 HE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY ISEC. I]Paper tOne.of the Indian Language to be

selected by the candidate from thelanguages included in the Eighth

MarathiNepaliOriya

DevanagariDevanagariOriyaSchedule to the Constitution. 300 Marks Punjabi GurumulchiPaper IIEnglish 300 Marks Sanskrit Devanagari

Paper IIIEssay 200 Marks Sindhi Devanagari or ArabicPapersGeneral Studies 300 Marks Tamil TamilIV and V for each paper Telugu TeluguPapas VI, VII, VIII sad IX.Any tw o subjects

to be selected from the list ofthe optional subjects set out inpars 2 below. Each subject will 300 Marks

UrduBodoDogri

PersianDevanagariDevanagari

have two papers. for each paper Maithilli DevanagariSantali Devanagari or Okhiki

InterviewTest will carry 300 Marks.NOTE:

(i) The papas on Indian Languages and English willbe of Matriculation or equivalent standard andw ill be of qualifying nature. The marks obta ined inthese papers will not be counted for ranking.

(a) Evaluation ofthe papers, namely, 'Essay', 'GeneralStudies' and Optional Subjects of all thecandidates would be done simultaneously alongwith evaluation of their qualifying papers on`Indian Languages' and 'English' but the paperson 'Essay'. General Studies and OptionalSubjects of only such candidates will be takencognizance of as attain such minimum standardas may be fixed by the Commission at theirdiscretion for the qualifying papers on 'IndianLanguage' and. 'English' and `theirfore, the marksin 'Essay"General Studies and Optional subjects'will not be disclosed to those candidates whofail to obtain such minimum qualifying standardin 'Indian Language' and 'English.'

(1) The Paper I on Indian Languages will not,however, be compulsory for candidates hailingfrom the North-Eastern States of ArunachalPradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram andNagaland and also for candidates hailing fromthe State of Sikkim.

(iv) For the Language papers, the scripts to be usedby the candidates will be as under :Language criptAssamese ssameseBengali engaliGujarati ujaratiHindi evanagariKannada annadaKashmiri ersianKorthani evanagariMalayalam alayalamManipuri engali

Note : For Santali language, question paper will be printedin Devanagari script; but candidates will be free toanswer either in Devanagari script or in Olchiki.

2. List of optional subjects for Main Examination :AgricultureAnimal Husbandry and Veterinary ScienceAnthropologyBotanyChemistryCivil EngineeringCommerce and AccountancyEconomicsElectrical EngineeringGeographyGeologyHistoryLawManagementMathematicsMechanical EngineeringMedical SciencePhilosophyPhysicsPolitical Science and International RelationsPsychologyPublic AdministrationSociologyStatisticsZoologyLiterature of one of the following languages :Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Chinese,Dogari, English, French, German, Gujarati, Hindi,Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili,Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Pali,Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Santali,Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.

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pint Lot s 1 W *7

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122 HE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY PART I Ssc. 1](vi) In the question papers, wherever required, SI

units will be used.(vii) Candidates should use only International form of

Indian numerals (i.e. I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc.) while answering questionpapers.

(viii) Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific(Non-Programmable type) Calculators at the conventional(Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable typecalculators will however not be allowed and the use of suchcalculators shall tantamount to resorting to unfair means bythe candidates. Loaning or interchanging of calculators in theExamination Hall is not permitted.

It is also important to note that candidates are notpermitted to use calculators for answering objective typepapers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore bring thesame inside the Examination Hall.C. Interview Test

The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who willhave before them a record of his career. He will be askedquestions on matters of general interest. The object of theinterview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidatefor a career in public service by a Board of competent andunbiased observers. The test is intended to judge the mentalcalibre of acandidate. In broad terms this is really an assessmentof not only his intellectual qualities but also social traits and hisinterest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged aremental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logicalexposition, balance ofjudgement, variety and depth of interest,ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moralintegrity.

2. The technique of the interview is not that of a strictcross-examination but of a natural, though directed andpurposive conversation Which is intended to reveal the mentalqualities of the candidate.

3. The interview test is not intended to be a test eitherof the specialised or general knowledge of the candidateswhich has been already tested through their written papers.Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interestnot only in their special subjects of academic study but alsoin the events which are happening around them both withinand outside their own State or Country as well as in moderncurrents of thought and in new discoveries which shouldrouse the curiosity of well educated youth.

