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RICE FIELD DAY

Rice Weed Control K. Al-Khatib A.S. Godar W. Brim-DeForest S. Johnson

California Cooperative Rice Research Foundation, Inc.

United States Department of Agriculture

University of California

August 26, 2015

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Evaluation of Herbicide Programs for Water-Seeded Rice (Continuous Flood)

#

2

Herbicide program

iiM@IMII Granite GR _ Abolish + Regimpnt + UAN + NIS

Rate (per acret

15lb 1.5qt+0.53oz+ 2% +0.2%

Cerano GrantteGR

121b 151b

Abolish+ Regiment+ UAN + NIS I 1.5 qt+ 0.53 oz+ 2% + 0.2%

~no _121b 4 euii. .. :- 1.51b

)Abolish + Regiment+ UAN .+ NIS :'.,' 1.5qt + 0.53 oz+ 2% + 0.2% •

5 I Bolero I 23 lb Regiment + UAN + NIS 0.8 oz + 2% + 0.2%

Boie;,;;: -- ; _ _ __ --,> · 23fb -6 I ,,G_i,i~}i\sc+SuperWham.+

0COC,. '.<'. • 2oz+6qt+ t.25%

7 I Shark Abolish + Regiment + UAN + NIS

8, I Gran1te GR ~Sh•rti - Aboflsb + R~imei\t ct;UAN + NIS

7.5oz 1.5 qt+ 0.53 oz+ 2% + 0.2%

Timing

31sr 51sr

DOS 3 lsr

51sr

DOS 1 lsr 51sr

1 lsr 41sr

1 lsr 5 lsr

",:-" :'41sr _.:. 51sr

Carano Shark

121b I DOS 9 7.5oz

'';'o -

Abolish + Regiment--,_·_-_ u_ AN •_NI£_--• 1.5 qt_._-~--5-3 oz+ 2% ________ :,~:~

I_IMMl·iifii!Hi C. ~·-- --- '? ,'" '·,

1 lsr

51sr

11

h

13

Bolero SuperWham + COC

ceranc(·, SUpeJWJ)em t poc Grantte GR Supe!Wham + COC

14 I RiceEdg1>

15 I RiceEdge

c..rano 16 I Shark-+1.ondax

SUpe!Wham..: coc Cerano

17 I Shark + Halomax

Supe!Wham + coc .GranttaGR + Shad<

1$ I Clincher_ Shark+ Supe!Wham +·COC

l!l C

a ?~

Flooding

~ 01-June

Seeding ,~ , Rice varieg:

M20¥'(; @120 Ill/acre

231b 6 qt+ 1.25%

:-::12lb &qt+\.25%

151b 6qt+ 1.25%

10 lb+ 1.25%

101b+1.25%

121b 7.5 oz+ 1_.66oz

&qt+ t.25% 12 lb

7.5 oz+ 1.33 oz 6qt+1.25%

151b+ 7.5oz 13oz

4oz_+ &qt+ 1.25%

~

1 lsr 1 Til

005', HU

21sr 1 Til

230AS

41DAS

DOS 4 lsr 2Til

DOS 4 lsr

2Til

_4 lsr 1Til '2Til

Granular applic~tion Foliar application

a Al>.

See table See table (left) (left)

Weed Control (% of untreated control; values for untreated control represent % cover by the respective weed species)

~ ~ € .. .. .. : f 2 0, 'lit'

f ~--1-: i ; i .. ~, 1 ~ '~'. Et g ~ ·a:,:,: u>,, a

:1€ o E g :I C -,,

0 . " ::;; ,x:

.. i!

f !

~ §: "' .. " ~ ~' ~ ; ~; "i : ~! ~ () al.a u

~ ~ ~ c5

§: -:! _g g g :;;

e ~1~. =

le: II~

I ~ ls i·· '.t· ; l.~t till!!. E

i ~

~c ~e w' ,,o; . .f 1D" G) aJ_.c. ii ,c. ''Oi

.9 EE :I:"' '·O'. ,ca, ,3 I ix: .Cll:> 0" i:i-. IX'.

- - 20DAS - !I 40DAS 11 SODAS ~ •1••1•1•1••1•1•1•1•1••••1•1•1 90 I 77 I 74 I 66 10011001100 [ 100 89 ll100l100[ 10l> 100! 100

94 I 79 I 74 I 98 1001100 I 100 1100 1001110011001 95 1001100

97 j 100 l 100 I 100 100[..100,-11001100- 10011100 11_001100 I . -. -95-1100,

99 1100 1100 I 95 10019311001100 10011100 I 83 1100 24 1100

99 1.100 1100 I 99 10011001190'1100 100 I Hoo J 100 J 109 1001100

74 1100 1100 I 99 1001100 1100 1100 1001110011001100 1001100

97;;1100 j 1Qq 1 ~6 I\ 1ooj 100[ 1001100J}\jt19ci!l100J 1oot 100 iiiQ[ 100

86 1100 1100 1100 • - 1001100 I 100 1100 I - I 100111001100 I 100 I - I 1001100

El1 1ga 100 I 93 1100 I 95 1001 90 11001100 10011100 I 82 I 100 85 I 100

90 1 '1{110 68 (;-_;. 1001 51 63 [ 100 100 ll 100 ! 85 so I ::!J:1121100

99 I 83 I 81 I 76 1001100 1100 1100 46 II 100l 100l 100 1001 95

96 1100 1100- 10011 96 ! 1001100 92 I 90

81 I 93 I 91 70 1100

94 I 34 45·1, 76- 100110011001100 - I 1ooll 100 I 100;f100 100! 100

93 I 69 I 74 I 88 10011001100 1100 I - I 10011100 1100 I 100 1001100

96J100 I 68 I 78 1001100110011001 ~ 110011100110011001-:' 1-001100

Weed stage/size

Timing Date 2 4 6

Seeding 03-June X X " .x

DOS 04-June

,l'lsr 10-June 1-21 g 21c· x ·

2 lsr 14-June 2.5-31 4.5 I 1" 3-41

31_sr_ 16·June 31 2-31 1-2·· : 3-4!'

