C05961552Approved for Release CIA HistoricalCollections Division AR 70-1410CT2013·

UNCLAS gn' I ~D

Balkan Crisis: Chronology of International Response,Significant Events

1 September 1995

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199128 March

25 June

5 July

7 July

13-17 July

18 July

29 July

The Presidents of Yugoslavia's sixrepublics open talks in Croatia on thecountry's future in an attempt to resolvethe crisis.

Slovenia and Croatia declare independence;Fighting breaks out almost immediatelyafter these declarations when the YugoslavFederal' Army moves to maintain controlover Slovene border stations.

With fighting continuing in Slovenia, theEC foreign ministers impose an armsembargo on the former Yugoslavia until thesituation normalizes.

The EC troika of foreign ministers travelsfor its third visit to Yugoslavia andarranges the Brioniaccords. All Yugoslavparties agree to start negotiations on thecountry's future by 1 August, to acceptEC monitors, to lift the blockades ofArmy facilities, to restrict the Army toits barracks, and to deactivate themilitias.

The EC sends 50 monitors to Yugoslaviato begin work in Slovenia.

The Yugoslav Federal Presidency orders th~

Yugoslav Army to withdraw from Sloveniawithin three months, marking de factorecognition of Slovenian independence andan end to the military conflict. YugoslavArmy focus begins to shift to the conflictin Croatia where armed conflict increased.

EC foreign ministers propose a newcease-Jire in Slovenia, more monitors, andjoint patrols by the Army and themilitias.

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4 August

27-28 August

Late Summer­Early Fall

1 September

7 September

18 September

25 September

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The Serbs and the Yugoslav Army rejectthe efforts of another EC troika visittrying to mediate a ceasa-fLre . expandmonitors to Croatia, and startnegotiations among the Yugoslavs on apolitical settlement.

French President Mitterrand hostsconsecutive visits from Croatian PresidentTudjman and Serbian President Milosevic inan effort to bring the two sides together.

Serbian President Milosevic steps upfinancial and armed support to Serbs inthe Krajina and Slavonian regions ofCroatia. Serb irregulars supported by theYugoslav Army wrest most of the Serb­majority areas from Croatian control.

Dutch Foreign Minister van den Broek, onbehalf of the EC, travels to Belgrade.An agreement is reached on a new cease-fire, an exparision of the monitors (200men, contributions from non-EC countries,and operation in Croatia), and aconference to be held in The Hague.

An EC conference on peace negotiationsopens in The Hague under the chairmanshipof Lord Carrington:

Macedbnia declare~ independence

The UN Security Council imposes an arms

• On 4 October at the Hague, the EC reaches an agreementwith Serbian President Milosevic and Croatian PresidentTudjman to negotiate a complete settlement for Yugoslavia.It states that at the end o£ the negotiations there will berecognition for those republics that desire independence,there will be a loose association of the Yugoslav states,minority rights will be protected, there will be nounilateral changes in borders, the Croatians will lift theirblockades of the Army barracks, and the Army will withdrawfrom Croatia. With Serbia stalling on the 4 Octoberagreement, EC foreign ministers on 6 October threaten toimpose economic sanctions if there is not compliance bymidnight on 7 October. They say that they will resumecooperative relations with those republics that are workingfor peace, and that, they will seek a trade embargo throughthe'UN for those that are not.

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embargo on the former Yugoslavia(Resolution 713) ;

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1 October

3 October

14 October

18 October

8 November

25 November

2 December

The EC agrees to expand the monitors intoBosnia-Hercegovina:

Serbia and Montenegro seize control ofYugoslavia's Federal Presidency.

The EC, meeting at' The Hague with UNofficials, agrees to extend the length ofthe monitor mission in former Yugoslaviaindefinitely.

At The Hague, the EC offers a detailedplan for a political settlement based on aloose association of states: voluntaryparticipation, protection for minorities, .limited cornmon institutions (a court forhuman rights, an. economic council tomanage a customs union, and a non-bindingcouncil for political and securitycooperation). Only Serbia does not acceptthe plan by a deadline of 5 November,despite revisions offered in subsequentnegotiations.

The EC imposes sanctions against allYugoslav states but says it will rescindthem for republics that cooperate with thepeace p rocess .

Yugoslav and Croatian Army leaders agreeto a comprehensive cease-fire as a pre­r~quisite for a deployment of UN peace­keeping forces to Croatia."

The EC ends economic sanctions against allYugoslav republics except Serbia andMontenegro .

• This follows UN Secretary General Perez de Cuellar'sannouncement on 15 November that he will send Envoys Vanceand Gouiding to Yugostavia to explore the feasibility of aUN peacekeeping operation. On 15 December, UN resolution724 sends an advance party to Yugoslavia to explorepeacekeeping .. The Vance Plan for deployment of UN forces ona peacekeeping mission in Croatia evolves out of this factfinding mission. .

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16 December

23 December

24 December

31 December

19922 January

9 January

10 January

15 January

13 February

21 February

27 February­1 March

7 March

9 March

UNCLASSIFIED

The EC Council of Ministers agrees torecognize within a month any republic thatmeets EC criteria--protect human rights,supportEC and UN peace efforts, abide by ,CSCE standards, accept financialobligations--in talks that had resumedon 8 December.

Germany recognizes Slovenia and Croatia.

Macedonia, Slovenia, -Croatia, and Bosnia­Hercegovina apply to the EC forrecognition as sovereign states. /

UN Envoy Vance arrives in Belgrade on apeace-keeping mission as fierce fightingcontinues in Croatia.

Croatian and Serbian military commandersand political leaders agree to a UN planto deploy peace-keeping forces. (vancePlan)

The EC reconvenes the peace conference inBrussels.

The EC lifts sanctions against Montenegro.

EC member ~tates and 15 other countries,including the US, recognize Croatia andSlovenia as independent states.

An EC-sponsored "mini-conference" onBosnia begins in Lisbon.

The UN passes resolution 743 establishinga peacekeeping force in Croatia.

Bosnia holds a referendum on independencefrom Yugoslavia. Bosnian Serbs reactviolently to the vote in favor ofindependence. President Izetbegovictries to make concessions to the Serbsby including them in his government.

An advance team of UN peacekeepers arrivesin Yugoslavia.

The EC peace conference reconvenes inBrussels.

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10 March

18 March

6 April

27 April

24 May

27 May

30 May

31 May

4 June

U!\JCLAS3IPIED

The US and the EC agree to coordinate onrecognition of former Yugoslav states.

During EC sponsored talks in Sarajevo,Serb, Croat, and Muslim leaders agree ona framework,for establishing ethniccantons (the Cutilheiro plan). The planstates that there will be no change inexternal borders, three cantonsbased largely on ethnic criteria will becreated, and a weak central governmentwill handle economic, foreign, and defenseaffairs. All other functions--includingadministration, social security, culture,environment, housing, transport, andeducation--will be controlled by thecantonal governments.

The EC agrees to recognize Bosnia­Hercegovina; it delays a decision onMacedonia. ,The Serbs move almostimmediately to partition the repubiic.

Serbia and Montenegro proclaim a newFederal Republic of YugoSlavia and declareit the successor state to Yugoslavia.

Unofficial presidential and parliamentary'elettions in Kosovo result in a lartdSlidevictory for the ethnic Albanian party andits leader Ibrahim Rugova. '

The EC adjourns the Lisbon conference onBosnia after the Muslims walk out. (Thecontinuing siege of Sarajevo and Serbianmilitary gains prompts Izetbegovic toabandon the Cutilheiro plan.) The ECalso r e i mposes economic sanctions onSerbia-Montenegro, including stopping alltrade, freezing export credits andscientific cooperation, and seeking an oilembargo in the UN.

The UN passes resolution 757, imposingeconomic sanctions on Serbia andMontenegro.

Milosevic's Socialist Party wins local andfederal assembly elections in lithe FederalRepublic of Yugoslavia." (FRY)

A NATO ministerial in Oslo decides to go

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15 June

27 June.

28 June

1 ·July

UNCLASSIFIED

beyond NATO's traditional defensive roleand to offer troops and equipment forpeacekeeping operations outside the areaof its members.

Dobrica Cosic is elected President of theSerbian-Montenegrin federal state (formerYugoslavia) .

An EC summit accepts military operationsunder the UN to keep Sarajevo airport openif necessary, agrees to recognizeMacedonia only if it changes its name,supports suspension of "Yugoslavia" fromthe CSCE, and agrees to send observers toKosovo.

Mitterrand makes a quick trip to observethe situation at the Sarajevo airportin preparation for a possible emergencyairlift.

Milan Panic becomes Prime Minister of thefederal Yugoslavia.

)2 July

2 August

13 August

14 August

26 August

26-28 August

Planes from EC countries join the airliftto the reopened Sarajevo airport.

Croatian President Tudjmanwins reelectionand his Croatian Democratic Union retainsa majority in parliament.

The UN passes resolutions 770, whichauthorizes "all necessary measures"tofacilitate delivery of relief supplies,and 771, which demands access todetention camps.

The CSCE decides to send "missions of longduration" to·the former Yugoslav'republics to monitor human rights.

Former Communist Branko Crvenkovskitentatively forms Macedonian government.

The EC/UN conference in London on formerYugoslavia--which included representativesof the Serbian, Croatian, and ~osnian

parties--reaches agreement to dismantledetention camps, lift sieges of majorcities and allow UN supervision of heavyweapons, start continuous negotiations on

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3 September

29 September

UNCLASSIPIED

terms for a political settlement. It alsosupports "substantial" withdrawal byBosnian Serbs, international monitors ofsanctions and human rights, a tribunal toinvestigate human rights violations, moreUN escorts for aid convoys, talks onautonomy for Kosovo, permission forrefugees to return, FRY recognition ofBosnia, more humanitarian aid, and liftingof sanctions and reconstruction aid to·reward compliance. This conference setsup subsequent talks in Geneva to discussthe crisis and minority rights.

The Steering Committee of theInternational Conference on FormerYugoslavia holds its first meeting inGeneva with envoys Vance and Owen chairingthe meeting.

CSCE countries offer to provide personnelfor sanctions assistance missions toBalkan states neighboring the formerYugoslavia.

)30 September

6 October

7 October

8 October

9 October

14 October

27 October

At urging of international mediators Vanceand Owen, Croatia and the FRY agree torecognize existing international borders,allow refugees to return, and demilitarizethe Prevlaka Peninsula.

The UN Security Council (UNSC) adoptsresolution 780, which establishes acommission of experts to examine evidenceof war crimes in former Yugoslavia.

The EC announces the availability of $160million in aid for refugees; brings totalaid to almost $400 million.

NATO announces it will send 100 personnelto the UN headquarters in Bosnia.

UNSC adopts resolution 781, whichestablishes a no-fly zone over Bosnia.

NATO agrees to provide AWACS data to helpto enforce the no-fly zone.

Van~e and Owen propose draft constitutionas part of the Vance Owen Plan forBosnia, which is to be organized into

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3 November

16 November

22 November

11 December

12 December

16 December

20 December

29 December

19932 January 1993

UNCLASSIFIED

a decentralized federation of tenautonomous provinces.

FRY Prime Minister Panic narrowly survivesa confidence vote in the upper house ofthe federal assembly.

The UNSC adopts resolution 787,which provides for naval interdictionof ships trying to evade sanctionsagainst Yugoslavia, tightens sanctions,and calls for a study of safe havens.

NATO and WEU naval forces begin patrollingthe Adriatic to enforce sanctions.

UN Security Council resolution 795approves sending 760 observers toMacedonia.

An EC summit in Edinburgh threatensfurther economic sanctions ("totalisolation") and agrees to an aid packagefor Macedonia.

A ministerial in Geneva regroups all ofthe participants in the August Londonconference (except former Yugoslav states)to review the situation in Bosnia.No decisions are reached.

FRY holds republic and federale~ections. Milosevic defeats MilanPanic for the Serbian Presidency.Milosevic's Socialist Serbian Radicalsdominate parliamentary elections.

FRY Prime Minister Panic loses a voteof confidence in the national assembly.. .