SECTION IIISYLLABI FOR THE EXAMINATION

NOTE : Candidates are advised to go through theSyllabus published in this Section for the PreliminaryExamination and the Main Examination, as periodic revisionof syllabus has been done in several subjects.

Part APreliminary ExaminationPaper I - (200 marks) Duration : Two hours

Current events of national and international importance History of India and Indian National Movement Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social, Economic

Geography of India and the World. Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political

System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues,etc.

Economic and Social Development-SustainableDevelopment, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, SocialSector Initiatives, etc.

General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversityand Climate Change - that do not require subjectspecialization

General Science.Paper 11{200 marks) Duration : Two hours

Comprehension Interpersonal skills including communication skills; Logical reasoning and analytical ability Decision making and problem solving General mental ability Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of

magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation(charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. Class Xlevel)

English Language Comprehension skills (Class X level).Note I : Questions relating to English Language Comprehen-

sion skills of Class X level (last item in the Syllabusof Paper-II) will be tested through passages fromEnglish language only without providing Hinditranslation thereof in the question paper.

Note 2: The questions will be of multiple choice, objectivetype.

Note 3: It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in boththe Papers of Civil Services (Prelim) Examination forthe purpose of evaluation. Therefore a candidate willbe disqualified in case he/she does not appear inboth the papers of C ivil Services (Ptedlim) Examina tion.

Part BMain ExaminationThe main Examination is intended to assess the overall

intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidatesrather than merely the range of their information and memory.Total number of questions in the question papers of optionalsubjects will be eight. All questions will carry equal marks.Each paper will be divided into two parts, viz. PartA and PartB, each part containing four questions. Out of eight questions,five questions are to be attempted. One questions in each partwill be compulsory. Candidates will be required to answerthree more questions out of the remaining six questions,taking at least one question from each Part. In this way, atleast two questions will be attempted from each Part i.e. onecompulsory question plus one more.

The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papersfor the examination is broadly of the honours degree level i.e.a level higher than the bachelors degree and lower than themasters degree. In the case of Engineering, MedicalScience and law, the level corresponds to the bachelorsdegree.

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[min-'Fr 1 U WI TRW : RATtlrfur 23COMPULSORY SUBJECTS

Engl i sh and Ind i an LanguagesThe aim of the paper is to test the candidate's ability to

read and understand serious discursive prose, and to expresshis ideas clearly and correctly, in English and Indian languageconcerned.

The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows:English-() Comprehension of given passages

(ii) Precis Writing(iii) Wage. and Vocabulary(iv) Short Essay.

Indian Languages :-(i ) Comprehension of given passages

(ii) Precis Writing(iii) Usage and Vocabulary(iv) Short Essay(v ) Translation from English to the Indian languages

and vice-versa.Note I. The pipers on Indian Languages and English will

be of Matriculation or Equivalent standard and willbe of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained inthese papers will not be counted for ranking.

N o te 2 . The candidates will have to answer the Englishand Indian Languages papers in English and therespective Indian Language (except wheretranslatiqn is involved).

ESSAYCandidates will be required to write an essay on a specific

topic. The choice of subjects will be given. They will beexpected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrangetheir ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Creditwill be given for effective and exact expression.

GENERAL STUDIESG enera l G ui del i nes :

The nature and standard of questions in the GeneralStudies papers will be such that a well-educated person willbe able to answer them without any specialized study. Theques:ions will be such as to test a candidate's generalawareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevancefor a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to testthe candidate's basic understanding of all relevant issues,and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidatesmust give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.P A P E R - II . H i s to r y o f M o d e r n I n d i a a n d I n d i a n C u l t u r e

The History of Modem India will cover history of thecountry from about the middle of the nineteenth century andwould also include questions on important personalities whoshaped the freedom movement and social reforms. The partrelating to Indian Culture will cover all aspects of Indian culture

from the ancient to modern times as well as principal featherof literature, arts and architecture.2 . G e o g r a p h y o f I n d ia

In this part, questions will be on the physical, economicand social geography of India.3. Constitution of ndi a and Ind i an Pol i ty

This part will include questions on the Constitution ofIndia, as well as all constitutional, legal, administrative andother issues emerging from the politico-adnwtishativesystemprevalent in the country.4. Current N at i onal Issues an d Topi cs of Soci a l R el evance

This part is intended to test the Candidate's zsof current national issues and topics of social relevance ,h,:present-day India, such as the following :

(i) The Indian economy and issues rails to plaitmobilization of resources, g rowth, de v e lopm e nt a ndemployment.