4 lsr 19-June 41 3-5 I 2-31 >31 21 g

51sr 25-June SJ 5-.71 2-4" >21 · 2-41

23DAS 26-June 5-61 51 3-4' 2-31 3-41

lTil 01-July 1-2Til 2-3Til >S",c... >2-41- 5-61

2Til 06-July 2-3Til 3Til >10" >61 6-81

410AS 14-July 20-25" >18" f ',\?8,1 >81

Crop Response (0 to 100 scale; evaluated two weeks after application)

1''_applicatioQ

g> :g.

iii

g

! I!! ~ iil

2"" application

~ :s

~ .~

!

C:

1 ~I" C 'C m ,m 3"'application

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j

o I o I o I o II o I o I o I o o I o I o I o

. C! I o L.-0 I o II o I 8 I 3 I o I I I I f

24 I 9 I 9 I o 11 o o I 7 o I 14 I 5 I o

2; I' ;o I #I o II -0 I 4.1 3 [ 4 II o 14 I 3 I o

015512413 01412613

[;;~~, :i6 J 46 l 3 II 0f-

1· J:~ 17 IP-

o I 10 I 15 I o 11 o I o 0

o_ :I o I o I ;o,j.j< o ··1·._,_,_-_11 I 1 ~{," ' ·. ,~,, ; ·::y

25 I 10 I 16 I o 11 o I o I 5 I 2 o I 2 0

o I o I o .r <!:fl o I o I o I oc!V:o I o ./ o 1- o,

o I 73 I 58 I 4 11 o I 4 I 21 I 3

24 I s I s I o II o 'I :o I o [; 1

0.1. 0 L~ I O II O I O I 0

o' - . 0:1 2 ....}?

0

30 I 11 I 6 I O II O I O I O I 4 JI O [ _3 I O I (l

25 I 10 I 11 I o 11 o I o I o I 3 o I o I o I o

01)J.-010 6_ 0 2' 0 6 I 1 5

Temperature (0 F) Wind speed RH water depth

Water Air (mph) (%) Onches)

surface ... 86 90 4

-.:~3 __ 87 4

69 76 4

~11,· . 82 4

n s2 <1 44 2-3

79. 90 4 52 2-3

87 95 3.8 39 2-3

80 81··- ,<2 37. ,2-3

76 85 3.5 51 3-4

.75 /79 . 3.1 0:48 -3-4

Abbreviations: DOS = day of seeding rie; DAS, days aft.er seeding rice; lsr = leaf stage of rice, Til = tiller of rice • I = leaf stage; f = flowering: g = genninating, x = not present: - = not recorded •

# Herbicide program Rate (per acre) Timing

11+;;;;;.;;;;;.11 4• i .Butte 7.Sil>" I' 1 lsr

5 I Butte 91b

6 , Butte,' -;,. i ):it:-'.. I.Sib l,_Grandsl_._.: a ___ n __ cl ____ + ___ S\ll)e!Wham_+COC'. ·f 60Z+6q!+1.25% ............ -·····················---

Butte Granite SC + coc

n .esa112 1!!'l&•e.2<w 7• 5 V.D . 2.8oz+1.25%

-fP@Wli 1 O I GWN-9796 + 5andea 57oz+1oz

1 lsr

1 lsr 1111

1 lsr 1TII

1 lsr

COC = Crop oil concentrate. Concentration of COC was based on % v /v @20 gallons per acre spray volume.

'r ~

Flooding

~ 01-June

Seeding

1l , RiceM';"ofG'' @120 lb/acre

Granular application Foliar application

• ~

See table See table (left) (left)

Evaluation of A New Rice Herbicide (Butte®) [Continuous Flood]


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,__"C - ~ <Q CD '3 "-'t:J - CG U) e> 'S ._-o - , ·a, . (0 l! j o E i ~ ~ 5 i ·g E 1 -~ i I I c,,i, ·e g= ffJ 'fi ', cQJ flS _!! c= a, "fi a, 3,: 3!:, ,i;::=" aJ 'fi ep

1a!· i g, I : 8 1i~ ~ g g (D 1;., iil ~ g;:. --~ E;£ ::i 0<-> Gt -= - EE :::, o a, 1ii .Y:_.-.-EE :,- ,.g_.<,-/IID.: .0·::," C ~ 'Ir .:J 0::: (I):, 0 ~ er: ....1 o;"·: 0::, 0 .-:),:.;~;:·;

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I .. if

r I " 3:. I !'.: 11 -1, '""

20:0AS·. 40 DAS 600AS

100 1p9 i1l!O 100 - ;.:_{ -~--· 100 100 <9,7 : ·~- 97 I 100 I 100 I ~•':"! 100 I 1a.· 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 97 100 99 I 100 I 100 100 I 78

1.00 l 100 I 100 I 100 il)O I 100 j 100 j 100J '10&" 99 H.oo lJo,9 I I-: 1100 1 too

100 I 100 I 100 I 100 100 I 100 I 100 I 100 I 100 99 1100 I 100 100 I 84

•1•J•1•1•i•11•1•1•111111r•11•-•1•• 100 I 100 I 100 I 100 98 I 100 I 100 I 100 I 99 96 1100 I 100 100 I 73

g>

I iii

Crop Response (O 10 100 scale; two weeks after applica1ion)

I &i

i ¥ ~ c\!J

~ £ :;; 5

g>

J ,,.. i m

C .2

I I!!