Vance and Owen present a new plan for 10provinces that would carry out mostgovernmental functions in Bosnia. .Theboundaries are largely determined byethnicity, but geographical, historical,and economic factors are taken intoaccount. They also propose a frameworkfor the constitutlon and militaryarrangements, including a cease-fire.Bosnian Croats immediately accept thewhole plan, Bosnian Serbs accept the

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14 January

30 January

10· February

22 February

27 February

5 March

8 March

25 March

28-30 March

30 March

31 March

5 April

UNCLASSIPIED

constitutional principles and the militaryacc;:ord, the Bosnian Government acceptsonly the constitution.

NATO offers its command-and-controlstructure for enforcing the no-fly zoneover Bosnia.

UN/EC-mediated Bosnian peace talks breakdown in Geneva.

Reginald Bartholomew receives appointmentas us Special Envoy for the formerYugoslavia.

The UNSC adopts resolution 808 initiatingthe formation of an international warcrimes tribunal.

Bosnian peace talks reopen in New York.

The US begins the airdrop of humanitarianaid over eastern Bosnia.

EC foreign ministers agree to implementstronger sanctions if the FRY fails to~tish the Bosnian Serbs to accept theVance":Owen plan.

Bosnian President rzetbegovic signs theVance-Owen plan, isolating the Serbs asthe only warring party not to sign it.

German and then French aircraft join theUS-led program of airdrops forhumanitarian relief over eastern Bosnia.

UNSC resolution 815 extends the mandate ofUNPROFOR in Croatia for three months.

UNSC resolution 816 authorizes theenforcement of the no-fly zone overBosnia. ,

WEU offers to help enforce sanctionsby patrolling the Danube.

7 April

12 April

UNSC resolution 817 accepts the "FormerYugoslav Republic of Macedonia"as aUN member.

NATO begins flying to enforce the

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17 April

29 April

1-2 May

6 May

6 May

6 May

7 May

10 May

UNCLASSIFIED

no-fly zone over Bosnia.

UNSC resolution 820 imposes stiffersanctions on Serbia-Montenegro. 'It endstransshipments except for humanitarianneeds, bans passage of "Yugoslav" vessels,trains, aircraft, and trucks tnroughterritory of UN members. It alsoauthorizes impounding violators, freezesfunds of Yugoslav entities, prohibitsprovision of services with. some exceptions(such a,s post, telecommunications, and (legal), forbids shipping through Yugoslavwaters, and calls for control of shippingon the Danube.

Envoys Vance and Owen convene talksbetween the Bosnian parties and theleaders of the other former Yugoslavrepublics in Athens.

The UN, the EC, Bosnian factionalleaders, Serbian President Milosevic,Federal President Cosic, and CroatianPresident Tudjman meet in Athens. Inreturn for concessions .on access corridorsbetween the provinces, Bosnian Serb leaderKaradzic accepts the Vance-Owen Plan (thelast' factional leader to do so),conditional upon ratification by theBosnian Serb assembly.

The Bosnian Serb assembly overwhelmingly(51-2 with 12 abstentions) rejects theVance-Owen Plan.

Secretary Christopher meets with the ECtroika in Brus s e l.s . All agree on theimportance of unity and that no optionsare excluded.

UNSC resol~tion 824 declares Sarajevo andfive other Muslim enclaves in Bosnia "safeareas" under UN protection'.

NATO authorizes planning for a peace­keeping force in Bosnia. Believes60,000 troops would be needed.

EC foreign ministers, meeting in Brussels,summarize their ~osition: the Vance-Owenplan is the political goal, the EC will

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15-16 May

19 May

22 May

25 May

2 June

4 June

8 June

UNCLASSIFIED

provide personnel to hold Milosevic to hispromise to stop aid to Bosnian Serbs, theUS and Russia should prov{de troops toprotect the ·safe areas," no options areexcluded but any' action wili have to beunder UN auspices, and they expressconcern about Croatia continuing violencein Bosnia.

A Bosnian Serb referendum confirms theBosnian Serb Assembly rejection of theVance-Owen Plan, despite support for itfrom Serbian President Milosevic.

WEU ministerial in Rome backs UN and ECefforts in the Balkans and agrees tostudy how it might assist, with focus onsanctions monitoring on the Danube.

The US, Russia, France, the UK, and Spain,meeting in Washington, agree to a JointAction Plan: continue humanitarian aid,rigorously enforce sanctions and no-flyzone, US is to protect UNPROFOR with ai~

strikes if it is attacked and requestshelp, offer to place monitors on Bosnia'sborder with Serbia, move quickly to setup war crimes tribunal, view Vance":'Owen'proceSs as a foundation fbr a politicalsettlement, codperate to preventspillover, and not exclude tbughermeasures. '

UNSC resolution 827 establishes aninternational tribunal to prosecute thoseresponsible for war crimes in the formerYugoslavia.

WEU-organized ships and personnel beginarriving in Romania to help enforcesanctions. ,Later expanded to Bulgariaand Hungary'.

UNSC resolution 836 authorizes troopsfor the safe areas in Bosnia and permitsthem to use force, including air power,to defend themselves.

EC foreign ministers, meeting inLuxembourg welcome the Joint Action Planand reaffirm their position stated in May.They urge others to contribute troops to

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9 June

10 June

16-17 June

18 June

18 June

19 June

19-20 June

21-22 June

21 June

UNCLASSIPIED

protect the safe areas.

WEU personnel and boats begin patrollingthe Danube to enforce sanctions.

NAC meeting in Athens agrees to offer itsair power to protect UNPROFOR, ifattacked. US announces willingness tosend a small force to Macedonia.

Croatian President Tudjman, SerbianPresident Milosevic, and Bosnian PresidentIzetbegovic meet in Geneva with UN andECenvoys Stoltenberg and Owen to discussreworking the Vance-Owen Plan into anethnic partition of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Bosnian President Izetbegovic walks out ofthe Geneva talks after objecting toproposals presented to partition Bosnia­Herzegovina.

UN Security Council resolution 842authorizes the US to send troops toMacedonia. Resolution 844 authorizesreinforcement of U~PROFOR to providearmed protection of the "safe areas"·with air power.

Serbian President Milosevic presents his .plan to partition Bosnia into ·three ethnicrepublics at negotiations in Geneva.

The Krajina Serbs overwhelmingly vote l.nfavor of unification with other Serbstates in a referendum.

EC summit in Copenhagen reaffirms itspreference for keeping Bosnia intact,unwillingness to recognize changes inborders made by force, and desire toprosecute war criminals. It also callsfor more humanitarian aid and .implementation of the UN "safe areas."German Chancellor Kohl urges lifting thearms embargo, but the others are notinterested.

The Geneva negotiations are postponed toallow Bosnian President Izetbegovic toreturn 'to Bosnia-Herzegovina to consult

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22 June

23 June

24 June

UNCLASSIFIED

with his government on Milosevic'sproposal.

Croatian Serb leader Hadzic announces thatthe Krajina referendum was only a test ofwill and that the Krajina Serbs do notplan to unify rapidly with the BosnianSerbs.

Geneva talks reopen with. Bosnian Croatmember of the Bosnian Presidency FranjoBoras heading the government delegation.

The first round of talks in two monthsbetween Croatian government and CroatianSerb officials opens in Geneva but endsafter one day.

Frenchman·Lt. General Jean Cot replacesSweden's Wahlgren as commander of UNforces in the former Yugoslavia.

25 June

28 June

29 June

30 June

2 July

6-8 July

The Bosnian Presidency meets in Zagreb todiscuss the latest proposal tabled inGeneva outlining a confederal arrangementof nearly autonomous states.

The "Yugoslav" parliament elects ZOrah·Lilic--aMilosevic crony;...-to replaceousted federal president Cosic.

A joint Serb-Croat proposal for aconfederal settlement is put forward inGeneva. The Bosnian Presidency sends adelegation to the talks althoughIzetbegovic does not attend.

The Bosnian Presidency meets in a closedsession in Sarajevo to discuss the variousproposals tabled in Geneva on ethnicdivision of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

The UN Security Council adopts aresolution extending UNPROFOR's mandate "inCroatia for three months.

.Belgrade terminates CSCE long durationmissions to Kosovo, Sandzak, andVojvodina .:

Talks between Croatian Government andCroatian Serb officials on the Krajina

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10 July

15 July

28 July

30 July

2 August

3 August

8 August

UNCLASSIFIED

reopen in qeneva but end without anagreement.

A Bosnian Presidency delegation meetingwith international mediators Owen andStoltenberg presents a counterproposal toCroat and Serb plans to divide Bosnia­Herzegovina based on a federalarrangement.

EC Commission announces an additional $75million in humanitarian aid for the formerYugoslavia. This brings total EC aid overtwo years to about $925 million, or over2/3 of the total from the internationalcommunity (US share about $165 million) .

Peace talks reopen in Geneva afterPresident Izetbegovic's boycott of thenegotiations over the ongoing Serb siegeof Sarajevo. The Muslims discuss aconfederal settlement at this round,abandoning their federal plan.

The Bosnian Government rejects the "union"peace plan proposed by Owen andStoltenberg that was a combination of theVance-Owen and Serbian plans for atripartit~ confederation.

NAC meeting in Brussels agrees to study USproposal to use NATO air power to lift thesiege of Sarajevo and other cities.

With President Izetbegovic againboycotting the talks because of a thecontinuing Serb siege of Sarajevo, theCroat members of the Bosnian Presidencywithdraw from the Presidency's delegationto join the Croatian delegation to protestBosnian government operations againstCroats in central Bosnia.

Bosnian Serb Army commander General Mladicreaches a partial agreement with the UN ona phased withdrawal from Serb positions onmountains around Sarajevo. .

9 August Follow-up NAC in Brussels .approvesoperational plans for airs trikes in Bosniaand agrees UN Secretary General will haveto authorize the first strike.

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16 August

18 August

20 August

27 August

28 August

31 August

1 September

7 September

9 September

Ul~CLASSIF'IED

The warring parties--meeting again inGeneva--agree "in principle" to turnSarajevo into a demilitarized, UN­administered city for an interim periodafter a settlement is reached.

UN officials announce that NATO is readyto carry out airs trikes to supportUNPROFOR in Bosnia if the SecretaryGeneral asks for them.

After presenting a draft settlementpackage including a proposed map for aconfederal partition of Bosnia­Herzegovina, international mediators Owenand Stoltenberg adjourn the Geneva talksfor 10 days. Owen asks the EC toadminister Mostar for 2 years as part of apeace settlement.

President Izetbegovic tells the BosnianGovernment Assembly that the UN/EC peaceproposal is unacceptable; the Assemblydecides to reject it and push for moreterritory.

The Bosnian Serb Assembly unponditionallyaccepts the proposed peace accord. TheBosnian Croat Assembly endorses the planbut stipulates the Croats will have to begiven more territory. The Bosnian CroatAssembly also declares a Bosnian Croatrepublic.

Negotiations reopen for two days inGeneva. Once again, Izetbegovic walks outover territorial issues.

President Izetbegovic begins bilateralconsultations with Bosnian Serb leaderKaradzic and Bosnian Croat leader Boban onterritorial adjustments.

WEU council authorizes planning forassistance in the administration ofMostar.

Croatian forces capture three Serb­controlled villages in the Krajina,sparking intense fighting.

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10 September

12 September

13 September

14 September

15 September

15 September

16 September

20 September,

UNCLASSIFIED

Bosnian Serb soldiers protesting warprofiteering begin a mutiny in Banja Luka.

Informal meeting of EC foreign ministersaccepts idea of administering Mostar. ECwill ask WEU to provide police.

Peace talks resume in Geneva.

Presidents Tudjman and Izetbegovic meet inGeneva in an effort to rebuild trustbetween the Croats and the Muslims.

Croatian Government and Croatian Serbleaders sign a cease-fire agreement. UNforces are deployed to implement it.

NAC meeting in Brussels authorizesplanning to participate in implementationof a peace plan in Bosnia.

Bosnian Serb leader Karadzlc andprotesting soldiers negotiate an end tothe Banja Luka mutiny.