00 Issues arising from the social and economic exclusionof large sections from the benefits of development.

(iii) Other issues relating to the development andmanagement of human resource.(iv) Health issues including the management of Public

Health, Health education and ethical concernsregarding health-care, medical research andpharmaceuticals.

(v) Law enforcement, internal security and related issuessuch as the preservation of communal harmony.

(vi) Issues relating to good governance and account-ability to the citizens including the maintenance ofhuman rights, and of probity in public life.

(vii) Environmental issues, ecological preservation,conservation of natural resources and nationalheritage.

P A P E R - I IL I n d ia a n d t h e W o r l d

This part will include questions to test candidate'sawareness of India's relationship with the world invarious spheres such as the following :

Foreign Affairs with special emphasis on India's relationswith neighbouring countries and in the region.

Security and defence related matters. Nuclear policy, issues, and conflicts. The Indian

Diaspora and its contribution to India and the world.2 . I n d i a 's E c o n o m i c I n t e ra c t i o n w i t h t h e W o r l d

In this part, questions will be on economic and tradeissues such as foreign trade, foreign investments;economic and diplomacy issues relating to oil, gas andenergy flows; the role and functions of WorldBank, W.T.O. WIPO etc. which influence India'seconomic interaction with other countrio Andinternational institutions.

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124 HE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY PART ISec. I I

3. Developments in the field of Science & Technology,IT and Space

In this part, questions will test the candidate's awarenessof the developments in the field of science andtechnology, information technology, space and basicideas about computers, robotics, nanotechnology,biotechnology and related issues regarding intellectualproperty rights.

4. International Affairs and InstitutionsThis part will include questions on important events inworld affairs and on international institutions.

5. Statistical analysis, graphs and diagramsThis part will test the candidate's ability to drawconclusions from information presented in statistical,graphical or diagrammatical form and to interpret them.

AGRICULTUREPAPER-I

Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources,their sustainable management and conservation. Physical andsocial environment as factors of crop distribution andproduction. Agro ecology; cropping pattern as indicators ofenvironments. Environmental pollution and associated hazardsto crops, animals and humans. Climate changeInternationalconventions and global .initiatives. Green house effect andglobal warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysisRemote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems(GIS).

Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones ofthe country. Impact of high-yielding and short-durationvarieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of variouscropping, and farming systems. Organic and Precision farming.Package of practices for production of important cereals, pulses,oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.

Important features, and scope of various types offorestry plantations such as social forestry, agro-forestry, andnatural forests : Propagation of forest plants. Forest products.Agro-forestry and value addition. Conservation of forest floraand fauna.

Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination andassociation with various crops; their multiplications; cultural,biological, and chemical control of weeds.

Soil--physical. chemical and biological properties.Processes and factors of soil formation. Soils of India. Mineraland organic constituents of soils and their role in maintainingsoil productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficialelements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soiltesting and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrientmanagement Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation insoils. Efficient phosphoruse and potassium use. Problem soilsand their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gasemission.

Soil conservation, integrated watershed management.Soil erosion and its management. Dry land agriculture and its

problems. Technology for stabilising agriculture productionin rain fed areas.

Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production,criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducingrun-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Dripand sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, qualityof irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil andwater pollution. Irrigation projects in India.

Farm anagement, scope, importance andcharacteristics, farm planning. Optimum resource use andbudgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems.Marketing management strategies for development, marketintelligence. Price fluctuations and their cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types and systems offarming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy.Crop Insurance.

Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methodsof evaluation of extension programmes, socio-economicsurvey and status of big, small and marginal farmers andlandless agricultural labourers; Training programmes forextension workers. Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendra's (KVK) indissemination of Agricultural technologies. Non-GovernmentOrganisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for ruraldevelopment.

PAPERICell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis,

structure and function of genetic material. Laws of heredity.Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage andcross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding.Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mutationand theirrole in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility andincompatibility, classification and their application in cropimprovement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters.

History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction,selfing and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution anddomestication of crop plants, center of origin, law ofhomologous series, crop genetic resourcesconservationand utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding,improvement of crop plants. Molecular markers and theirapplication in plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pegigree,mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, itssignificance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation.Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pestresistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization.Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in cropimprovement Genetically modified crop plants.