" C

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2-· :,. c' ic £ O{

I 1" application Ir 2"'ap~(lia\ion I 0 0 0 0

0 1 .o l:3

0 0 L 0 ·1 o.

0 2 2 0

q~TtJ:&91 010 If o,;f 0.1 o I o 0 0 0

Tempera1ure ('F) Wind speed RH water depth

Weed stage/size (mph) (%) (inches) Wa1er Air

Timing Da1e 1 2 3 4 5 6 surface

Seeding OJ.June X X X X J, ,' x', ,X ~- - - - 4

1 lsr 10-June - 1-21 g 21 X X 83 87 -- - 4

1111 01.July 1..ZTII 1-3Ttl 5-61' f ·>61 ¥T 82 ....... 89 1 3fi 2-3"

Abbreviations: lsr = leaf stage of rice, Til = tiller of rice * I = leaf stage; f = flowering; g = germinating, x = not present; - = not recorded

•

l/l

g

• ,, i,-

Flooding

'l,

Ol·June

Evaluation of A New Rice Herbicide (Strada®) [Continuous Flood]

# Herbicide program Rate (per acre) Timing

IIIIIF.lififflillll 21 eerano 1011> DOS

SUpeM/l;,am_ + CCC I c 6 qt+ 1.25% 33DAS

31 Cerano 101b DOS Supel'Wham + Strada + COC 6qt+2.1oz+1.25% 330AS

C Ceratib /', C / 101b 005 4 j Sharf<+ ~da + NIS 4rjz.;+2:1-oz:i':o.2~ 3306!> ~

COC = Crop oil concentrate; NIS = Non-ionic surfactant. Concentration of COC and NIS was based on% v/v @20 gallons per acre spray volume.

~


§; €

§; € .. t i t l! !l, € @: ..

€ @: "' e> :El ~ ... .. e> il ~ ...

~ ii ~ ·c I! ]l .. 3! 0 .. ... _g 1ii ai g 1ii ~I ;, I t·i ~

;, i I g $ C ! ~ .3 EE ::, 0 EE 0

"' fl):, a ::; .J "' Cl):, 0 ::;

20DA$ SODAS

• • Ill • II • .. • • • 90 ·o 0 71 - 98 98 100 - :75-

92 0 0 74 - 100 98 100 - 92

oo I D'· i> 77 - ,1_00 · .. JlS.·· 85 - so'

Weed stage/size

Timing Date 1 2 3 4 5

Seeding 03-June X X X X X

DOS 04-June X X X X X

33DAS 08-July 21il 1-3Til · 2-3Td 2•3Td .. >61

Crop Response (0 to 100 scale; two weeks after application)

~ t u <!' ,s .. ::,

~ ::, .., "' e £ I "' 12"

i C .., ~ ~ 'E ~ ijj ~ " ijj !l iii iii "' 182 application 2"'appfti,alion

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 18 5 0 0 0 0

15 11 1 0 0 2 0

12 13 ·?3 91: 0 a ;;.o

Temperature (°F) Wind speed RH

Water Air (mph) (%)

surface

- - -86 90 - --75 80 3.5 5-3

Seeding Granular application Foliar application Abbreviations: DOS = day of seeding lie; DAS, days aft.er seeding rice;Til = tiller of rice ,~ • A • 1 = leaf stage; f = flowering; g = germinating, x = not present , Rice var,,: See table See table

M20 (left) (left) @120 lb/acre

<!' ::, c'

j

0

2

9

6

Water depth (inches)

4

4 3-4

•

Evaluation of Herbicide Programs for Water-Seeded Rice

[Pinpoint Flood]

# I Herbicide program

''*'*'' 2 I RiceEdge 3 I RiceEdge

4 ;:,:,•(·t Granilef!f: ;··

Rate (per acre)

10.lb

101b

1'3 oz :+-2. oi ,. , ,'..<.:';'4.~'

Timing

23DAS

41 DAS

Abolish'+ Regim,;nf ~ VAN+ .N1f •·· •. 1.sq1+0.53oz:•~+o.2%

ca,.,: i41.sr, 5Jsr.

SuperWham + COC

1 I Clil.'C"•r+ StiperWham + coc·

9

11

12

Regiment + UAN + NIS Clincher + SUperWham + coc

MMM·Mil,~~ Granite SC Clincher + Superwham + COC

Abolish + SuperWham + COC Granite SC t C()9

6 qt+ 1.25% 1Til

,, ')3 oz+.~<!!'+ 125% 4 lsr

0.67 oz+ 2% + 0.2% 13oz+6qt+ 1.25%

2oz 13 oz+ 6 qt+ 1.25%

1.5qt + 4qt+ \.25%· 2.eoz+2.5%

41ST 1 Til

31sr 1Til

4 lsr nn

COC = Crop oil concentrate; NIS = Non-ionic surfactant; UAN = Urea ammonium nitrate. Concentration of all these adjuvants was based on % v /v @20 gallons per acre spray volume.

,, ~-

Flooding

~ 01-June

Seeding

,i , Rice variety:

M206 @120 lb/acre

~ ~ 0 0

Foliar application

A Re-flooding

22-June

'-----/ Draining 16-June

Weed Control (% of untreated controQ

(values for untreated control represent % cover by the respective weed species)

§; ~ ,:. e € ~ ~

~ 2 .. 1'J e;f 2 ~ ~.· € §: "' §: l! §: !!!, s e> Q.