Presidents Milosevic, Tudjman, andIzetbegovic meet with mediators Owenand St6ltenbetg on the British aircraftcarrier HMS Invincible iri the Adriatic.Thernvincible Plan becomes the basicEC goal for the negotiations. Under theplan~ 49% of Bosnia ~oes to the Serbs,33% to the Muslims, and 17.5% to theCroats, with a figurehead centralgovernment. .TheMuslims to get accessto the Adriat1c via a port on the NeretvaRiver and the right to use Ploce and Neum;also access to the Sava River. A3-kilometer corridor will connect the·Muslim enclaves in eastern Bosnia.Sarajevo will not be divided and will beadministered by the UN for two years;there will be a similar arrangement underthe EC in Mostar.

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23 September Croatian Foreign Minister Granic tellsCroatian Assembly members that Zagreb hasinitiated discussions with the Bosniangovernment to unite Croat and Muslim areasof Bosnia and to provide for the unifiedterritory's subsequent confederation withCroatia. . ..

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. 27 September

28 September

29 September

.1 October

2 October

40ctobet.

6'October

10 October

16 October

The Bihac citizens' assembly declaresindependence for the Muslim enclave under

, a proposal put forth by Bosnian 'Presidencymember Abdic.

Bosnian Muslim political, intellectual,and religious leaders--meeting inSarajevo--recommend that acceptance of thelatest peace .proposal be conditioned onthe return of territory seized by force.The Bosnian Cabinet accepts the planunconditionally but calls for UN/NATOenforcement.

The Bosnian Assembly follows therecommendation of the Muslim leaders'"assembly" and votes to accept the latestpeace proposal with the condition thatterritory seized by force be returned tothe BDsnian government.

r

The Bosnian Croat Assembly votes towithdraw territorial concessions made tothe Bosnian Muslims.

The Bosnian Serb Assembly votes towithdraw territorial concessions made tothe Bosnian Muslims.

UN Security Counciltesolution 871 extendsUNPROFOR'smandate in Croatia for sixmonths. The resolution makes a vague linkbetween Serb behavior in Croatia and anydecisi6n to lift sanctions against Serbia.

NAt meeting in Brussels authorizesplanning to extend NATO air cover toUNPROFOR units in Croatia.

The Krajina Serb assembly votes to holdlegislative and presidential elections on21 November. The assembly subsequentlypostpones the elections to 12 December. Asecond round for presidential race will beheld on 19 December if necessary.

President Tudjman is reelected head ofCroatian Democratic Union (HDZ) at rulingparty's congress.

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20 October

22 October

25 October

29 October

3 November

UNCLASSIFIED

President Milosevic dissolves the SerbianAssembly after apparently concluding thatthe no-confidence motion.pgainst thegovernment proposed by the Serbian RadicalParty was likely to pass. A newlegislative election was scheduled for 19De'cember.

The Bosnian Presidency elects Muslim NijazDurakovic and Croats Stjepan Kljujic andrvo Komsic to fill vacancies created bythe withdrawal of Croat members lastsummer and the dismissal of Bihacstrongman Fikret Abdic.

Abdic concludes peace agreement withBosnian Serb leader Karadzic in Belgrade.President Milosevic and the Serbsrec.ognize Abdic's "Autonomous Province ofWestern Bosnia" on the basis of the Genev~

plan .. A day earlier in Zagreb, Abdic andBosnian Croat leader Boban signed anagreement for an end to confrontation inBosnia and subordinating local Croatmilitary forces in the Cazinska Krajin.atoAbdic.

A Danish driver is killed and 9 other UNpersonnel are wounded during an attackon a relief convoy in Bosnia. The UNsuspends convoys to some parts of Bosnia.

Bosnian Presidency names Foreign MinisterHaris Silajdzic as new Prime Minister.Muslims dominate new cabinet formed on 31October; only four of 21 posts go to Serbsand Croats.

At a special EC summit in Brussels,Community leaders appeal for a return tonegotiations, promise more aid,and callfor the establislunentof corridors forrelief convoys and reinforcement ofUNPROFOR. The leaders do not adopt aFrench proposal to use force to open aidcorridors or Owen's plan for a "global"negotiation that would put all issues onthe table.

Krajina Serbs pullout of "secret"negotiations with Croatian Government inNorway following announcement of Croatian

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2 November

7 November

UNCLASSIFIED

President Tudjman's peace initiative,which calls for. restoration of Croatiansovreignty over the Krajina.

Bosnian Government names EnverHadzihasanovic as new Army Chief of Staff,replacing Sefer Halilovic. Two otherBosnian Army corps commanders also arereplaced.

Macedonian authorities arrest eight ethnicAlbanians, including an assistant defenseminister, for allegedly attempting toorganize a separatist paramilitary group.Four more Albanians subsequently arearrested, but one dies in custody. Thesuspects' trial is expected to begin on 1December. Macedonian ultranationalists,meanwhile, criticize Skopje's handling ofthe issue, but fail to unseat thegovernment in a no-confidence vote on 15November.

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10 November

·12 November

22 November

Bosnian Croat leader Boban names JadrankoPrlic as Prime Minister of "Herceg-Bosn~."

The Bosnian Croat Assembly approves a newgovernment on 19 November, but Prlic iscriticized for including ministers who arenot members of Bosnia's HDZ.

Boban replaces .Slobodan Praljak withGeneral Ante Roso, a former Croatianspecial forces commander, as the commanderof the Bosnian Croat military forces.Several other Bosnian Croat commandersalso subsequently are replaced.

European Union (formerly. the EuropeanCommunity) foreign ministers agree tosupport a Franco-German proposal to offergradual suspension of the sanctionsagainst Serbia/Montenegro if the BosniaSerbs make territorial concessions to theMuslims, a peace plan is implemented andBelgrade cooperates with a "modus vivendi"in the Krajina. Final lifting of allsanctions would depend upon a globalsettlement. The ministers willmeet in Geneva with leaders. of the variousYugoslav factions on 29 November in aneffort to relaunch the peace process.

19'

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29 November

30 November

30 November

UNCLASSIFIED(

EU foreign ministers present the Franco­German proposal to the leaders of thevarious Bosnian factions as well asCroatian President Tudjman and Serbian

. President Milosevic. The warring partiestable tough positions leading intocontinued negotiations.

Croatian President Tudjman and SerbianPresident Milosevic leave Geneva while theBosnian warring parties continuenegotiations mediated by Owen andStoltenberg. The Bosnian governmentpresents a map outlining its demand forcontrol of one-third of the territory ofBosnia-Herzegovina that Bosnian Serbleader Karadzic calls "overexaggerated.",

UN war crimes tribunal announces it willbegin trials in April 1994.

1 December

2 December

4 December

4 December

12 December.

UNPROFOR Commander Cot says that the UNcannot. put up indefinitely withdisruptions of the relief convoys andthreatens to reconsider the humanitarianeffort in the spring. Spanish officialshave made similar public comments. .

Talks end in Geneva without an agreement,following discussions on the government'smap and a Serb proposal to divide Sarajevointo "twin cities" in which the Muslimswould re~ain the qentralcity with theSerbs controllihg the southern and Westernsuburbs. The faction leaders agree toreconvene ~t an urispecifieddate.

The leadership of the ethnic AlbanianParty for Democratic Prosperity, includingparty Chairman Nevzat Halili, resigns inthe wake of the plot uncovered last monthto establish an ethnic. Albanian .paramilitary force in Macedonia.

A Spanish soldier is killed in Bosnia,bringing the total number of peacekeeperskilled to 65.

"Republic bf Serb Krajina" parliamentaryand presidential elections are held. Kninmayor Milan Babic falls just short of themajority necessary to avoid a second round

20'

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C05961552

),

16 December

19 December

19 December

20-21 December

22 December

26 December

UNCLASSIFIED

of presidential elections. The secondround of el~ctions is subsequentlyscheduled for 23 January.

The UK, Germany, Italy, France, theNetherlands, and Denmark announce they areopening diplomatic relations with "theFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia."

Serbian parliamentary elections are held.Serbian President Milosevic's SocialistParty wins 123 seats, DEPOS 45, theSerbi~n Radical Party 39, the DemocraticParty 29, the Democratic Party of Serbia7, an ethnic Hungarian party 5, and acoalition of two ethnic Albanian parties2.

French Defense Minister Leotard says thatFrance will reassess its participation inUNPROFOR in the spring of 1994 if nosettlement is reached by that time. TheUK, Spain, Canada, and Belgium havesimilar positions.

Bilateral meetings between the warringparties, Serbian President Milosevic, andCroatian President Tudjman are held lnGeneva pri.o r to broader meetings inBruss~is ~ithEUfoieignministers.

The Foreigb Ministers of the EU meet withthe Serb, Croat, and Muslim leaders ofBosnia and urge them to accept theInvincible Plan. The meeting does notresult in an agreement but the partieswill reconvene in Geneva on 18 January.

Balloting is repeated in a few districtsin Serbia because of irregularities in the19 December elections. The results do notchange the outcome of the vote.

19944 January French Foreign Minister Juppe calls on

NATO to take firmer action in Bosnia.Paris wants the NATO Summit to opensupply routes for humanitarian aid,endorse the ,Invincible Plan, and renewits commitment to help enforce apeace settlement.

211

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)

' .... -~~

5 January

4-5 January

9-10 January

11 January

12 January

18-19 January

Ol\lCLAS3IF'IED

British General Rose named'to command UN,forces in Bosnia. His predecessor,Belgian General Briquemont, had asked tobe relieved'because the UN was notproviding sufficient resources for him tocarry out his mission.

Bosnian Prime Minister Silajdzic andCroatian Foreign Minister Granic 'fail toreach agreement on territorial issuesafter two days of meetings in Vienna.

Croatian President Tudjman and BosnianPresident Izetbegovic meet in Bonn withTudjman claiming initial success on apossible cease-fire in central Bosnia.Izetbegovic denied the claims, calling themeetings a failure.

NATO summit in Brussels states that theremust be a political settlement acceptableto all sides rather than continuedattempts at military victory, commendsEU/UN peace efforts, promises to helpimplement a peace agreement, and reaffirmswillingness to use airs trikes to protectthe UN safe areas and make it possible forrelief workers to do their jobs.France and the UK call for airs trikes ifthe Bosnian Serbs hinder UN operations atSrebrenica and Tuzla. Bosnian Serb leaderKaradzicreacts :to .the threat of s'trikesby .aayi'nq 'he would reconsider 'allccnce'ssi.ons to the Bosnian Govermerttif NATO uses acirstr:ikes.

Boutros-Ghali orders the rotation of UNtroops in Srebrenica and the opening ofthe airport at Tuzla and gives Akashiauthority to approve close air supportif troops performing those missions areattacked.

Croatian President Tudjman announces thatBosnian Croat leader Boban will no longerattend peace 'negotiations.

Bosnian Government and Bosnian Serbnegotiators at ED-sponsored peace talks inGeneva fail to reach a settlement, with

each side accusing the other ofintransigence~ Bosnian Serb leader

22

m~CLA88IF'IED

C05961552

19 January

21 January

23 January

26 January

6 February

7 February

mlCLASSIFIED

Karadzic vowed not to make any moreconcessions prior to the talks and theBosnian Government similarly rejected theterms presented in Geneva as unacceptable.

Croatian Foreign Minister Granic andFederal Republic of Yugoslavia ForeignMinister Jovanovic sign an agreement to

'begin normalization of relations betweenCroatia and the FRY. They agree toexchang~ diplomatic representatives iriFebruary.

British Defense Mihister.Rifkindacknowledges London has been discussingwhether to withdraw its .troops fromUNPROFORbut says the UK will not actunilaterally.

I

Republic of Serbian Krajina InteriorMinister Martic wins the Krajinapresidential elections in the second round.of voting. Knin Mayor Babic had narrowlymissed winning the election in the firstround in December.

French Army General Bertrand de Lapreseleis named to replace French General Cot asCommander of UN Peacekeeping Forces in theformer Yugoslavia. He is expected toreport for duty in March.