Seed production and processing technologies.. Seedcertification. Seed testing and storage. DNA finger printingand seed registration. Role of public and private sectors inseed production, and marketing. Intellectual Property Rights(IPR) issues. WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture.

Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plantnutrition, absorption, translocation and metabolism ofnutrients. Soil-water-plant relationship.

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[ 7 1 771-77 7 31 I 7& 57 < r wvW : 3 7 F I7 W R u l 125Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesismodem

concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic andanaerobic respiration; C,, C, and CAM mechanisms.Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Growth anddevelopment; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growthsubstances and their role in crop production. Physiology of'seed development and germination; dormancy. Stressphysiologydraught, salt and water stress.

Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices andflower crops. Package practices of major horticultural crops.Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Post-harvesttechnology and value addition of fruits and vegetables.Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal andaromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in humannutrition.

Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops,vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their economicimportance. Classification of pests and diseases and theirmanagement. Intergrated pest and diseases management.Storage pests and their management. Biological control ofpests and diseases. Epidemiology and forecasting of majorcrop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides,their formulation and modes of action.

Food production and consumption trends in India. Foodsecurity and growing populationvision 2020. Reasons forgrain surplus. National and International food policies.Production, procurement, distribution constraints. Availability,of foodgtrains, per capita expenditure on food. Trends inpoverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Linepopulation, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policyimplementation in context to globalization. Processingconstraints. Relation of food production to National DietaryGuidelines and food consumption pattern. Food based dietaryapproaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiencyMicronutrient deficiency : Protein Energy Malnutrition or ProteinCalorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiencyand HRD in context of work capacity of women and children.Food grain productivity and food security.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCEPAPER-I

1. Animal Nutrition :1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct

and indirect calorimetry. Carbonnitrogen balanceand comparative slaughter methods. Systems forexpressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigsand poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance,growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meatproduction.

1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy proteininter-relationships. Evaluation of protein quality. Useof NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Proteinrequirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy,lactation, egg, wool and meat production.

13 Major and trace minerals Their sources,physiological functions and deficiency symptoms.Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role offatsoluble and watersoluble vitamins in the body,their sources and deficiency symptoms.

1.4 Feed additivesmethane inhibitors, probiotics,enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides,antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffersetc. Use and abuse of growth promoters likeharmones and antibiotics-- latest concepts.

1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feedingredients. Recent advances in feed technology andfeed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factorspresent in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and qualitycontrol. Digestibility trials--direct, indirect andindicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazinganimals.

1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrientrequirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves,pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategiesfor feeding milch animals during different stages oflactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition.Feeding of g 3 for meat and milk production.Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.

1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter,grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for leanmeat production. Low cost rations for swine.

1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition.Nutrient requirements for meat and egg production.Formulation of rations for different classes of layersand broilers.

2. Animal Physiology :2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration;

excretion. Endocrine glands in health and disease.2.2 Blood constituents.Properties and functions-bloodcell formationHaemoglobin synthesis and

chemistry-plasma proteins production, classificationand properties, coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagicdisordersanti-coagulants- blood groupsBloodvolumePlasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood.Biochemical tests and their significance in diseasediagnosis.

23 Circulation.Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle,heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms. Workand efficiency of hearteffect of ions on heartfunction-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous andchemical regulation of heart, effect of temperatureand stress on heart, blood pressue and hypertension,osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotorregulation of circulation, shock. Coronary andpulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrierCerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.

2.4 Respiration.Mechanism of respiration, Transportand exchange of gases-neural control of respiration-Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.

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126 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY [Parr ISac. I]2.5 Excretion.Structure and function of kidney-

formation of urine-methods of studying renalfunction-renal regulation of acid-base balance :physiological constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion inchicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for urinary dysfunction.

2.6 Endocrine glands.Functional disorderstheirsymptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones,mechanism and control of secretionhormonalreceptors-classification and function.

2.7 Growth and Animal Production.Prenatal andpostnatal growth, maturation, growth curves,measures of growth, factors affecting growth,conformation, body composition, meat quality.

2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction andDigestion.----Current status of hormonal control ofmammary development, milk secretion and milkejection. Male and Female reproductive organs, theircomponents and functions. Digestive organs andtheir functions.

2.9 Environmental Physiology.Physiological relationsand their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation,environmental factors and regulatory mechanismsinvolved in animal behaviour, climatologyvariousparameters and their importance. Animal ecology.Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on healthand production.