;; ~ al .. € e> i',,~' -~i ~' .c .... 1il ,: 1il ~ 0

~.!! ~ ·o l;

! 'ii _g E ]t i o.!!! 'ii ;8 E ;, g> l§! .::! 8 * ;, ~ 'ii' 1·1 ~ * ~

.. ,. 6 .,,

~ " .,, 1!. EE g

~ 1!. .!,! EE 6 0 ~ (/) (/):, 0 :. (/) "' (I):, . :.

.. 40DAS SODAS. ·,, · .... ,·.,.' - •••• ss I - l 94 1100 I - I - I - 94 0 100 80 - 0 80

64140198192 - 0 97

1001 - Hbo )00 100 100 100

98 - 99 100 60 97 0 100 100 - 0 100

100 - 98 100 ;:w: 100 .96 - .:.Ci' · 97

99 - 93 100 100 - - 100 90 100 78 0 77 - lfllltaa 100 991991100 100 I 66 I 96 I 79 o I 77

100 1001100 I 80 95190198199 o I 97

weed s1age/size

Timing Date 1 2 3 4 5 6

Seeding 03-Jtlne X X X X X X

31sr 18-June 2-2.51 - 3-41 1-2" 2-31 X

4lsr 20,Jllne 3-41 - 4-51 2-3" 4-51 2-31 ·

5 lsr 24-June 41 2-31 51 3-4" «l I 2-41

23DAS 26;-June 5-61 3-41 5-61 4-o" J 4-51

1 Til 01-July 1-2Til 1-2Til 1-2Til 5-61 f >61

. 41DAS 14-July 20" 3-4Td f 18" I >BJ

Abbreviations: DAS, days after seeding rice; lsr = leaf stage of rice, Til = tiller of rice * I = leaf stage; f = flowering; g = germinating, x = not present; -· = not recorded


cc cc 6 'ff 0

g g :, ·2' 2, 2,

"' :, "' .,, :, ~ ''o, .,,

" O),' ¥ C :s C g, I!! c I!! :ii, !, l-' -g :;; i 'E ~ :;; ii ~ " :;; ,:. 5

'" C a 5 &! ~ m 5 j! ~ bi ~ i a; ID

··1,". application 2"' application 3"' application

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 o .. ,co, \i 0 0 0 2

0. 0 0 s 11;:f o

0 a· 0 5 0 o··

~,~1 7 1~1::1 0 5 0 2 II o I 2 4

O:! 9 0 0 11:0 f O 1 0 O.fl .0 J' Q O I .!I.

0 4 I o 4 0 0 o I 4

0 ol, ·\> 0. 0 1 .I 2

Temperature rfl Wind speed RH Water depth

Water Air (mph) (%) (inches)

7 surface

X - -- - - 4

- 74 4 51 0

- - 65 3 44 0

g 79 BO 1 49 3

g .: 87; .95 3.8 39 3.5

4-51 82 89 1 35 3

11-101 75 79 3.1 48 3

•

ai §

ai g ~> ~[ C: V,

E" :, -ex ~-Ea. .... n, C

~! II a,

~2 :::,© .. > ~--C: > t!1 ~c: :, 0 .,,.,, u <II c~ .Q .D

~; ~ i< u 2

UI c: .. \l! z:, ... =o J!! .. ~ Ii C:.c: g~ 0 .. u-=o 0 C: c..Q o~ ui II i uu 05 uu

Evaluation of Herbicide Programs for Dry-Seeded Rice (Drill-Seeded)

I # I Herbicide program I Rate (per acre) I Timing

1 iliM~Wil 2 Prowl 2 pt OPRE

3 Abolish 1.5qt DPRE

·4 Prowl 2 pt OPRE Supe!Wham + COC 6qt+1.25% 3.5lsr

5 Abolish 1.5qt DPRE Superwham + COC 6 qt+ 1.25% 3.51sr

e· Prowl''··· '. ;tpl' OPRE. .: aas\ig~ + ~pe!Wham + COC ··\: , :::2p!Hqt+125~\ rv;s 3.51Sf

7 Halomax + Prowl 1.33oz+ 2pt DPRE

j8 CHMMMMIN c ... ,,,, -- :c<.~i:'.;,r>~ ;.>~r' ··+, I·,.,:.;,·, + 9 Prowl 2 pt DPRE

Abolish + Regiment + UAN + NIS 1.5 qt+ 0.53 oz+ 2% + 0.2% 51sr

Abolish i:sqi. OPRE 10 . Aporish + Regiment' .•'.!JAN .. + 1'11,S 1.5qt+0.53oz• 2%.+ 0.2% 51sr

Abolish 1.5 qt DPRE 11 Clincher + Granite SC + Prowl + COC 15 oz+ 2oz+ 2pt + 2.5% 2.51sr

Shal1< 4 oz 41st

Prowl 2pt OPRE 12 Clincher+ Granite SC+ Prowl:+ coc 15oz+2oz+ 2pt +2.5% 2.51sr

Shalt< 4oz ,41sr

Abolish 1.5qt DPRE 13 Clincher + Prowl + SuperWham + CCC 13 oz+ 2pt +4qt +2.5% 3.51sr

Shal1< 4oz 4 lsr

Prowl 2pt DPRE 14 Clinche( + Prowl+ Supef'Wham_ + coc 13 oz+ 2pt+4qt + 2.5% 3.51sr