EU mediator:Owen responds to the 5February mortar attack on the Sarajevo,market by urging an acceleration of .negotiations on demilitarizing Sarajevoand turning the city over to the UN to,administer. Boutros-Ghali asks NATO if itis ready to launch airstrikes againstartillery that is firing on civilians inSarajevo. France calls for an ultimatumthat the Serbs must pull back 30 km andboth sides turn their heavy weapons overto UN control--or face airstrikes.

ED for~ign ministers reiterate their callto use "all the means necessary includingthe us~ of air power" to lift the siege ofSarajevo as a way to begin implementationof the ED peace plan (the InvinciblePlan) .

Ul~CLASSIFIBD

C05961552

8 February

9 February

10-12 February

UNCLASSIFIED

Bosnian Croat leader Boban announces hisresignation and that a collectivepresidency will be formed to govern theBosnian Croat republic.

NATO gives the Bosnian Serbs 10 days topull heavy weapons 20-km back fromSarajevo or put them under UN control;the Bosnian Government is also to puttheir heavy weapons under UN control. Ifnot, NATO will consider the weaponslegi timate targets' for airstrikes.

The warring parties failed·to overcomedifferences at peace talks in Geneva. Thetalks recessed with EU-mediator/Owenstating they would not resume until atleast the end of February.

I'·, .>, .:'. '

)

)

12 February

12 February

16 February

17 February

17 February

19 February

The ethnic Albanian Party for DemocraticProsperity in Macedonia, a member of·President Gligorov's ruling coalition,split into two factions at its long­anticipated party congress. Both factionspledged to remain in thegovernmEmt. .:

Zagreb and Beigrade announce deta'ils- '>'formalizing their agreement to openrepresentative offices in their respectivecapitals in late February or early March.They also announce agreement to reopen theZagreb-Belgrade highway.

Greece clos~s its consular office inSkopje and announces it will allow onlyhumanitarian cargoes to go throughThessaloniki.

Greece extends its trade embargo againstMacedonia to include all customs points.

The UK, France, Spain and Sweden agree toredeploy some of their troops in Bosnia toSarajevo in response to UNPROFOR CommanderGeneral Rose's call for reinforcements.

Croatian Foreign Minsiter Granic andBosnian Prime Minister Silajdzic meet inFrankfurt to discuss a possible Croat­Muslim federation in Bosnia and itseventual confederation with Croatia. Theymake little progress but agree to continue

24

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

20 February

21 February

23 February

UNCLASSIPI~D

expert level discussions in Zagreb thefollowing week.

400 Russian troops redeploy from UNprotected areas in Croatia to Sarajevo aspart of an agreement negotiated by Russian

'envoy Churkin to ensure Serb compliancewith NATO's ultimatum to withdraw heavy'weapons 'from the 20-km exclusion zone orplace them under UN control. UN and NATOofficials determine that the Bosnian Serbseffectively complied with the NATOultimatum.

The Bosnian Croat Assembly elects formerBosnian Croat Justice Minsiter Zubak tohead an emergency presidential council toreplace Mate Boban as head of thegovernment of the self-proclaimed Republicof Herceg-Bosna.

Bosnian Government and Croat forces sign acease-fire agreement to be implemented on25 February.

)

28 February

1 M:arch

1 March

10 March

12 March

In NATO's first ever combat mission,US planes shoot down four Bosnian Serbaircraft violating the no-fly zone.

Bosnian Prime Minister Silajdzic, CroatianForeign Minister Granic and Bosnian Croatleader Zubak sign a framework agreement inWashington to establish a Croat-Muslimfederation in Bosnia. The parties agreeto meet in Vienna to negotiate details ofthe agreement.

Bosnian Serb leader Karadzic agrees toopen Tuzla airport after Russia offers tosend observers.

Britain announces it will send another900 soldiers to Bosnia. French say theywill adjust rotations so there willtemporarily/be 800 more French troops.Spain will send a few extra troops, andBelgium and Denmark will shift forces toBosnia from Croatia.

Negotiators meeting in Vienna reachagreement on a Croat-Muslim federation ln

25

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

13 March

17 March

18 March

UNCLASSIFIED

Bosnia and plan to sign a final accord lnWashington later in the week.

Bosnian Government and Croat militarycommanders agree at a meeting :t.n Split onguidelines for developing a jointmilitary .

The Serbian Assembly confirms theappointment of Mirko Marjanovic as PrimeMinister and approves his cabinet.Socialists control all key posts in thenew government with only token democraticopposition representation. Businessmen

'also figure prominently in the newcabinet.

Bosnian President Izetbegovic, CroatianPresident Tudjman and Bosnian Croat leaderZubak sign the Croat-Muslim federationaccord in Washington.

)/

22 March

22-23 March

23 March

23 March

24 March

27 March

A UN aircraft lands at Tuzla airportalthough it will not ,be opened for regularhumanitarian flights until the BosnianGovernment and the Serbs agree on how thecargo will be inspected.

Russian-sponsored talks between theCroatian Government and the Krajina Serbsadjourn without r~sults. The partiesagree to reconvene on 29 March.

A UN~sponsored agreement to allow freedomof movement in and out of Sarajevo signedbetween the Bosnian Government and theSerbs on 17 March takes effect. Key roadsand a bridge linking Serb and Muslimneighborhoods open.

The UNSC accepts Turkey's offer of troopsfor UNPROFOR. Ankara otfers a force of2700.

The Bosnian Serb "parliament" rejectsparticipation in the Croat-Muslimfederation and conditions participation lnfuture peace talks on the lifting of UNsanctions against the former Yugoslavia.

The assembly of the self-proclaimedBosnian Croat republic of Herceg-Bosna

26

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

)

30 March

30 March

UNCLASSIFIED

votes to endorse the Croat-Muslimfederation and send representatives to theBosnian Assembly for further debate on theconstitution.

A constituent assembly of Croats and theBosnian Assembly unanimously adopts theconstitution for the Croat-Muslimfederation. The Bosnian Assembly approvedthe constitution before the constituentassembly was called.

The Croatian Government and the KrajinaSerbs sign a cease-fire agreement at theRussian Embassy in Zagreb.

\

, I..

..

31 March

4 April

8-9 April

10 April

14 April

UNSC extends ,UNPROFOR's mandate for 6months, approves 3,700 additionalpersonnel, and asks NATO to extend closeair support to .UN troops in Croatia.

The Croatian Government and the KrajinaSerbs begin implementation of a cease-fireagreement.

UN Commander in Bosnia Rose conductsshuttle diplomacy between Bosnian SerbCommander Mladic and Bosnian CommanderDelic to achieve a cease-fire in theMuslim enclave of Gorazde. His missionis unsuccessful, however, and·Serbartillery attacks against Gorazdeintensify. . .

In NATO's first ever airstrike against aground target, US planes bomb Serbpositions attacking Gorazde. NATOconducts a second airs trike on 11 Aprilin light of continued Serb attacksagainst the town. Russia complains itwas not consulted. The Bosnian Serbsrespond by detaining UN and NGO personneland threatening to shoot down US planes,but the fighting eases.

Bosnian Government and CroatRepresentative meeting in Sarajevo todiscuss the Croat-Muslim federation agreeon procedures to nominate presidential andprime ministerial candidates and decide tocall a constituent assembly later this

( month.

27

UNCL\SSIFIED

C05961552

)

\

16 April

17 April

18 April

18-19 April

21 April

22 April

22 April

UNCLASSIFIED

A British jet is shot down over Gorazde,as the Bosnian Serb assault on the cityintensifies.

UN envoy Akashi negotiates a cease-fireagreement for Gorazde with Bosnian Serbleader Karadzic. The Serbs agree torelease detained UN personnel and withdrawforces from the enclave although nodeadline is specified. The Serbs rejectthe immediate deployment of UN troops toGorazde.

UN Secretary-Gener~l Boutros-Ghali asksNATO to launch airstrikes to protect thesix UN "safe areas" in Bosnia.

EU foreign minister~ call for cease-fireand demilitariied zone around Gorazde,release of detained UN personnel andunimpeded access for relief workersthroughtout Bosnia, and closerdiplomatic cooperation between theEU, the UN, the US, and Russia.But they giv~ no indication how thesegoals are to be achieved.

The Krajina Serb Assembly approves· a"government ;of national unity" under PrimeMinister Mikelic, President Martie'snominee.

\

NATO orders Bosnian Serb forces toimmediately halt attacks on Gorazde andpull back3~km from Gorazde by 2001 EDT on23 April or face airs trikes within a 20-kmradius of the city. NATO also orders theBosnian Serbs to withdraw all heavy .weapons from a 20-kmexclusion.zone aroundGorazde by 2001 EDT on 26 April. NATOagrees to expand the threat of airstrikesto cover all of the UN safe areas. TheUNSC passes a·resolution demanding theBosnian Serbs pull back from Gorazde,implement an immediate ceasefire, andallow unimpeded freedom of movement for UNpersonnel in Bosnia.

UN special envoy Akashi secures agreement. from the Bosnian Serbs that they will endhostilities in Gorazde, withdraw heavy

28-

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

23 April

26 April

27 April

3 May

3-4 May

5 May

5 May

6 May

/ i.'

UNCLASSIFIED

weapons from a 20-km exclusion zone, andguarantee freedom of movement for UN andrelief personnel by 0600 EDT on 23 April.

Bosnian Government and Croatrepresentatives meeting in Sarajevo failto reach agreement on delineating cantonsin the Croat-Muslim federation or fillingleadership positions. They also cancel aconstituent assembly of both sides'scheduled for the end of the month.

The Contact Group--representatives ofRussia, the EU, the UN, and the UnitedStates--meets for the first time inSarajevo in an effort to bring the warringparties back to negotiations and worktoward a ceasefire in Bosnia.

The UN authorizes. 6550 extra troops forthe former Yugoslavia, bringing theapproved total to 44,870. 33,300 areactually deployed, including 17,000 inBosnia.

Bosnian Serb leader Karadzic agrees to aUN proposal to post military observersa~ound Brcko and to a ceasefire in thearea.

UN Special Envoy Akashinegotiates ~n

agreement with Bosnian Serb leaderKaradzic to permit a British convoy toenter Gorazde and to allow Serb tanks totransit the Sarajevo exclusion zone underUNPROFOR control.

The Contact Group resumes shuttlediplomacy between Sarajevo and Pale.

The UNSC passes a resolution warning allwarring parties that offensive actionaround Brcko would result in seriousconsequences, and calling for a cessationof hostilities throughout Bosnia and aresumption of negotiations.

French Foreign Minister Juppe revivesFrance's threat to withdraw its forcesif there is no quick progress towardpeace.

29

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

7-11 May

13 May

17 May

25-26 May

30 May

4 June

8 June

) .

..'

UHCLASSIFIED

Bosnian Government and Croatrepresentatives meeting in Vienna reachagreement on details of delineatingcantons in the Croat-Muslim federation andfilling federation leadership positions.

Ministers from the Contact Group countriesmeeting in Geneva agree on a strategy torestart Bosnian peace negotiations. Theycall for a four-month cease-fire, 51 'percent of Bosnian territory for theCroat-Muslim Federation, and continuationof current sanctions against Serbia withthe prospect of an easing if Belgradecooperates with the peace process.

France announces it will withdraw 2,500 ofthe 6,900 French soldiers assigned toUNPROFOR in the former Yugoslavia over thenext six months.

Contact Group representatives holdbilateral meetings with the BosnianGovernment and the Bosnian Serb parties inTalloires, France. The parties do notieachan agreement but the negotiafionsare~cheduled to re~onvene iti ten days.

The Bosnian<Constituent Assembly namesCroat leader Kresimir Zubak as Presidentof the Croat-Muslim federation and currentBosnian Vice Pre~ident Ganic as it~ VicePresident.

The Contact Group holds bilateral meetingswith representatives of the Croat-Muslimfederation and the Bosnian Serbs inGeneva. The parties do not reach anagreement.

Bosnian Government and Serb leaders sign arenewable month-long cease-fire agreementat talks mediated by UN envoy Akashi. Theagreement is to take effect on 10 June.The negotiations began only after theBosnian Serbs complied with the BosnianGovernment demand that they withdraw all"police" forces from within the 3-kmexclusion zone around Gorazde.