3. Animal Reproduction : Semen quality.Preservation and ArtificialInsemination Components of semen, compositionof spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties ofejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivoand in vitro. Factors affecting semen production andquality, preservation, composition of diluents, spermconcentration, transport of diluted semen. Deepfreezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine andpoultry. Detection of oestrus and time of inseminationfor better conception. Anoestrus and repeatbreeding.

4. livestock Production and Management :4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming.Comparison of dairy

farming in India with advanced countries. Dairyingunder mixed farming and as specialized farming,economic dairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm,Capital and land requirement, organization of thedairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factorsdetermining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heardrecording, budgeting cost of milk production, pricingpolicy; Personnel Management. Developing Practicaland Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply ofgreens throughout the year, feed and fodderrequirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes foryoung stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals;new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feedingrecords.

42 Commercial meat, egg and wool production.Development of practical and economic rations for

cure

ngx

sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply ogreens, fodder, feeding regimes for young and mastock. New trends in enhancing production anmanagement. Capital and land requirements ansocio-economic concept.

4.3 Feeding and management of animals under droughtflood and other natural calamities.5. Genetics and Animal Breeding :

5.1 History of animal genetics. Mitosis and MeiosisMendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendeliagenetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossinover; Sex determination, sex influenced and selimited characters; Blood groups and polymorphismChromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritanceGene and its structure; DNA as a genetic materialGenetic code and protein synthesis; RecombinanDNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations,methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate,Transgenesis.

5.2 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding---Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy WeinbergLaw; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypicfrequency; Forces changing gene frequency;Random drift and small populations; Theory of pathcoefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimatinginbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding;Effective population size; Breeding value, estimationof breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation;Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environmentcorrelation and genotype X environment interaction;role of multiple measurements; Resemblance betweenrelatives.

5.3 Breeding Systems.Breeds of livestsock andPoultry. 1 leritability, repeatability and genetic andphenotypic correlations, their methods of estimationand precision of estimates: Aids to selection andtheir relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family andwithin family selection; Pregnency testing; Methodsof selection; Construction of selection indices andtheir uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gainsthrough various selection methods; Indirectselection and correlated response; Inbreeding, outbreeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesisof breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercialproduction; Selection for general and specificcombining ability; Breeding for threshold characters.Sire index.

6. Extension :Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principlesof extension. Different Methods adopted to educatefarmers under rural conditions. Generation oftechnology, its transfer and feedback. Problems andconstraints in transfer of technology. Animalhusbandry programmes for rural development.

f

d

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IIPTIguSI / VFW rb7 ftwv : MATEITluT 27birdsstress, strain and productivity in relation toanimal habitation.

2. Animal Diseases :2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms,

post-moretem lesions, diagnosis,and control ofinfectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses,pigs and poultry.

2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis,treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse,pig and poultry.

2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions

like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion,dehydration, stroke, poisioning.

2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.2.6 Principles and methods of immunisation of animals

against specific diseaseshard immunitydiseasefree zones'zero' disease concept. chemoprophylaxis.

2.7 Anaesthesia.--local, regional and general-prcnestlictic medication. Symptoms and surgicalinterference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia,choking abomassal displacement--Caesarianoperations. Rumenotomy Castrations.

2.8 Disease investigation techniques.Materials forlaboratory investigation Establishment. AnimalI lcalth Centres--Disease free zone.

3. Veterinary Public Health :3.1 loonoses.-- -Classification, definition, role of animals

and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonoticdiseases--occupational zoonotic diseases.

3.2 Epidemiology.Principle, definition ofepidemiological terms, application of epidemiologicalmeasures in the study of diseases and disease control.Epidemiological features of air. water and food borneinfections. 011: regulation, WTO, sanitary andphytosanitary measures.

33 Veterinary Jurisprudence. Rules and Regulationsfor improvement of animal quality and prevention ofanimal diseasesState and Central Rules forprevention of animal and animal product bornediseases --- S. P. C.A.- Veterolegal cases--Certificates- Materials and Methods of collectionof samples for veterolegal investigation.

4. Milk and Milk Products Technology :4.1 Market Milk. Quality, testing and grading of raw

milk. Processing, packaging. storing, distribution.marketing defects and their control. Preparation ofthe following milks : Pasteurized. standardized, toned,double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted,recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation ofcultured milks, cultures and their management,yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of

PAPERIII. Anatomy, l'harmacology and Hygiene:

1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffinembedding technique of tissue processing and H.E.staining Freezing microtomyMicroscopy Brightfield microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-) structure of cell organel Is and inclusions; celldivision-cell typesTissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissuesComparativehistology of organsVascular, Nervous, digestive,respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenitalsystems Endocrine glandsIntegumentssenseorgans.

