CURRENT STATE OF THE WORLD(pre-colonization)

Technology increases Astrolabe – used the sun to figure out direction

and time of day Compass – uses magnet to find the North Latten sails – lets ship sail against the wind Caravel – could carry 130 tons of weight

BARTOLOMEU DIAS - 1488

From Portugal Reached the southern tip of Africa Discovered the Cape of Good Hope

VASCO DA GAMA - 1496

From Portugal Rounded Africa and eventually southwest

India Discovered a water route to Eastern Asia

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS – 1492-1502

From Italy, but Spain backed his voyage Looking for ASIA Found the Caribbean, Hispaniola, Cuba, North

and South America Made people interested in the Americas

because of gold

Line of demarcation – imaginary line that gave Spain control of everything west of the line and Portugal everything east

TREATY OF TORTESILLAS – MOVED THE LINE 1,000 MILES WEST

1. Portugal had right to control route around African to India/a lot of South America to Portugal

2. Spain got to claim America

AMERIGO VESPUCCI – 1499-1504

Retraced steps of Columbus Wrote detailed descriptions of the new land This is how we got our name

JUAN PONCE DE LEON - 1513

From Puerto Rico and looking for the “Fountain of Youth”

Founded and named FLORIDA

VASCO DE BALBOA - 1510

Stow-away from Europe Found the Isthmus of Panama First European to reach the Pacific Coast of

America

FERDINAND MAGELLAN - 1520

From Spain Found the Strait of Magellan First group of men to circumnavigate the

world

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Exchange of living things across the Atlantic Led to the spread of disease

HERNAN CORTEZ - 1519

Sent by Valazquez to find new people to work for the Spanish in Cuba

Conquered Mexico and defeated the Aztec Empire

DIEGO VELAZQUEZ - 1511

From Spain Conquered Cuba Took control of Native American villages,

later destroyed by disease

FRANCISCO PIZARRO - 1572

From Spain Conquers Peru and the Incan Empire Spread rumors of the wealth in Peru

FRANCISCO VASQUEZ DE CORONADO - 1540

From Spain Found the Southwestern U.S. but thought it

was useless

HERNANDO DESOTO - 1540

From Spain Found the Southeastern U.S.

EL CAMINO REEL

Royal Highway from Mexico to California

NORTHWEST PASSAGE

Northern route from North America to the Pacific Ocean (found by France

HERE COME THE BRITISH!

England sent John Cabot to America in 1497 1st trip – landed in Nova Scotia 2nd trip – headed to America but never seen from

again!

When British landed in America shortly after Columbus, they did not claim territory because they didn’t have the money to. They saw no reason to settle and did not want to

anger Spain.

SOAP OPERA?

England’s King Henry VIII wanted a divorce from Catherine (King of Spain’s aunt) The Pope refused

because he did not want to anger Spain

Henry broke from the Catholic Church and declared himself head of the church

Spain and England used to be allies, but England was now largely Protestant and Spain was Catholic (causes tensions)

England was now allied with the Dutch

England’s Queen Elizabeth allowed privateers (privately owned ships licensed by the government) to attack Spanish ships

To successfully attack, they needed a settlement in the Americas

PACKING FOR JAMESTOWN

You will have a trunk for your personal items which can be no larger than 12 inches wide, 10 inches deep and 2 feet long.  It should have a lock to keep it closed even if the ship may be in turbulent weather and the trunk turns upside down!  It must have a handle for carrying on and off the ship!

There are very few detailed records of supplies for the earliest voyages to Jamestown.   Therefore, historians have looked to later voyages, such as those in 1620 and 1622, in order to find any detailed lists of cargo.  Among these were weapons (light armor, muskets, swords), tools (axes, saws, hammers, nails), utensils (dishes, iron kettles, pans), spices (sugar, pepper, ginger), food (salted pork and beef, peas, wheat, oatmeal), garden seeds (carrots, lettuce, garlic), clothing and miscellaneous items (lanterns, candles, and books).  The very first settlers to arrive planned to barter with the native peoples for food; therefore, they must have brought items with them that they surmised would be items the Powatans would desire.