30

UNCLASSIPIED

C05961552, UNCLASSIFIED

)

)

14 June

16 June

23 June

28 June

1 July

5 July

6 July

8 July

10 July

11 Juiy

Croatian President Tudjman and BosnianPresident Izetbegovic meet in Sarajevo andpledge closer cooperation on economicissues, foreign relations, and integratingthe Croat-Muslim federation and buildingits relations with Croatia.

The Contact Group meets in London todiscuss a map to divide Bosnia. Thewarring parties do not attend the meeting.

The ~osnian parliament unanimously electsBosnian Prime Minister Silajdzic to head acabinet composed of 11 Muslims and sixCroats. It will run both the Bosnian andthe Croat-Muslim federation governmentsuntil parliamentary elections this fall.

The Contact Group, meeting in Paris,agrees on a map and a package ofincentives to use to convince the warringparties to reach a settlement.

The Party for Democratic Prosperity, themain ethnic Albanian Party in Macedonia,walks out of parliament to protest stiffprison terms given to ethnic Albaniansaccused of forming a subversiveparamilitary group.

The foreign ministers of the Contact Groupmeet in Geneva and endorse the group'sproposal for a Bosnian settlement.

\

,The Contact Group presents its peace planto the warring parties in Geneva and givepthem two weeks to respond to the pr~posal.

The UN unanimously approves South Africanjudge Richard Goldstone as ChiefProsecutor of the UN War Crimes Tribunalfor the Former Yugoslavia.

The G-7 and Russia endorse the ContactGroup plan and urg~ the warring parties toaccept it at a Summit meeting in Naples.

The Bosnian Government agrees to extend byone month the Bosnian cease-fire thatexpired on 10 July. The Bosnian Serbs hadagreed to the extension on 8 July.

31'

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

..._..'

11 July

11 July

12 July

12-13 July~

14 July

14 July

14 July

18 July

18-19 July

20 July

UNCLASSIFIED

NATO's North Atlantic Council reiteratesits willingness to take part inimplementing the Contact Group proposaland directs its military authorities towork with UNPROFOR to update contingencyplanning for such a role.

The controversial Macedonian census endsamid ethnic Albanian protests over theprocess.

A German supreme court rules thatparticipation in collective securitymeasures--such as Germany's monitoringresponsibilities in the former Yugoslavia­-is consitutional, provided they areendorsed by a simple majority of theBundestag.

French Foreign Minister Juppe and ~ritish

Foreign Minister Hurd travel to Bosnia tomeet with the warring parties in an effortto convince them to accept the ContactGroup peace plan.

UN envoy Vance suspends negotiationsbetween Skopje and Athens to resolve thestandoff over Macedonia's name, flag, andconstitution until the end of Septemberbecause of internal political problems inMacedonia. .

IbrahimRugo~a is r~elected President ofthe Democratic Alliance of Kosovo, themain ethnic Albanian party in Kosovo.

The Macedonian governemnt survives a no­confidence vote called by the nationalistopposition'party VMRO.

The Bosnian Assembly approves the ContactGroup peace plan.

The Bosnian Serb parliament debates theContact Group proposal but does not revealits final position.

The Bosnian Serbs conditionally accept theContact Group peace plan, which the groupinterprets as a rejection .

32

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

.- ". ... ~

, f;

23 July

25 july

27 July

28 July

30 July

3 August

4 August

4 August

5 August

,UNCLASSIFIED

The EU begins administration of Mostar.

The Contact Group meets in Moscow todiscuss their response to the Bosnian Serbrejection of the peace plan.

UN Secretary General Boutr¢s-Ghalirecommends the withdrawal of UN troopsfrom the Balkans. and called on the ContactGroup to organize an international taskforce either to implement or impose apeace plan.

The Bosnian Serbs cut off the main routeinto Sar~jevo to all civilian andcommercial traffic.

Bosnian Serbs attack a British UN convoy,killing one soldier, ~ounding another, andinjuring a Bosnian civilian.

Croatian refugees agree to unblock sevenof the crossings into the UN ProtectedAreas which they have blockaded since 2July.

The 'Bosnian Serb Assembly convenes tor econs i.der the Contact Group peace planand rejects it for a second time.

The Contact Group minist~rs meet in Genevaand agree to move to tighten sanctiori~ onSerbia in response to the Bosnian Serbrejection of its peace plan.

The Bosnian Serb Assembly votesunanimously to hold a referendum on 27-28August on the Contact Group proposal.

President Milosevic announces an immediatepolitical arid economic blockade againstthe Bosnian Serbs.

Some 800 Muslim rebel troops in Pecigradsurrendered to Bosnian Government forces.

NATO.planes strike Bosnian Serb groundtarget after Serbs remove heavy weaponsfrom a UN-monitored collection point nearSarajevo.

33

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

)

' .. '

)

5 - 6 August

5 - 6 August

8 August

11 August

12 August

13 August

13 August

14 August

15 August

15 August

17 August

UNCLASSIFIED

The Bosnian Serbs return the weapons tothe UN depot to avert further air strikes.

Croatian and Krajina Serb officials resumestalled negotiations but no progressreported.

UN commander Rose proposes a demilitarizedzone around Sarajevo.

UN commander Rose threatens both BosnianSerb and Government forces with airstrikesas fighting near visoko spills into 20-kmexclusion zone around Sarajevo ..

Bosnian Serbs shell Dubrovnik airport,only second incident this year. ShellDubrovnik several more times over nextmonth,.

The UNSC adopts a presidential statementcriticizing the blockade of UN trafficinto the UN-protected areas by Croatianrefugees.

- UN dispatches ICFY envoy -Stolteriberg'to ­Belgrade and Pale to meet with Serbian andBosnian Serb officials. Bosnian Serb ­leader Karadzic again rejects' the contactgroup plan.

NATO aircraft fly over a weaponscollection point near Sarajevo on Saturdaypreventing Bosnian Serb units fromremoving two tanks. Troops on-the groundblock two other· attempts to remove weaponsfrom UN-monitored sites.

Serbs and Muslims sign a UN-brokeredagreement tQhalt sniping in Sa.rajevo.

UN announces weapons firings in Sarajevoover the weekend are the highest in weekswith over 1400 incidents recorded.

Croatian refugees announced they will endtheir blockade of crossings into the UN­protected areas.

Abdic declares a unilateral cease-firebetween rebel Muslim and government forcesin the Bihac enclave.

34:

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

18 August

19 August

20 August

20-21 August

22 August

24 August

24 August

26 August

27 August

27-28 August

30 August

2-10 September

UNCLASSIFIED

Bosnian Serb Assembly session elects a newgovernment.

Muslim rebel leader Abdic surrenders toBosnian Government forces but laterrefuses to unconditionally surrender andflees Bihac.

Bosnian Serb and Krajina Serb leaders signa joint declaration calling for a unifiedSerb state.

As many as 20,000 refugees flee the Bihacenclave into Krajina Serb-controlled ­territory. Croatian Government blockstheir entry into Croatia.

Bosnian Government forces capture Muslimseparatist stronghold in the Bihacenclave.

Russian Prime Minister Chernomyrdinpledges in meeting with Serbian PrimeMinister Marjanovic to back efforts toease sanctions again~t Serbia if Belgradeobserves its commitment to break ties withthe Bosnian Serbs.

Federation parties agree to establish ajoint political commission to work with:the federation leadership to' implement thefederation agreement.

Emergency session of the Serbian Assemblyadopts declaration supporting the contactgroup's peace plan.

Russian-Foreign Minister meets withSerbian President Milosevic in Belgrade todiscuss easing of sanctions against Serbiaand border monitoring issues.

Bosnian Serb referendum overwhelminglyrejects contact group plan.

Government and Bosnian Serb militarycommanders sign an antisniping agreementfor Gorazde.

Approximately 3500 Muslims and otherminorities are expelled from northern

35

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

)

3 September

4 September

6-7 September

8 September

9 September

10-11 September

Ul~CLASSIFIED

Bosnia in the single most intensive weekof Bosnian Serb ethnic cleansing since thecampaign intensified in mid-July.

Russian Foreign Minister Kozyrev saysRussia will withdraw its troops fromBosnia if NATO conducts airs trikes againstthe Bosnian Serbs or the arms embargo islifted.

UN mediators Owen and Stoltenberg meetwith Milosevic to discuss Belgrade'sembargo on the Bosnian Serbs. Milosevictells Stoltenberg that he will accept aplan to place international monitors alongthe border.

Contact group meets in Berlin to discussmonitoring proposal arranged by EUmediator Owen and accepted by Milosevic.The group agrees to request that the UNease some sanctions against Serbia inexchange for Belgrade's acceptance ofborder monitors.

French Foreign Ministry announces Belgradewill accept an international humanitarianmission along the federal border withBosnia. The contact·groupagreestorecommend 'the UN tighten sanctions againstthe Bosnian Serb~and ease some ~anctions

against Belgrade.

As many as 30,000 refugees from VelikaKladusa in the Bihac enclave remainln theKrajina Serb-controlled area.

ED foreign ministers approve in principlethe contact group plan for easingsanctions against Belgrade in exchange forBelgrade's acceptance of internationalmonitors along its border with Bosnia.The EU is prepared to send 135 monitors.The ministers also voice strong oppositionto lifting the Bosnian arms embargo.

11 September The EU administration headquarters inMostar is hit during a grenade attack,narrowly missing the room of Mostaradministrator Hans Koschnick. First suchincident since EU took control of Mostarin July. .

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

14 September

15 September

UNCLASSIFIED

Bosnian President Izetbegovic and CroatianPresident Tudjman~eac~ agreement on thecreation of a Bosnian Musiim-Cro~tmilitary command and of municipal andcantonal Federation authorities.

Bosnian Serbs divert power from one of twopower lines in Sarajevo to Pale, leavingSarajevo without electricity or water.The other power line was damaged earlierduring a storm.

16 September

18 September

22 September

'23 September

27 September

28 September

An advance team of 19 international borderobservers arrives in Belgrade. Themission, under the direction of Swedishgeneral Bo Pellnas, will monitor theeconomic blockade imposed on the BosnianSerbs by Belgrade to verify whether it isbeing implemented.

UN Commander Rose threatens both BosnianSerbs and Muslims with NATO airstrikesafter fighting between Bosnian Governmentforces and Bosnian Serbs results in theshelling of Sarajevo by the Bosnian Serbs.

US and British NATO fighter planes carryout airstrikes on a Bosnian Serb tank inthe Sarajevo exclusion zone after BosnianSerbs attack a French armored personnelcarrier.

The UNSC adopts a resolution to easesanctions against Serbia once UNSYGBoutros-Ghali verifies that Belgrade'sblockade of the Bosnian Serbs iseffective. The Security Council alsopasses resolutions to tighten sanctionsagainst the Bosnian Serbs and condemneth~ic cleansing.

Bosnian President Izetbegovic calls on theSecurity Council to lift the arms embargobut delay implementation for six months.

UN personnel make repairs to a damagedtransformer restoring electric supplies

. and water to Sarajevo.

37

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

"J

30 September

3 October

7 October

15 October

16 October

21 October

28 October

UNCLASSIFIED

The UN Security Council votes to extendUNPROFOR's mandate for,six months inBosnia, Croatia, and Macedonia.

UNSYG Boutros-Ghali sets in motion theprocess to suspend phase one sanctionsafter receiving Confirmation from ICFYchairmen Owen and Stoltenberg thatBelgrade is meeting its commitment toclose the border. The Belgrade airportwill reopen and sporting and culturalexchanges'will resume for 100 daysstarting 5 October.

NATO ambassadors urge UNSYG Boutos-Ghalito allow swifter air strikes, possiblywithout warning, on a wider choice oftargets if the Bosnian Serb violateexclusion zones or attack UNPROFOR.

Two-week Nunn-Mitchell clock starts.Congressional amendment urges the USPresident to propose a resolution in theUNSC within two weeks to lift the armsembargo in Bosnia;

Macedonian President Gligorov is reelectedin the first round of presidential andparliamentary elections, but a secondround is needed to determine 60% of theparliamentary seats.

