C4ISR and Information C4ISR and Information WarfareWarfare

Naval Weapons SystemsNaval Weapons Systems

Putting It All Together - Putting It All Together - CC44ISRISR

Command

Control

Communications

Computers

Intelligence

C4ISRSurveillance Reconnaissance

INTELLIGENCE!!!

Why We Need CWhy We Need C44ISRISR

Faster response times required.

Joint Operations require high levels of coordination.

More sophisticated weapons require more information.

Functions of CFunctions of C44II

• Creates a common tactical picture. Creates a common tactical picture. Ensures all information is available Ensures all information is available to operators & commanders.to operators & commanders.

• Ensures connectivity and Ensures connectivity and information exchange.information exchange.

• Sends information directly from Sends information directly from sensor to shooter.sensor to shooter.

• Supports and uses information Supports and uses information warfare (IW).warfare (IW).

CC44ISR Supports At All ISR Supports At All LevelsLevels

• WatchstandersWatchstanders• Composite Warfare Composite Warfare

CommanderCommander• Commander of the JTFCommander of the JTF• The Shore CommandersThe Shore Commanders• NCANCA

Command and Control Command and Control WarfareWarfareObjectives:

1. Defeat the enemy by destroying its C2W

systems.

2. Separate the enemy’s command structure

from its forces.

3. Protect one’s own C2W forces.

4. Connect commanders and forces.

Tools to Achieve C2W Tools to Achieve C2W ObjectivesObjectives

• Operational SecurityOperational Security• Military DeceptionMilitary Deception• Psychological Psychological

OperationsOperations• Electronic WarfareElectronic Warfare• Physical DestructionPhysical Destruction

C2W Decision Making C2W Decision Making CycleCycle

Observe

Orient

Decide

Act

(OODA loop)

IntelligenceIntelligence

““No such thing as Military No such thing as Military Intelligence”Intelligence”

IntelligenceIntelligence

Product of collecting, exploiting, processing, integrating, analyzing and interpretinginformation.

Types:1. Strategic Intelligence2. Operational Intelligence3. Tactical Intelligence

Function of IntelligenceFunction of Intelligence

• Prepare the Battle spacePrepare the Battle space– Define environment or physical Define environment or physical

characteristics.characteristics.– Evaluate the threat and the threat’s Evaluate the threat and the threat’s

course of action.course of action.

• Provide Early WarningProvide Early Warning• Evaluate the situation (current Evaluate the situation (current

actions & changes)actions & changes)

Function of Intelligence Function of Intelligence cont.cont.

• Identify and Target the Enemy’s Identify and Target the Enemy’s VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities

• Assess Battle Damage (own and Assess Battle Damage (own and enemy’s)enemy’s)

• Manage Intelligence InformationManage Intelligence Information• Prevent Enemy’s Intelligence Prevent Enemy’s Intelligence

Efforts (Offensive & Defensive)Efforts (Offensive & Defensive)

Information Warfare (IW)Information Warfare (IW)

IW is action taken to preserve the integrityof own information systems from exploitation, disruption, and destruction while achieving an information advantage over the enemy.

IW ToolsIW Tools• Surveillance SystemsSurveillance Systems

– SatellitesSatellites– Electronic Warfare and Signal Electronic Warfare and Signal

IntelligenceIntelligence– Human IntelligenceHuman Intelligence

• Communications SystemsCommunications Systems• Tactical NetworkTactical Network

– ComputersComputers– Database management Database management

QuestionsQuestions

Radio frequency useRadio frequency use

• LF (Low Freq)LF (Low Freq)• HF (High Freq)HF (High Freq)• VHF (Very High Freq)VHF (Very High Freq)• UHF (Ultra High Freq)UHF (Ultra High Freq)

• Real-Time COMMSReal-Time COMMS• Multiple uses of Information:Multiple uses of Information:

– VOICEVOICE– VIDEOVIDEO– DATADATA– SENSORSENSOR

• Simultaneously transmittedSimultaneously transmitted• SHF / EHFSHF / EHF

BandwidthBandwidth

Navy Tactical Data System Navy Tactical Data System (NTDS)(NTDS)

Link 11

Link 14

Link 4AEarly Warning Aircraft

InterceptorInterceptor

NTDS Ship

NTDS ShipNon-NTDS Ship

Link 11

Link 4A

Advanced Combat Advanced Combat Direction SystemDirection System

• Follow on to NTDSFollow on to NTDS• Incorporates various Incorporates various

communication circuits into communication circuits into one unified systemone unified system

Communications SecurityCommunications Security

Protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information and the possession of telecommunications data. Called CMS.

Crypto SecurityTransmission SecurityEmission SecurityPhysical Security

Elements:

Computer RequirementsComputer Requirements

• Sort, process, organize, correlate, and Sort, process, organize, correlate, and disseminate information in near real-disseminate information in near real-time.time.

• Blend critical tactical, operational and Blend critical tactical, operational and administrative data to meet tactical administrative data to meet tactical objectives.objectives.

• Present information in a multi-media Present information in a multi-media format to best suit the operator or format to best suit the operator or equipmentequipment– I.E. – The Captain / AdmiralI.E. – The Captain / Admiral

Computer RequirementsComputer Requirements

• Have standardized equipment to Have standardized equipment to reduce training and increase reduce training and increase proficiencyproficiency

• Have standardized hardware and Have standardized hardware and software design to allow upgrade software design to allow upgrade and additions to equipment.and additions to equipment.

MICROSOFT!!MICROSOFT!!

Inherent Problems With Inherent Problems With Automated SystemsAutomated Systems

1. Evaluation2. Orientation3. Cost4. Decision Making5. Discipline6. Survivability

Questions?Questions?