1 . 1 Embryology. Embryology of vertebrates withspecial reference to ayes and domestic mammalsgainctogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetalmembranes and placentation-types of placenta indomestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-endodermal,mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.

1.3 Bovine Anatomy.Regional Anatomy : Paranasalsinuses of OX-- surface anatomy of salivary glands.Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandi-buloalveolar, mental and cornnal nerve block.Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudentalnerve, median, ulnar and radial nervestibial, fibularand digital nerves Cranial nerves-structuresinvolved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymphnodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic,abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative-featuresof locomotor apparatus and their application in thebiomechanics of mammalian body.

1.4 Anatomy of Fowl. -Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration andflying, digestion and egg production.

1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs. - Cellularlevel of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugsacting on Autonomic nervous system. Modernconcepts of anaesthesia and dissociativeanaesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials andprinciples of chemotherapy in microbial infections.Use of hormones in therapeuticschemotherapy ofparasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns inthe Edible tissues of animals--chemotherapy ofNeoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to "insecticides,plants, metals, non-metals, zootox ins andmycotoxins".

1.6 Veterinary I lygiene with reference to water, air andhabitation. Assessment of pollution of water, airand soil Importance of climate in animal health--effect of environment on animal function andperformance relationship between industrialisationand animal agricultureanimal housing requirementsfor specific categories of domestic animals viz.pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler

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128 HE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY PART I Sac. i]flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards.Sanitation req uirement for clean and safe milk andfor the milk plant equipment.4.2 Milk Products T echnology.Selection of rawmaterials, processing, storing, distributing andmarketing milk pro ducts such as Cream, Butter, Ghee,Khoa, Charm, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, driedmilk and baby food, Ice cream and Kulfi; by- products,whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein.Testing, g rading, judging milk productsBIS andAgmark specifications, legal standards, qualitycontrol nutritive p roperties. Packaging p rocessingand operational control. Costing of dairy p roducts.

5 . Meat H ygiene and Technology :5.1 Meat H ygiene

5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals,stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoirrequirements and designs; Meat inspectionprocedures and judgement of carcass meat cutsgrading of carcass m eat cutsduties and functionsof V eterinarians in wholesome meat pr oduction.

5.12 Hygknic metbodsofhandling production of meat.Spoi lege of meat and contr ol measuresPost-slaughter physicochemical changes in meat andfactors that influence themQuality improvementmethods Adulteration of meat and detectionRegulatory pro visions in Meat trade and Industry.52 Meat Technology

52.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat.Meat emulsionsMethods of preservation ofmeatCuring, canning, irradiation, packa ging of meatand meat products, processing and formulations.

53 By-products.Slaughter house by-products andtheir utilisationEdible and inedible by productsSocial and economic implications ofproper utilisationof slaughter house by-products--Organ pr oductsfor food and pharmaceuticals.5A Poultry Products Technology.Chemicalcomposition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre-slaughter care and management. Slaughteringtechniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meatand products. Legal and BIS standards.

Structure composition and nutritive value of eggsMicrobial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance.Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.5 . 5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming.Rabbit meatproduction. Disposal and utilization of fur and w ooland recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool.

ANTHROPOLOGYPAPER-I

1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology.12 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences,behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, MedicalSciences, Earth Sciences and H umanities.

1.3 Main branches of Anthropology , their scope andrelevance.(a ) Social-cultural Anthrop ology.(b ) Biological Anthropology.(c ) Archaeological Anthropolog y.(d ) Linguistic Anthropolog y.

1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of M an :(a ) Biological and Cultural factors in humanevolution.(b ) Theories of Or ganic Evolution (Pre-D arwinian,Darwinian and Post-Darwinian).(c ) Synthetic theory o f evolution; B rief outline of

terms and concepts of evolutionary biology(Doll's rule, Cope's rule, Gause's rule,parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation,and mosaic evolution).

1.5 C haracteristics of Primates; Evolutionary T rend andPrimate Taxonomy ; Primate Adaptations; (Arborealand Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; PrimateBehaviour; Tertiary and Q uaternary fossil primates;Living M ajor Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Manand Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture andits implications.