National Bank of Yugoslavia Lnt r oduc'es newmeasures to try to support rapidlyweakening dinar, including releasingadditional deutschmarks from reserves forsale to the public, drastically tighteningcredit, and cracking down on capital .flight.

USUN Ambassador Albright c i rcu Lat es adraft UNSC resolution calling for the armsembargo in Bosnia to be lifted in sixmonths unless the Bosnian Serbs accept the~ontact group peace plan.

NATO and the UN reach agreement on the useof air strikes in Bosnia. Air strikeswill be proportional.to the violation,more timely, and without tactical warningunless civilians are endangered. The UN

38

IDJCLASSIFIED

C05961552

30 October

3 November

9 November

18 November

19 November

UNCLASSIFIED

retains the authority to initiate and stopair strikes.

President Gligorov's Alliance forMacedonia wins at least two-thirds of the120 seats after the second round ofparliamentary elections. Ethnic Albanianand independent parties win the remainingseats .. 'Nationalist parties do not winany, while major opposition partiesboycott the election to protestirregularities in the first round.

The UN General Assembly approves a non­binding resolution to lift the armsembargo against Bosnia in six months ifthe Bosnian Serbs do not accept thecontact group peace plan. UN SecurityCouncil members, who have sole authorityto lift the embargo, voted 5 in favor,with 10 abstentions.

A single Krajina Serb jet aircraft takesoff from Udbina airfield to attack twotargets in Bihac, violating the no-flyzone in Bosina. The jet's missles hit anamunition dump and a parcel of open groundin ihe surrounding area.

Krajina Serb jets attack Bihac ·with amissle; napalm bomb/and a cluster bomb.The UNSC issues a presidential statementcondemning the attack and calls· for an endto actions that endanger UN peacekeepers.Croatian President Tudjman gives the UNSCpermission to allow NATO to fly overCroatian territory.

The UNSC unanimously authorizes NATOplanes to strike targets in Croatia-­namely Udbina airfield--used by the Serbstc:i launch attacks on UN safe areas.

The Krajina Serb Assembly rejects an·economic proposal initiated byinternational mediators Owen andStoltenberg to restore economic links withthe Croatian Government.

.' ,. ,

21 November NATO planes, at UN request, attack Serb­controlled Udbina airfield in Croatia,rendering it temporarily inoperable. The

39

UNCL".SSIFIED

C05961552

)

23 November

30 November

2 December

4 December

5 December

7 December

UNCLASSIFIED

stike is intended to stop Serb attacks onthe neighboring Bihac enclave in Bosnia.

NATO planes attack Serb surface to-alr­missle sites around Bosanska Krupa andatoka in northwest Bosnia and in the areaof Dvor, in retaliation for Serb attacksagainst British jets the previous day.The British jets were not hit.

UNSYG Boutros-Ghali arrives in Sarajevo tonegotiate a cease-fire throughout Bosniawith Bosnian President Izetbegovic andSerb leader Karadzic. Karadzic refuses tomeet the UNSYG, insisting that the meetingtake place on Serb-controlled land.

Croatia and the "Republic of SerbianKrajina" (RSK) sign an economic agreementas a first step to restoration ofutilities, reopening road links, andreactlvating an oil pipeline between Croatand Serb-controlled areas of Croatia.

Contact Group Foreign Ministers, meet in'Brussels to discuss new initiativesdesigned to encourage the Bosnian Serbs tosign the Contact Group peace plan.

Brit"ish Foreign Minister Hurd arid Freneli'Foreign Minister Juppe travel to Beigradefor talks withS~rbian PresidentMilosevic. Milosevic promises to use hisinfluence to press the Bosnian Serbs toaccept the Contact Group plan.

A delegation of Bosnian Serb Assemblymembers led by Bosnian Serb ForeignMinister Buha urges other assembly membersto consider acceptance of the ContactGroup plan, after a meeting in Belgradewith Serbian President Milosevic.,

Bosnian Serb leader Karadzicannouncesthat "new interpretations" of the Contactnorthwest Bosnia after meeting with UNCommander Rose in Velika Kladusa. Rosealso meets with Bosnian V Corps CommanderDudakovic, who pledges to consult withSarajevo on whether to accept the truce.

40

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552UNCLASSIFIED

)

)

'29 December

31 December

19951 January

2 January

12 December

14 December

The Bosnian Serb Assembly issues astatement endorsing the 19 December Carteragreement and agrees to negotiations basedon the existing Contact Group plan. SevenSerb deputies, who have maintained tieswith Milosevic, break away from Karadzic'sSDS party to form their own independentgroup.

Bosnian Government and Serb officials signseparate texts, agreeing to a four-monthcomprehensive cease-fire to take effect atnoon, on 1 January. The agreement followsthe temporary truce signed on 23 Decemberand calls for UN troops to be positionedbetween the combatant forces in someareas. UNPROFOR will set up jointcommissions to monitor the cease-fire,

The four-month cessation of hostilitiesagreement between the Bosnian Governmentand Bosnian Serbs takes effect at noon,local Sarajevo time.

Bosnian Croat political and military .officials, led by. Federation PresidentZubak, sign the four-month cease-fireagreement after a two-hour meeting inMostar with UN Commander Rose. Zubakattaches a separate annex that demands anGroup plan presented by Milosevic are agood basis to reopen negotiations,Karadzic insists, however, that land swapsand constitutional issues must be decidedbefore formal acceptance of the plan:

Krajina Serb and/or rebel Muslim forcesdestroy a Bangladeshi UN armored-personnelcarrier in Velika Kladusa with an anti­tank guided missile. UNPROFOR CommanderRose and other UN officials in Sarajevodeny Bangladeshi requests for NATO airpresence.

Bosnian Serb leader Karadzic publiclyinvites former President Carter to visitBosnia as a mediator. Karadzic pledges tofree all UN peacekeepers and Muslimsoldiers held prisoner who are under theage of 19, guarantee freedom of movement

41:

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

)

18 December

19 December

19-20 December

20 December

UNCLASSIFIED

for UN convoys, accept an immediate cease­fire around Sarajevo, and reopen Sarajevoairport.

Former President Carter travels toSarajevo where he holds an hour-longmeeting with Bosnian PresidentIzetbegovic. Carter recommends that theContact Group plan serve as the basis forfurther negotiations.

Former President Carter, after a meetingwith Bosnian Serb leaders in Pale,announces a Serb proposal for an immediatefour-month cease-fire and an offer tocontinue talks based on the Contact Groupplan. The points of the unilateral cease­fire are outlined in a statement issued bySerb leaders. Afterwards, Karadzic denieshe agreed to an immediate cease-fire, butexpresses the need lito explore thepossibilities" of an immediate cease-fire~

Military chiefs of NATO countries andcountries' with peacekeepers· in Bosnia meetLn the Hag'ueto .di s cus s. ways to improvethe-UNPROFOR mission. The leaders callfor more resources, but do not discussincreasing the number of UN troops orgiving the mission authority for morerobust military action.

Carter returns to Sarajevo where heobtains Bosnian President Izetbegovic'sagreement to a four month cease-fire, andafter a second meeting in Pale, announcesthat Bosnian Serb leaders will accept acomplete cease-fire throughout Bosnia tobe implemented on 23 D~cember. Carterthen travels to Belgrade to hold talkswith Serbian President Milosevic beforereturning to the US.

21 December

22 December

Croatia's Krajina Serbs allow the Zagreb­Belgrade highway to reopen as part oftheir mediated economic agreement signedon 2- December.

UN Special Envoy Akashi obtains'-commitments from Bosnian Muslim and Serbofficials to enact a cease-fire at noon on

42

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23 December

24 December

28 December

4 January

)6 January

9 January

11 January

12 January

UNCLASSIFIED

23 December, after meetings ~n Sarajevoand Pale.

Bosnian President Izetbegovic and BosnianSerb leader Karadzic sign separate textsagreeing toa cease-fire, effective noon24 December,valid until 1 January, afterwhich there will be an anticipated fourmonth "cessation of hostilities".

A seven-day cease-fire between BosnianMuslims and Serbs starts noon, localSarajevo time.

Rebel Muslim leader Abdic agrees "inprinciple" to respect a cease-fire in endto ethnic cleansing in Serb-controlledareas of Bosnia.

A joint co~ission of Bosnian Muslim andSerb leaders fail to r~ach agreement onimplementing key aspects of the cease-fireagreement. The meeting, held at Sarajevoairport, is suspended due to Serbcomplaints over the Bosnian Government'srefusal to withdrawal its troops from Mt.Igman.

Bosnian Muslim and Serb leaders again failtd reach agreement on implementing thecease-fire. Serb leaders declare theywill not reopen key supply routes leadinginto Sarajevo until they are permitted to .inspect the Mt. Igman DMZ to verify thewithdrawal of'government troops.

UN officials are unable to verify theBosnian Government's withdrawal from Mt.Igman after a government guide argues thatsnow conditions are unsafe and refuses tolead them to the last hideout.

Bosnian Government and Serb officials signan agreement providing for the withdrawalof government. forces from Mt. Igman andthe opening of supply routes into Sarajevoby 14 January. .

Croatian President Tudjman informs UNSYGBoutros-Ghali by letter that Zagreb willnot renew UNPROFOR's mandate in Croatiawhen it expires on 31 March. Tudjman

43

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

13 January

14 January

20 January

UNCLASSIFIED

states that UN headquarter9 can remain inZagreb, but UN forces must withdraw before30 June.

The UNSC votes to extend limited sanctionsrelief in Serbia for another 100 days.The vote also mandates border monitors toprohibit fuel shipments from Serbia toSerb-held areas of Croatia.

The Contact Group holds talks with BosnianSerb leaders in Pale.

Bosnian Serb soldiers block the opening ofsupply routes into Sarajevo charging thatgovernment officials are abusing theagreement signed on 11 January by seekingthe passage.of commercial traffic. Serbofficials state the agreement providesonly for the passage of civilian andhumanitarian traffic.

Bosnian Government and Serb officialsexchange 101 prisoners in Sarajevo. Theexcharige is the first prisoner swap sinceOctober 1994.

) 23 January

24 January

24-25 January

26 January

Bosnian Serb leader Krajisnik and UNofficial Muratovic sign an'agreement to'open key supply routes irito Sarajevo by 31January. The agreement also provides forfreedom of movement for. the population,exchange of POWs, and evacuations for thewounded out of Gorazde.

British Major-General Rupert Smithreplaces General Michael Rose as commanderof UN forces in Bosnia.

The Contact Group begins two days ofshuttle diplomacy between Pale andSarajevo to further the peace process.The group decides to suspend thefalksafter the Serbs refuse to accept theContact Group plan as the basis forfurther negotiations.

The Adria oil pipeline, extending fromCroatia's Adriatic Coast to central Europeopens under the 2 December economicagreement between Zagreb and the KrajinaSerbs.

44'

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

)30 -January

31 January

1 February

5 February

6 February

8 February

UNCLASSIFIED

The Zagreb Four (Z-4), the US, EU, UN andRussia, presents its plan for a politicalsettlement in Croatia to President Tudjmanand Krajina Serb "President" Martie. Theplan reestablishes Croatian control overall territory within its internationallyrecognized borders and gives considerableautonomy to Serbs in areas where they forma majority. Martie refuses to receive theplan, stating that Knin must first receiveguarantees that UNPROFOR will stay inCroatia, while Tudjman says Zagreb willstudy the plan before further decision.

Serbian President Milosevic refuses tomeet with z-4 mediators and declines todiscuss their plan for a politicalsettlement in Croatia.

UN officials announce that Bosnian Serbleaders will allow the opening of a keyroute into Sarajevo to humanitariantraffic. They indicate the road willlikely remain closed to commercialtraffic.

Senior officials of the Muslim-CroatFederation meet in Munich, GermarlYwith US andContact"-~roup

representatives. They agree on anine-point plan to strength theFederation and to nominate aninternational mediator to resolvedisputed matters.

UN officials announce the opening ofkey s uppLy ro:utes around Sarajevo andacross the airport to civiliantraffic. Commercial traffic is stillexcluded.