$ha(f( 4oz 41st

OPRE 15 Abolish 1.5qt Basagran + SuperWham + Coe 2pt+4'qt+1.25% 4 lsr

16 ''***'' ~

r A

Drill DPRE or Foliar seeding Flushing application Permanent flooding

11111 ~ A D 29-May 02-June See table 21-June

Rice variety: OB-June (left) M206 13-June

@120 lb/acre 18-June

Weed Control (% of untreated controO

(values for untreated control represent % cover by the respective weed spedes)

i I I - § ~ $ ~ a, ... a, ... (tic .... t !.5: i !@ i ie ,S ~& -~ ~& i ~& is E°ll is E°ll is E" lO ~ UJ "'"' tu 0i

20 OAS 40 OAS f!O OAS

•••••• 59 29 62 31 53 11 r---t---1 - - ,---,---,

42 91 44 100 43 100 -,........- ,........-~ f---,--,

M 89 '88 100 94 100 -1--- 1--- ...'...-....... f---,~-,

88 96 85 100 92 100

,"i---,--=~

1~ 94 8s< 100 89 100 f-''-'-f-----1 ~~ f-'-,--,

74 94 74 100 78 97

•••••• 51 19 95 98 96 100

f--,-- ...............

'\3 90 96 100 100 100

76 93 86 100 96 100

f-'-f-'-1 >-- - f-'-,--,

81 83 87 100 92 96

90 96 99 100 100 100 -~ 85 88 98 100 100 96

61 97 92 100 91 100

••••••


C: C: C:

~ ~ f ~

~ :i "I ~ f ~ ~

:, ~ ~ E a ~ :S ~ a ·,g

'l! A

g 'g 'C

~ ti

i ~ l;; .. C: C:

i £ ~: i .,. ii5 i!l i!l 5 Ill

1,•a~c:ation t" application 3-mapplication

0 0 0 0 o I o I o I o o I o I o I o 0 2 0 0 -0 2 0 0

0 1 0 0 o. I ·2 I '2. + 2

-0 2 0 0 0

.. 1: 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1w.i-0 2 0 0

01:~, 0 o: ' 9 o. 1··,. ,: ·: o J o o o I o.

0 0 1 0 2

-r---;-;-

: : : ~: : ,,'~I 2 j O 13 lff. 8 0 12 0 10

0 114 Ml1, ,,, ~' 9

0 0 0 8 1 11 0

012[0 o DI s I 1 I 12 11 o , I 11 I o I 8

: I : I : I : I! : I ~ I : I : II : I : I : I : I

Weed stage/size Temperature ('F) Wind speed RH water depth

Soil (mph) (%) Air Timing Date 1 2 surface

Seeding ZS.May X X - - - - diy

OPRE 03-June X X 76 85 3.2 34 moist

2.51sr 14-June 2.5-31 1· .67 68 3.3· 59 moist

3.5 lsr 17.June 3-3.51 1-1.5" 75 74 1.8 61 moist

41sr 1~une 4-5.1 1·2" 74 76 4 49· moist

5 lsr 22-June 4-61 4-61 66 68 3.1 57 3-4"

*I= leaf stage; f = flowering: g = germinating, x = not present; - = not recorded

Echinochloa species

1- Barnyardgrass 2- Early watergrass

};; Late watergrass

•

(

RJ E Wednesday, August 26, 2015

Dealing with the Drought

California Cooperative Rice Research Foundation, Inc. University of California

United States Department of Agriculture Cooperating

Rice Experiment Station , P.O. Box 306, Biggs, CA 95917-0306

Rice Weed Control: Herbicide Programs, New Chemicals, and Weed Management (K. Al-Khatib, A.S. Godar, W. Brim-DeForest, J.R. Stogsdill, R. Pedroso, M.F. Galla, B.A. Linquist, L. Espino and R.G. Mutters, UCD and UCCE)

The UC Rice Weed Research Program at the Hamilton road site at the Rice Experiment Station, Biggs, CA includes the performance testing of herbicides, and their mixtures and sequential combinations for the common rice growing systems in California (continuous flood, pinpoint flood, and drill-seeded rice systems). We have also continued testing new products primarily aimed at assisting the rice industry in the registration of new herbicides as options become available. Our efforts seek to assist California rice growers in achieving economic and timely broad-spectrum weed control, preventing and managing issues of evolved herbicide-resistant weeds, and complying with personal and environmental safety requirements.

Here we highlight results from our 2015 field operation for the major rice growing systems used in California. Herbicide program efficacy comments presented here primarily reflect the average visual ratings of four replicates for major weed species approximately 40 days after seeding (DAS) of rice which covers the critical period of competition (30 days). Crop response (stand reduction, stunting and other injury to rice) has also been highlighted wherever relevant.

Continuously-Flooded Rice This system promotes suppression of certain weeds such as barnyardgrass and sprangletop. These two weeds would otherwise be dominant in dry-seeded systems. After seeding rice into a flooded field, a water depth of 4 inches is maintained throughout the season. When late post-emergence foliar applications are needed, water depth is lowered to expose about two-thirds of weed foliage to the herbicide spray, but fields are never completely drained. This year, watergrass (early and late) were the predominant weeds, followed by ducksalad, ricefield bulrush, smallflower umbrella sedge, redstem and sprangletop. All weeds evaluated in our program are susceptible to rice herbicides registered in California, but we discuss and give weed management options for fields with population(s) of resistant weed species.

For this system, several granular into-the-water herbicide products are available for controlling weeds in rice including Bolero, Cerano, Granite, Halomax, Londax, and Shark H20. These herbicides can be

applied early to provide good to excellent control of labelled (target) weeds. As they vary in their target weeds (spectrum of weed control), it is useful to combine two of these herbicides in a program to offer broad spectrum weed control.