1 . 6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics andgeographical distribution of the following :

(a ) Plio-preleistocene hom inids in South and EastAfricaAustralopithecines.

b) Hom o erectus : A frica Paranthropus), EuropefHo m o erectus heidelberzensis), Asia f H o m oerectus tavanicus. Hom o erectus pekinensis.(c ) Neanderthal manLa-chapelle-aux-saints

(Classical type), Mt. Carmel (Progressive type).(d) Rhodesian man.

e) H om o saoiens Cromagnon, Grimaldi andChancelede.1.7 The biological basis of Life : The Cell, DNA structure

and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation,Chromosomes, and Cell Division.

1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology.Chronology : Relative and Absolute Datingmethods.

(b) Cultural Evolution---Broad Outlines ofPrehistoric cultures :(i) Paleolithic

(ii) Mesolithic(iii) Neolithic(iv) Chalcolithic(v ) Copper-Bronze Age(vi) Iron Age

2 . 1 The Nature of Culture : The concept andCharacteristics of culture and civilization;Ethnocentr ism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism.

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7 1 1 2 31.1 1117ff WI TRW : 37FIThIlit7 292.2 The N ature of So ci ety : Concept of Society; Society

and Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; andSocial stratification.

23 Marriage : Definition and universality; Laws ofmarriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy,hypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage(monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage).Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations(preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriagepayments (bride wealth and dowry).

2.4 Family : Definition and universality;Family,household and domestic groups; functions of family;Types of family (from the perspectives of structure,blood relation, marriage, residence and succession);Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feministmovements on family.

2.5 Ki nshi p : Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles andtypes of descent (Unilineal, Double, BilateralAmbilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan,phratry, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology(descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiationand Complimentary Filiation;Decent and Alliance.

3. Economic Organization : Meaning, scope andrelevance of economic anthropology; Formalist andSubstantivist debate; Principles governingproduction, distribution and exchange (reciprocity,redistribution and market), in communities, subsistingon hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening,pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture;globalization and indigenous economic systems.

4. Polkical Organization and Social Control : Band,tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts ofpower, authority and legitimacy; social control, lawand justice in simple societies.5 . R el i gion : Anthropological approaches to the studyof religion (evolutionary, psychological andfunctional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred andprofane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribaland peasant societies (animism, animatism, fetishism,naturism and totemism); religion, magic and sciencedistinguished; magico-religious functionaries (priest,shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch).

6 . A n t h r o p o l o g ic a l t h e o r i e s :(a ) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and

Frazer)(b) Historical particularism (Boas) Diffusionism

(British, Getman and American)(c ) Functionalism (Mal inowski); Structural-

Functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown)(d ) St r u ct u r a l ism (L'evi-Strauss and E. Le a c h)(e ) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead,

Linton, Kardiner and Cora-du Bois)(f ) Neoevolutionism (Childe, White, Steward,

Sahlins and Service)

(g ) Cultural materialism (I larris)(h ) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner.

Schneider and Geertz)(i ) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)6) Post-modernism in anthropoloyg.

7. C u l t u r e , la n g u a g e a n d c o m m u n i c a t io n :Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbaland non-verbal communication; social contex oflanguage use.

8 R e s e a r c h m e t h o d s i n a n t h r o p o l o g y :(a ) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology(b ) Distinction between technique, method and

methodology(c ) Tools of data collection : observation, interview,

schedules, questionnaire, case study, genealogy,life-history, oral history, secondary sources ofinformation, participatory methods.

(d ) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application :

Methods for study of genetic principles in man-familystudy (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child,co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomaland karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods,immunological methods, D.N.A. technology andrecombinant technologies.

92 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, singlefactor, multifactor, lethal,. sub-lethal and polygenicinheritance in man.

9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection,Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causesand changes which bring down frequency-mutation,isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and ge-netic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguine-ous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consan-guineous and cousin marriages.

9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man,methodology.(a ) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).(b) Sex chromosomal aberration- Klinefelter (XXY),

Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex andother syndromic disorders.

(c ) Autosomal aberrations- Down syndrome, Patau,Edward and Cri-du-chat syndromes.

(d ) Genetic imprints in human disease, geneticscreening, genetic counseling, human DNAprofiling, gene mapping and genome study.