The Krajina serb "parliament" votes tosuspend political talks and furthersteps in implementing the 2 Decembereconomic agreement with Zagreb untilit reverses its decision to expel UNforces. The vote is accompanied by a

45

UNCL,71.SSIFIED

C05961552

13 February

14 February

15 February

17 February

18-19 February

UNCLASSIFIED

measure declaring a war alert, onestep below declar~ng a full state ofwar.

The Bosnian Serb Assembly meets inSamac and again rejects the ContactGroup plan. The Assembly decides toprohibit unauthorized contacts betweenBosnian Serb individuals or groupswith the Contact Group, in an effortto reign in dissident deputies whofavor the Contact Group plan.

The five~nation Contact Group, at ameeting in Paris, agrees to a newinitiative to lift sanctions againstBelgrade in exchange for itsrecognition of Croatia, Bosnia,Macedonia, and Slovenia. In addition,Serbian President Milosevic must·endorse the Z-4 plan providing for apol.itical sol0tion in Cro~tia.. ,- -

Over 1,500 ethnic Albanians attend theopening of an Albanian language0niversity in western Macedonia.Macedonian police do not interfere inthe opening ceremony.

Macedonian police clasp with ethnicAlbanians in western Macedonia overthe operation of an Albanian l'anguageuniversity. One ethnic Albaniankilled and over twenty others--bothpolice and demonstrators--wounded.

"-Russian Foreign Minister Kozyrevtravels to Serbia for two days oftalks with Serbian President Milosevicconcerning the new Contact Groupinitiative. Serbian officials respondby saying they cannot consider theinitiative until sanctions are liftedagainst Belgrade.

46

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

20 February

23 February

1 March

UNCLASSIFIED

Krajinaand Bosnian Serb officialsform a joint defense council, headedby Bosnian Serb Pre$ident Karadzic andKrajina Serb President Martie. Both,sides agree to pool military resourcesand pledge military cooperation ~f

fighting resumes.

French, German, and Britishrepresentatives of the Contact Grouppresent Serbian President Milosevicwith the group's new plan offeringsanctions relief to Serbia in exchangefor it's recognition of the otherformer Yugoslav states. No publicstatements are given after themeeting, but press sources indicateMilosevic rejects the new offer.

French, German, and British ContactGroup representatives return toBelgrade for talks with SerbianPresident Milosevic on the new plan.Contact Group officials indicate thatthe full Contact Gr6up will meet inParis 6n i March tb ~eci~en~~t §tep~.

The Krajina Serbian Radical Party andPresident Martie propose an initiativein the Krajina Serb Assembly for a no­confidence vote in Prime MinisterMikelic. The Assembly will considerthe initiative on 8 March.

. ' ..~'~'

2 March

6 March

The full Contact Group meets in Paristo discuss the results of the 1 Marchmeeting with Milosevic. Contact Groupofficials concede that Belgraderejected their plan, but indicatedthey would discuss counter-proposalsoffered by Milosevic at the meeting.

\

Military commanders from the Croatian,Bosnian, and Bosnian Croat armies meetin Zagreb to sign an accord

47

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

8 March

8-10 March

10 March

12 March

UNCLASSIFIED'

strengthening military cooperation.The accord provides the framework forpossible coordination of Muslim-Croatmilitary actions against Serbs inCroatia and Bosnia.

Deputies of the Krajina Serb RadicalParty walk out of the Krajina SerbAssembly in protest against theassembly speaker not including on theagenda a proposal to hold a,noconfidence vote in Prime MinisterMikelic.

Federation President Zubak and VicePresident Ganic agree in Bonn,Germany, to take concrete steps tostrenghen the federation by 15 April.The two leaders propose to assemble amixed army, establish all cantons,return refugees, ensure freedom ofmovement, and set up a common courtsystem, among 6ther actions.

Bosnian Croat General Santic,commander of Bosnian Croat forces inBihac is reported missing. BosnianCroat officials accuse the BosnianGovernment of detaining Santic afterthe government army arrested him on 9

'March. Bosnian army officials denyinvolvement.

Croatian President Tudjman announcesZagreb's readiness to negotiate a newmandate with the UN Security Councilfor an international force to replaceexisting UN troops in Croatia. Thenew force would consist ofapproximately 5,000 troops, with 500soldiers stationed along Croatia'sborder~ with Bosnia and Serbia. \

.. ). '~ .. , .

15 March Bosnian Army Commander Delic announcesthat thre~ government soldiers are

48:

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

20 March

24 March

26 March

27 March

28 March

UNCLASSIFIED

being detained in connection with theearly March disappearance of BosnianCroat General Santic .. Delic stateSthat the incident wa~ a "settling ofpersonal scores" and not motivated bypolitical or military reasons.

Croatian and Krajina Serb officialsagree to open a sectiort of theBelgrade-Zagreb railway by mid-April.Croatian officials agree to performrepairs to the railway by 27 March.

Bosnian Prime Minister Silajdzic andCroatian Prime Minister Valentic signa federation agreement on economic andcustoms cooperation, the return ofrefugees, and the abolition of visa~.

/The two officials also review anagreement that guarantees thefederation access to the sea throughCroatian territory, and Croatia accessthrough federation territory.

Bosrtian Serb leader Karadzic ordersthe mobilization of the enti.r:-e Bosni~nSerb population to counter the BosnianGovernment offensive, now in its

'second week.

The five-nation Contact Group, meetingin London, urges Sarajevo and Pale toextend the current ceasefire andpledges to continue its efforts tobring about negotiations before thestart of a new' round of fighting.

The Croatian Parliament endorses a setof conclusions stating that any new UNmandate for Cro~tia must explicitlyrefer to Croatia in its name,establish effective control ofCroatia's borders, and provide foroperational measures leading to peace.

49

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

29 March

31 March

4 April

8 April

11 April

UNCLASSIFIED

The Bosnian Parliament endorses the10 March Bonn Agreement to step upimplementation of the Muslim-Croatfederation.

The UNSC adopts three resolutionsrenewing the UN mandate in the formerYugoslavia and dividing UN troops intothree separate commands for Croatia,Bosnia, and Macedonia. The newCroatian force, UNCRO (UN ConfidenceRestoration Operation in Croatia),will be reduced in number and taskedto monitor Croatia's borders. The newBosnian and Macedonian forces,UNPORFOR and UNPREDEP (UN PreventiveDeployment Force), will have mandatesthat are largely unchanged.

Contact Group officials, meeting inLondon, agree to press Sarajevo toextend the Bosnian ceasefire when itexpires on 1 May. The group fails toagree on a strategy to gain Serbianrecognition of Bosnia and Croatia.

Bosnian Serb and UN military generalssign an agreement pledging that bothsides will not interfere with themovement of people and traffic alongthe main supply route between theairport and central Sarajevo. Theagreement follows a.tense standoff inwhich Bosnian Serbs blockaded F"renchUN tioopsbehind mines on 7 April.

Members of the five-nation ContactGroup arrive in Belgrade to hold talkson the on-going peace process withSerbian President Milosevic. Noformal statement is issued by theContact Group.

14 April A French UN peacekeeper is killed byan unidentified sniper while driving

50

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

)

15 April

15-16 April

UNCLASSIFIED

an armored vehicle through theSarajevo suburb of Dobrinja.

A second French UN peacekeeper iskilled by sniper fire in Sarajevo. Thesolider's death prompts French PrimeMinister Balladur to dispatch FrenchDefense Minister Leotard to Sarajevoto dicuss UN troop security, call foremergency UN consultations, andthreaten a French withdraw from Bosniaif Paris' conditions for thecontiuation of the mission are notmet.

The Bosnian Serb Assembly meets inSanski Most to review the military andpolitical situation in Serb-heldBosnia. Miltary and politcal leadersblame each other for recent militarysetbacks to the Bosnian Government.

)18 April

19 April

Bosnian Serb leader Karadzic announcesthat ,Pale will restructure governmentinstitutions,. including the army andpolice to correct deficiencies causedby the blockade and deficienciesrelated to "internal controlmechanisms in state bodies and therul ing party."

International mediators Owen andStoltenberg meet in Belgr~de withMilose~ic to disctiss pos~ible

helicopter violations of Serbia'seco~omic blockade of the BosnianSerbs. Milosevic agrees' t oia Llowinternational experts to examineYugoslav air space radar tapes for thepast seven weeks.

The UNSC unanimously adopts a Frenchdraft resolution that calls on allwarring parties in Bosnia to refrain'from violence against UN forces, urges

51

illifCLASSIFIED

C05961552

20-21 April

21 April

21-22 April

UNCLASSIFIED

the extension of the cease-fire, andrequests the resumption of talks for a:peaceful settlement.

I

UN Special Envoy Akashi holds talks inSarajevo and Pale with BosnianGovernment and Serb leaders onrenewing'the four-month ceasefire.Both sarajevo and Pale turn down theoffer to renew the ceasefire.

The US, UK, Russia, France and Germanyapprove a resolution to extendrelaxation of minor sanctions againstSerbia, but with stricter controls.The draft calls on Serbia tocompletely seal its borders withBosnia, cut off communications withPale, and requires renewal every 75days instead of 100.

UNSYG Boutros-Ghali recommends areport to the UNSC reorganizing UNforces in Croatia. The plan, not yetapproved by Zagreb or Knin, reducesthe number of troops in the force,provides for monitors on Croatia'sborders with Bosnia, but does notspecify the number of troops on theborder or howmqny crossings will bemonitored.

US and German Contact Group officialsare forced to spend the night at-Sarajevo airport after Bosnian Serbofficials refuse to ensure their safepassage into Sarajevo for talks withthe Bosnian Government. The envoysleave the airport for, Zagreb on 22April. Serb leader Karadzic blamesthe UN's 21 April decision to onlyextend minimal sanctions relief toSerbia for the restrictions imposed onthe negotiators.

52

UNCU\SSIFIED

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) 24-25 April

1 May

2 May

UNCLA3SIFIED

The Krajina Serb Army closes theZagreQ-Belgrade Highway for 24 hours

'. due to alleged interference by the. Croatian Government and UNCROofficials with commercial traffic.The Krajina Serbs reopen the highwayon 25 April.

The ,Carter-brokered Cessation ofHostilities Agreement expires inBosnia amidst low-level fighting.

Between 5,000 and 6,500 Croatian armytroops attack across UN lines into UN

r:

Sector West to take control of theZagreb-Belgrade highway following aweekend of Serb and Croat killingsalong the road. Krajina Serbs respondby shelling nearby Croatian towns andtaking 122 UN Personnel hostage.

KrajinaSerbs rocket downtown Zagreband nearby Pleso Airport inretaliation for the Croatian offensivein UN Sector West. Five people arekilled and over 100 injured.

The Croatians continue their push into.Sector West, seizing virtually ~ll

strategic points. PresideritTudjmandeclares victory.

3 May US Special Envoy Akashi brokers aceasefire between Croatia and theKrajina Serbs following another Serb

53

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

)

i': i

/)

7 May

8 May

9 May·

10 May

UNCLA33H'IED

missile strike against Zagreb that hita children's hospital and the NationalTheater--killing one person andwounding 40.

Bosnian Serbs shell Sarajevo in thefirst major attack on the city sincethe expiration of a four-month cease­fire on 1 May. Ten are killed and 40injured, according to press accounts.

The Organization of Security andCooperation in Europe announces itwill mediate between Greece and theFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia(FYROM) in their longstanding disputeover FYROM's use of the .nameMacedoniaand .mut.uaL: accusations df 'des'igns 'on ..,.each ot.he'r' s te~ritory.

The United Nations begins evacuatingSerbs from Sector West to Bosnia afterKrajina Serb leaders threaten furtherrocketing of·Zagreb if they are 'notallowed to go.

UN Commander General Rupert Smithrequests air strikes on Bosnian Serbgunners in retaliation for the 7 Mayshelling of sarajevo. He is overruledby UN Special Envoy Akashi who fearsair strikes will upset the recentlybrokered cease-fire in Croatia.At'terwards, frustrated UN officials inSarajevo call for a review of theirrole in Bosnia.