POST-applied (foliar) herbicides are often necessary to achieve excellent weed control in rice. The follow-up POST application of herbicides not only extend spectrum of weed control, but also may. help delay and/or manage herbicide-resistant weeds through overlapping activity on the same target weed species. Thus, the choice of POST-applied herbicides is primarily dictated by composition of weed species and the presence or absence of resistant weeds. The rice herbicide options for the foliar application include Abolish, Clincher, Granite SC, Regiment, RiceEdge, Shark H20, SuperWham or Stam, Halomax and Londax.

All Bolero-based programs, with Bolero applied at the 1 leaf stage of rice Osr) offered excellent control (100%) of watergrass, sprangletop and smallflower umbrella sedge. Inclusion of SuperWham at 6 qt/A + 1.25% v/v Crop Oil Concentrate (COC) at 1-tiller stage or Regiment (0.8 oz/A + 2% v/v UAN + 0.2% v/v NIS at 4 lsr) in this program improved (>90%) control of ducksalad; however, neither of these two programs provided more than 85% control of ricefield bulrush. A tank-mix of Granite SC (2 oz/A) and SuperWham (6 qt/A + 1.25% v/v COC) applied at 4 lsr maximized (100% control) the control of ricefield bulrush. Although Bolero-based programs offer excellent control of grasses and ALS- and propanil-resistant smallflower umbrella sedge, a substantial level of stand reduction of rice is observed.

Cerano applied at the day of seeding (DOS) provided good control of watergrass and sprangletop (>90% control) 20 days after seeding (DAS). A foliar application of SuperWham (6 qt/A + 1.25% v/v COC) at 1-tiller stage following Cerano was exceptionally effective in controlling watergrass (100% control), however, the control of ricefield bulrush and smallflower umbrella sedge was poor (<75% control) 40 DAS. Cerano supplemented with a granular application of Shark H20 (7.5 oz/A) with Londax (1.66 oz/A) or Halomax (1.33 oz/A) at 3 lsr and followed by a foliar application of SuperWham (6 qt/A+ 1.25% v/v COC) at 2-tiller stage provided complete control of all ;he weed species. An alternative to this program with similar efficacy was Cerano followed by Granite GR (15 lb/A) at 3 lsr followed by a tankmix foliar application of Abolish (1.5 qt/A) + Regiment (0.53 oz/A) with 2% v/v UAN and 0.2% v/v NIS at 5 lsr.

Granite GR (15 lb/A at 2-3 lsr) offers a broader spectrum of weed control (including ducksalad and . ricefield bulrush) compared to Bolero and Cerano; however, it lacks efficacy on sprangletop and redstem control. While a follow-up foliar application of SuperWham (6 qt/A + 1.25% v/v COC at 1-tiller stage) alone offers overlapping control of some weed species and help controlling certain ALSresistant weeds, it does not control sprangletop and redstem. Granite followed by a tank-mix application of Abolish (1.5 qt/A) + Regiment (0.53 oz/A) + UAN (2% v/v) + NIS (0.2 % v/v) at 5 lsr provided 100% control of sprangletop. An addition of Shark H20 (0.53 oz/IA at 2.5 lsr) on top of this program maximized the overall weed control (100% control of all the weed species including redstem).

The Shark H20- based programs offer control of ALS- and propanilresistant sedges (ricefield bulrush and smallflower umbrella sedge) and the Bolero-based programs offer control of ALS- and propanil resistant smallflower umbrella sedge. Programs with a follow-up application of a tank mix of Abolish (1.5 qt/A) + Regiment (0.53 oz/A) + 2% v/v UAN + 0.2% v/v NIS at 5 lsr offer control of multipleresistant watergrass escapes. Another option is to use Regiment at the highest label rate (0.8 oz/A) with 2% v/v UAN + 0.2% v/v NIS at the 4 lsr. For Clincher-resistant sprangletop, a program with granular application of Cerano (DOS) or Bolero (1 lsr), followed by a foliar application of Abolish at 5 lsr is recommended. For Ceranoresistant sprangletop, Bolero applied at the 1 lsr, followed by a foliar application of Clincher (at the 3-4 lsr) is recommended.

Pinpoint Flood In this system the field is completely drained during the period of foliar application of herbicide (at about the 2-4 leaf stage of rice). The complete drainage of the field is intended to expose weed foliage to herbicide applications, thus allowing the opportunity to achieve the best efficacy of POST herbicides. Weeds present in this system were (in order of relative density) ricefield bulrush, ducksalad, watergrass (early and late), smallflower umbrella sedge, redstem, and sprangletop.

The SuperWham-only (6 qt/A + 1.25% v/v COC at 4 lsr tol-tiller stage) application was excellent in controlling (97% or more) watergrass, ricefield bulrush and smallflower umbrella sedge. SuperWham when tank-mixed with Clincher (6 qt/A + 13 oz/A + 2.5% v/v COC at 4 lsr) was effective in controlling both watergrass and sprangletop.

A tank-mix application of Clincher (13 oz/A) and Granite SC (2 oz/A) with 2% v/v COC at 3 lsr provided excellent (>99%) control of all

weeds including ducksalad within a week after treatment. With two follow-up applications of Shark H20 (4 oz/A) at 4 lsr and Abolish + Regiment (1.5 qt/A+ 0.53 oz/A + 2 % v/v UAN + 0.2% v/v NIS) at 5 lsr the overall efficacy of this program was excellent (100% control of all weeds). Addition of Shark H20 to the weed management program offers improved efficacy including control of ALS-inhibitor- and/or propanil-resistant sedges; whereas the tank- mix application of Regiment + Abolish provokes synergism on watergrass control and also helps in controlling multiple herbicide-resistant watergrass. This program offers an excellent 'reactive' as well as 'preventive' herbicideresistant weed management in rice.