93 Race and racism, biological basis of morphologicalvariation of non-metric and characters. Racial criteria,racial traits in relation to heredity and environment;biological basis of racial classification, racialdifferentiation and race crossing in man.

96 Age,sex and po pulat ion var iat ion as genet ic ma rker :ABO, Rh blood groups, H LA Hp. transferring, Gm,

496 GI/12-17

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130 HE GAZETTE OF INDIA: EXTRAORDINARY fPritcrlSte,blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hblevel, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions andsensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-ecomomic groups.

9.7 Concepts and methods of EcologicalAnthropology :Bio-cultural AdaptationsGenetic and Non-geneticfactors. Man's physiological responses toenvironmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitudeclimate.

9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology : Health and disease.Infectious and non-infectious diseases, Nutritionaldeficiency related diseases.

10. Concept ofhuman growth and development : Stagesof growthpre-natal, natal, infant, childhood,adolescence, maturity, senescence.Factors affecting growth and development genetic,environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural andsocio-economic.Ageing and senescence. Theories andobservations Biological and chromlegical longevity. Humanphysique and somatotypes. Methodologies forgrowth studies.

11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and otherbioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns anddifferentials.

11.2 Demographic theories-biological, social and cultural.11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing

fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.12. Applications of Anthropology : Anthropology of

sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthroplogy indesigning of defence and other equipments, ForensicAnthroplogy, Methods and principles of personalidentification and reconstruction, Applied humangeneticsPaternity diagnosis, genetic counsellingand eugenics, DNA technology in diseases andmedicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics inreproductive biology.

PAPER-II1.1 Evolution of the IndiaCulbert and Civilizatioa-

Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic andNeolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (IndusCivilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and post-Harappan cultures. Contributions of the tribalcultures to Indian civilization.12 PalaeoAnthropological evidences from India withspecial reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin(Ramapithema, Sivapaheens and Narmada Man).

1.3. Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among thehunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasantcommunities including arts and crafts producingpommunities.

2. Demographic profile of IndinEthnic and linguisticelements in the Indian population and theirdistribution. Indian population factors influencingits structure and growth.

3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian socialsystemVamashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rina andRebirth.

3.2 Caste system in IndiaStructure and characteristicsVarna and caste, Theories of origin of caste system,Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of castesystem, lajmani system. Tribe-case continuum.

3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature-Man-Spirit Complex.3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism. Islam and Christianity

of Indian society.4. Emergence, growth and development in India

Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th Centuryscholar-administrators. Contributions of Indiananthropologists to tribal and caste studies.

5.1 Indian Village--Significane of village study in India;Indian village as a social system; Traditional andchanging patterns of settlement and inter-casterelations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impactof globalization on Indian villages.

5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social,political and economic status.

5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indian society: Sanskritization,Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little andgreat traditions; Panchayati Raj and social change;Media and Social change.

6.1 Tribal situation in IndiaRio-genetic variability,linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of thetribal populations and their distribution.

62 Problems of the tribal CommunitiesLandalienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, pooreducational facilities, unemployment, under-employment, health and nutrition.

63 Developmental projects and their impact on tribaldisplacement and problems of rehabilitation.Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact ofurbanisation and industrialization on tribalpopulations.

7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation ofScheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and OtherBackward Classes. Constitutional safeguards forScheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.

7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies :Impact of modern. democratic institutions,development programmes and welfare measures ontribals and weaker sections.

7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts andpolitical developments; Unrest among tribalcommunities; Regionalism and demand for

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47/71r a r I Iautonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change amongthe tribes during colonial and post-Independent India.

8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islamand other religions on tribal societies.

8.2 Tribe and nation statea comparative study of tribalcommunities in India and other countries.

9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies,plans, programmes of tribal development and theirimplementation. The concept of PTGs (PrimitiveTribal Groups), their distribution, special programmesfor their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribaldevelopment.

9. 2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.9.3 contributions of anthropology to the understanding

of regionalism, communalism and ethnic and politicalmovements.

B O T A N YPAPER-I

I Microbiology and Plant Pathology :Structure and reproduction/multiplication ofviruses,viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma;Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry,medicine and in control of soil and water pollution;Prion and Prion hypothesis.Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria,mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes ofinfection and dissemination; Molecular basis ofinfection and, disease resistance/defence;Physiology of parasitism and control measures.Fungal toxins. Modelling and disease forecasting;Plant quarantine.

2. Cryptogams :Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes-structure and reproduction from evolutionaryviewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India an