54

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

)

15 May

16 May

17 May

20 May

24 May

UNCLASSIFIED

General Milan Celeketic, chief of theKrajina Serb Army submits hisresignation to RSK President Martic.He blames the political leadership forlosses in Western Slavonia, but alsohimself for not upholding his promiseto defend every "centimeter" of Serbterritory.

UNSYG Boutros-Ghali, in a closed-doorbriefing with the Security Council,suggests that UN troops in Bosnia bereduced and regrouped. He stressesthat a change is needed on the grounddue to the escalation of hostilitiesand threats to peacekeepers.

The UNSC adopts a resolution demandingthat Croatian and Krajina Serb forceswithdraw from UN separation zones inCroatia. The Council warns ofunspecified actions if the two sidesdo not comply.

The Krajina Serb assembly votes tounify with the Bosnian Serbs and callsfor a joint session of the Krajina andBosnian Serb assemblies by the end ofMay to formalize the unification.

UN officials issue an ultimatum to thewarring parties in Bosnia to stop theuse of heavy weapons around Sarajevo.They warn the Serbs to return four bigguns taken from UN depots by noon 25May or·face NATO airstrikes.

25 May NATO launches airs trikes against twoammunition bunkers near Pale forBosnian Serb noncompliance wlth theultimatum issued on 24 May. TheBosnian Serbs retaliate by shelling UNsafe areas, taking UN troops hostageand killing 68 in Tuzla.

55

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

26 May

28 May

29 May

31 May

1 June

2 June

8 June

UNCLASSIFIED

NATO launches a second round ofairstrikes against the Pale ammunitiondepot at Jahorina Potok.

Bosnian Foreign Minister Ljubijankicis killed when the helicopter carryinghim is shot down over the Bihacregion. Krajina Serbs claimresponsibility.

Bosnian Serb leaders announce thatPale is rescinding all agreements withthe United Nations.

Lord David Owen announces hisresignation as EU peace negotiator inthe former Yugoslavia.

Press reports indicate that BosnianSerbs have taken a total of 372peacekeepers hostage since the 25 and26 May NATO airstrikes.

UN Secretary-General Boutros-Ghalipresents options to the SecurityCouncil for the future of peacekeepingforces in Bosnia. He notes that hispreference is a reduction ofUNPROFOR's mandate, consolidation ofUNPROFOR troops, and an eventualreduction of force.

The Bosnian Presidency appoints .Muhamed Sacirbey as the new foreignminister replacing Irfan Ljubijankic,who was killed on 28 May.

A United StatesF-16 is shot down byBosnian Serbs over Banja Luka whilepolicing the Bosnian "no-fly" zone.

US Marines rescue F-16 pilot shot downon 2 June.

56

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552

7-13 June

15 June

16 June

18 June

20 June

28 June

30 June

UNCLASSIFIED

Bosnian Serbs release 258 UN hostages.Twenty-six hostages remain in Serbhands. In addition, 92 UNpeacekeepers are blocked in place bySerb forces.

The Bosnian Serb "parliament" votes tounify with the Croatian Serbs.

Bosnian government troops massingnorth of Sarajevo remove weapons fromUN depot at gunpoint. Shops, schools,and offices close in Sarajevo.

Heavy fighting breaks out aroundSarajevo as Bosnian Government beginsprobing attacks for an offense to .liftthe siege of Sarajevo.

UN Security Council authorizes aBritish-French-Dutch rapid reactionforce (RRF)to protect UN peacekeepersin Bosnia. Financial arrangements topay for the force are left to bedetermined.

Bosnian Serbs release remain~ng 26 UNhost.aces in exchange for four Serbsoldiers detained by United Nations.

EUenvoy Carl Bildt arrives in Splitfor his first visit to formerYugoslavia as international mediator.

NATO gives provisional approval to aplan to send thousands of troops toBosnia to cover withdrawal of UNpeacekeepers if their missioncollapses.

German parliament approves cabinet'sdecision to send soldiers and fighteraircraft to support the RRF in Bosnia,which could be Germany's first foreigncombat mission since World War Two.

57 .

UNCLASSIFIED

C05961552UNCLASSIFIED

)

.,-.;

.)

4 July

5 July

9 July

11 July

12 July

14 July

US logistical troops arrive in Splitto prepare the ground fo~ the UN RapidReaction Force.

UN Security Council renews for another75 days the easing of some sanctionsit imposed on the Yugoslav republic in1992.

Bosnian Serb tanks push to within1,500 meters of the town limits ofSrebrenica. Bosnian Serbs detainseven UN. Dutch peacekeepers during theincursion and take them to the town ofBratunac in Serb-held territory .

NATO jets bomb Bosnian Serb tanksattacking Srebrenica after UN troop~

come under Serb fire.

Bosnian Serb troops break throughDutch UN defenses and overrunSrebrenica, forcing thousands ofMuslims to flee north to a UN base atPotocari.

UN Security Council demands BosnianSerb forces withdraw from UN-declared·safe area of Srebrenica. The EuropeanUnion and NATO issue similar . .statements and NATO demands the"immediate and unconditional .reI'eas e ofDutch peacekeepers held by BosnianSerbs.

Thorvald Stoltenberg lS named specialUN envoy to Bosnia.

Bosnian Government refuses tocooperate with either Akashi orStoltenberg, bl~rning the fall ofSrebrenica on UN inact~on.

EU envoy Bildt meets with SerbianPresident Milosevic to try to defuse

58'

UWCLZ'rSSIFIED

C05961552

)

14 July

15 July

16 July

17 July

UNCLASSIFIED

the mounting crisis in Bosniatriggered by the Serb offensive onMuslim enclaves in eastern Bosnia.

Bosnian Serb forces launch a majorattack on the UN-declared safe area ofZepa.

In Zepa Bosnian troops seize UNUkrainian weapons and armored vehiclesto counter the Serb attack.

Bosnian Serb troops, supported bytanks and heavy mortar's, thrust intothe safe area of Zepa, to within 1,500meters of the town.

Bosnian Serb forces blockade a UNcheckpoint outside Zepa with mines andthreaten to fire on it if NATOwarplanes appear.

,)18 July'

19 July

Bosnian Serb forces launch anotherattack on Zepa using tanks andartillery, while Bosnian Governmenttroops disarm UN Ukrainian troops,hoping to tise them against the S~rbs.

Saudi King Fahd donates $13 million inhumanitarian aid for Bosnia and callson wOrld leaders to defend Bosnia'sMuslims.

Croatian Serb troops and their rebelMuslim allies launch an attack againstBosnian Government positions in thenorthwestern Bihac enclave.

The number of refugees arriving inTuzla from eastern Bosnia reaches29,000 with 13,000 stili missing.

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")

19 July

21 July

21 July

22 July

25 July

25 July

26 July

UNCLASSIFIED

Bosnian Serb forces launch a majoroffensive against the Bihac enclavefrom the north and west.

Talks open at a meeting in London ofsenior officials from Contact Groupand UN troop contributor nations in aneffort to save the UN mission inBosnia.

The Organization of Islamic Conferenceannounces that it considers theinternational arms embargo against theBosnian Government to be "de jure"invalid and agrees to provide "allnecessary assistance and support" forBosnia's defense.

Croatian President Tudjman, BosnianPresident Izetbegovic, and Federationleader Zubak sign the Split Agreementfor Croatia to provide Bosnia­Herzegovina urgent military assistanceagainst the Serb offensive in Bihac .

.Croatian Army and Bosnian Croat forcesbegin an offensive in the Livno Valleyof western Bosnia against the BosnianSerbs.

Krajina Serb leader Mar~ic, BosnianSerb General Mladic, and Bosnian Serbleader Karadzic are indicted by theInternational Criminal Tribunal forthe Former Yugoslavia.

The US Senate votes to lift the armsembargo against the BosnianGovernment.

28 July

l

The Krajina Serb "Assembly" elects anew government, with Milan Babic as"Prime Minister."

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3 August

3 August

4 August

4 August

5 August

UNCLASSIFIBD

Voji~lav Seselj, head of the SerbianRadical Party; is r e Leas ed from prisonafter serving a two-month sentence fora shooting incident at an illegalrally in Gnjilane.

Bosnian Prime Minister Haris Silajdzicsubmits his resignation.

Bosnian Serb "President" RadovanKaradzic replaces General Ratko Mladicas Commander of the Bosnian Serb Army.

Croatian forces launch an attackagainst the Serb-occupied UN SectorsNorth and South in Croatia.

Croatian Army forces capture theKrajina Serb "capital" of Knin.

\

)

\)

7 August

10 August

11 August

12 .August

13 August

14 August

Croatian Defense Minister Susakannounces that all military operationsin Sectors North and South arefinished.

Following talks with Bosnian PresidentIzetbegovic~ Prim~ Minister Silajdzicwithdraws his resignation.

Bosnian Serb "President" Karadzicreinstate~ General Mladic as topmilitary leader.

Saudi Arabia raises more than $90mil {ion in donations .for BosnianMuslims.

The Russian State Duma votes towithdraw from UN sanctions against theFRY and freeze relations with Croatia.

United States steps up diplomaticefforts by sending a delegation headed

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)

'\J

I

15 August

16 August

17 August

UHCLASSIFIED

by US Assistant Secretary of StateHolbrooke ort a tour of Balkancapitals.

A second US Predator spy drone is lostover Bosnia due to engine problems.

Bosnian Serbs begin a new wave of massexpulsions of Croats and Muslims fromBanja Luka.

,The delegation of US envoys headed byHolbrooke launch the new peaceinitiative by meeting in Split,Croatia with Croatian Foreign MinisterGranic and Bosnian Foreign MinisterSacirbey.

Serbian President Milosevic appointsYugoslav Ambassador to Greece MilanMilutinQvic as new Foreign Minister.Former Foreign Minister Jovanovicbecomes new UN representative.

Holbrooke and other US envoys meetwith Croatian President Tudjman todiscuss the US initiative. Tudjmansays he will cooperate in advancingthe new plan.

Bosnian Government officials refuse tomeet with European Union peace envoyBildt, claiming his peace initiative"is dead." The Croatian Governmentalso refuses to talk to Bildt.

. - ..

US envoy HoLbrooke meets with Se'rbianPre~ident Milosevic to present the USpeace initiative. Milosevic supportsthe plan.

)

19 August US special envoy Ambassador Frasure,Deputy Assistant Defense SecretaryKruzel, and Air Force Colonel'Drew are'killed when their APC slides off the

62

UNCLASSIFIED

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)

-,),

)

20 August

23 August

28 ,August

29 August

UNCLASSIFIED

Mt. Igman road outside Sarajevo andcrashes into a r~vine.

, '

The United Nations Security Councilissues a statement criticizing Croatiaand Bosnia for blocking deployment ofthe RRF, calling f6r "removal ofimpediments" 'and "freedom ofmovement. "

Four British soldiers--believed to bethe first losses suffered by the RRF-­are killed when their helicoptercrashes into the Adriatic Sea.

The White House names fourreplacements for the three USdiplomats who were killed while enroute to Sarajevo on 19 August forpeace talks.

Seventy-two Ukrainian UN peacekeeperswithdraw from the eastern Bosnianenclave of Gorazde.

Ass i s t.ant; Secretary of State Richard ,"Holbrookearrive~ i~ Euro~e to ~ress anew US diplomatic initiative to endthe Balkan conflict.

, A Bosnian Serb artillery pound .irnpact snear the Merkale market in Sarajevo.The blast kills 37 civilians andwounds 85 others.

The Bosnian Serb Assembly welcomed theUS initiative for the politicalresolution of the Balkan conflict.

NATO forces begin massive air strikesagainst Bosnian Serb targets nearSarajevo, Mostar, Tuzla, Pale, andGorazde.

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30 August

1 September

\ .

UNCLASSIFIED

Bosnian Serb forces shoot down a NATOFrench Mirage 2000 near the Gorazdeenclave. Status of the two pilots isuncertain.

According to press, the five Europeanhumanitarian monitors previouslyreported killed in a NATO bomb arealive but still under capture by Serbforces.

64

UlifCLASSIFIED