A single application of three-way tank-mix of Clincher (13 oz/A), Granite SC, (2 oz/A), Abolish, (1.5 qt/A) with 2.5% v/v COC applied at 2-3 lsr provided 100% control of watergrass and sprangletop, and an excellent control of ducksalad, ricefield bulrush, smallflower umbrella sedge. This program will not control certain ALS-inhibitor-resistant ricefield bulrush and thiobencarb-resistant watergrass populations; however, it is a good alternative for fields with ACCase-resistant (Clincher-resistant) sprangletop populations. Similar results were obtained when Regiment (0.67oz/A + 2% v/v UAN + 0.2% v/v NIS) or Granite SC (2 oz/A + 2.5% v/v COC) were applied at 3-4 lsr followed by tank mix of SuperWham + Clincher (6 qt/A + 13 oz /A + 2.5% v/v COC) at I-tiller stage.

An excellent control of watergrass, sprangletop and ricefield bulrush, and smallflower umbrella sedge (>98%) were achieved by Clincher (13 oz/A + 2.5% v/v COC) alone at 3-4 lsr followed by a tank mix of SuperWham + Grandstand (6 qt/A+ 8 oz/A+ 1.25% v/v COC) at 1 ttiller stage or Abolish+ SuperWham (1.5 qt/A+ 6 qt/A 1.25% v/v COC) at 3-4 lsr followed by Granite SC (2.8 oz/A+ 2.5% v/v COC) alone at 1-tiller stage. Grandstand effectively controls ricefield bulrush and redstem, and it is particularly useful when the field has herbicideresistant populations of these weeds. Abolish is a better choice than Grandstand when ducksalad is predominant in the field.

Drill-Seeded Rice Typically a period of three to four weeks elapses between the first flush and permanent flooding in drill-seeded rice system. This period offers flexibility for herbicide use when proximity to sensitive c:i.rops imposes restrictions to aerial applications. During this period weeds adapted to dryland seedbeds such as barnyardgrass, sprangletop, watergrass and smallflower umbrella sedge become established, whereas aquatic weeds such as ricefield bulrush, ducksalad, and redstem are less favored or eliminated. Thus, this system when alternated with the water-seeded system may be useful for reducing

aquatic weed pressure in water-seeded system, and vice versa. Weeds present in this system were the Eckinochloa complex (early and late watergrass, and barnyardgrass), and smallflower umbrella sedge and sprangletop.

Abolish and Prowl are valuable residual herbicides which provide early weed control up to the start of permanent flood. Both herbicides suppress watergrass and barnyardgrass; however Abolish is more active on smallflower umbrella sedge than Prowl. Regular flushing before permanent flood activates these herbicides and also helps in the establishment of rice. For a delayed pre-emergence application (DPRE) of these herbicides, the rice seed is first drilled into dry soil, the field is then flushed once and then an herbicide is applied onto a moist soil surface. As these pre-emergent herbicides do not provide complete control of weeds, one or two foliar applications of herbicides/herbicide mixtures on emerged weeds are necessary.

The DPRE application of Prowl (2 pt/A) provided 62% control of Echinochloa species and 31% control of smallflower umbrella sedge. Abolish (1.5 qt/A) was less effective on Echinochloa species (43% control) than Prowl; however it was exceptionally effective in controlling smallflower umbrella sedge (99 to 100% control).

All the foliar applications (described later) that followed DPRE application of Prowl provided excellent control of smallflower umbrella sedge (98 to 100% control), thus, providing flexibility in the herbicide program for controlling herbicide-resistant biotypes of this weed.

A foliar application of SuperWham (6 qt/A 2% v/v COC) alone following the DPRE Abolish or Prowl application improved control of Echinochloa species (85 to 90%) compared to its control by DPRE applications alone; however, the control was still not adequate. The DPRE application followed by a tank-mix of Abolish+ Regiment (1.5 qt/A + 0.53 oz/A + 2.0% v/v UAN + 0.2% v/v NIS) at 5 lsr greatly improved Echinochloa control (>97 %). Two foliar applications of Prowl+ SuperWham + Clincher (2 pt/A+ 4 qt/A+ 13 oz/A+ 2.5% v/v COC) at 3 lsr and Shark H20 (4 oz/A) at 4 lsr following the DPRE application provided excellent control (98 to 100%) of Echinochloa species. In this program, the second application of Prowl suppresses Echinochloa emergence for extended period whereas the tank-mix application of SuperWham and Clincher provide overlapping efficacy on emerged barnyardgrass and watergrass. Shark H20 supplements SuperWham for controlling smallflower umbrella sedge (including propanil-resistant biotypes). This is an intensive program for controlling Echinochloa and sedges, thus, it is particularly suitable

for controlling herbicide-resistant populations of grasses and sedges. Similar levels of weed control may be achieved without Shark H20 when Abolish is used as a DPRE application, and Echinochloa and smallflower umbrella sedge are susceptible. Use of Abolish and Prowl in alternate years will add to delaying evolution of resistant Echinochloa species.

New Weed Management Products

RiceEdge® RiceEdge® is a dry flowable mixture of propanil and halosulfuron product delivered by RiceCo, LLC, CA. The herbicide was tested under a continuous flood and a pinpoint flood (drained for one week at the 3-4 lsr). In both trials, it was applied at the highest label rate of 10 lb/A with 1.25% v/v COC at 20 DAS. RiceEdge® provided excellent control (>95%) of watergrass, ricefield bulrush, and smallflower umbrella sedge in both systems. Ducksalad control was often poor (<50%) with this herbicide product.

Butte® Butte® is a granular mixture of benzobicyclon and halosulfuron product developed by Gowan. The benzobiclyclon component of Butte® adds a new mode of action (HPPD-inhibitor) to the herbicide programs in water-seeded rice.

Butte® was tested under a continuous flood system with two rates of application, both alone and in a program. An early POST application of Butte® at 7.5 lb/A rate or a slightly higher rate (9 lb/A) at 1 lsr (7 days after seeding) provided excellent control (>98%) of all weeds including watergrass, ricefield bulrush, smallflower umbrella sedge, ducksalad, and monochoria. These applications provided a broad spectrum of weed control and offered an exceptional level of crop safety. A follow-up application (at I-tiller stage) of SuperWhani + Grandstand (6 pt/A + 6 oz/A + 1.25% v/v COC), Granite SC (2.8 oz/A + 1.25% v/v COC), or Regiment (0.67 oz/A + 2.0% v/v VAN + 0.2% v/v NIS) provided exceptional control (100% control of all weeds including redstem 40 DAS). While stand-alone application of Butte® offers excellent weed control in water-seeded rice, a follow-up application ·or an inclusion of a partner granular herbicide (for example Cerano) will maximize the spectrum of weed control.

Strada® Strada® is a granular formulation of orthosulfamuron (an ALSinhibiting herbicide) developed by Nichino America. Efficacy of Strada® was tested under a continuous flood in a Cerano-based program in a tank mix with SuperWham or Shark H20 applied at 35

days after seeding (approximately at 2-tiller stage of rice). Cerano (10 lb/A at DOS) followed by a tank. mix of Strada (2.1 oz/A) with SuperWham (6 qt/A+ 1% v/v COC) or Shark H20 (4 oz/A+ 0.25% v/v NIS) provided a very good control of watergrass (>95%) and a fair control of ricefield bulrush (>80%). Smallflower umbrella sedge control was much better (>95%) with the program containing SuperWham than that containing Shark H20 (<50%).

Weed Management The evolution of herbicide resistance in major weed species of California rice, including Cyperus difformis L. (smallflower umbrella sedge) and Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss Qate watergrass), has necessitated the search for alternative management options, including alternate herbicide modes of action and tillage practices in conjunction with the use of a stale seedbed. In addition to the prevailing water seeding and continuous flooding in rice, reduced irrigation schemes are being explored for water conservation, which is expected to alter the usual weed recruitment patterns.

Weed Germination, Emergence and Growth Models: To establish appropriate timing of weed control interventions under variable field conditions, it is necessary to be able to predict the dynamics of weed germination and emergence under those conditions. The population-based threshold models (PBTM) combine information about irrigation method and soil temperature to provide speciesspecific emergence and growth curves, allowing growers to better time application of herbicides and manage weeds using cultural controls. Our updated model and validation work for C. difformis and E. phyllopogon are in their final stages, and publications on the fieldvalidated models are expected within the next year.

Weed Population Dynamics in Alternative Irrigation Systems Due to looming water resource issues in California, we have also been evaluating the dynamics of weed emergence in alternative irrigation systems. Since 2013, we have been evaluating three systems: i) Water-Seeded Alternate Wet and Dry (WS-AWD): flooded for initial seeding by air, and until canopy closure of the rice, subsequently allowed to drain and then flushed again when Volumetric Water Content (VWC) reached 35%; ii) Drill-Seeded Alternate Wet and Dry (DS-A WD): drill-seeded, then flushed again when VWC reached 35%; and iii) Water-Seeded Conventional (WS-Control): permanent flood of 10-15 cm, which was maintained until the field was drained approximately one month prior to harvest. Evaluations of weed dynamics in these systems are in their final stages, and publications are expected in the near future.

Herbicides used and their active ingredient Herbicide % ai lb ai/gal

Abolish SEC (thiobencarb) Bolero Ultramax (thiobencarb) Butte (benzobicyclon + halosulfuron) Cerano 5 MEG (clomazone) Clincher CA (cyhalofop-butyl) Grandstand (triclopyr) Granite GR (penoxsulam) Granite SC (penoxsulam) Halomax 75 (halosulfuron) Londax (bensulfuron-methyl) Prowl H20 (pendimethalin) Regiment (bispyribac-sodium) RiceEdge (propanil + halosulfuron) Sandea (halosulfuron) Shark H20 (carfentrazone) Strada CA (orthosulfamuron) SuperWham! CA (propanil)

84 8.0 15 NA 3+0.64 NA 5 NA 29.6 2.4 44.4 3.0 0.24 NA 24 2.0 75 NA 60 NA 42.6 3.8 80 NA 60+0.64 NA 75 NA 40 NA 50 NA 41.2 4.0

Kassim Al-Khatib, Professor, Department of Plant Sciences, UCD; Amar S. Godar, SRA III, UCD; Whitney Brim-DeForest, PhD Student, UCD; J. Ray Stogsdill, SRA II, UCD; Rafael Pedroso, PhD Student, UCD; Mariano F. Galla, PhD Student, UCD; Bruce A. Linquist, Cooperative Extension Specialist, UCCE; Luis Espino, Farm Advisor, Colusa-Glenn-Yolo Co., UCCE; R.G. Mutters, Farm Advisor, Butte Co., UCCE

c: rice field day rice field day... · rice field day rice weed control k. al-khatib a.s. godar w....

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