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C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Potentially Polluting Wrecks (PPW) UK Risk Database & it’s Applications
Nicola GoodwynABPmer, Southampton, [email protected]
Tuesday June 7th 2011- WOW II Conference, MD, USA
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Overview
• ABPmer- Who Are We?
• UK Potentially Polluting Wrecks Threat Classification Database
• Results
• Case Studies & Applications
• Further Work
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
ABPmer –Who Are We?
Leading UK Marine Environmental Consultancy
Extensive track record in leading & contributing to environmental studies across a wide range of industries
Work for Private and Public sectors, Ports, Coastal Management, Industry, Policy & Planning and Energy
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Risks of PPW
• Human Safety
• Damage to Marine & Coastal Environment
• Hazard to Navigation
• High Economic Clean-up Costs
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Worst Case Scenarios-Torrey Canyon
• picture
Images courtesy of bbc.co.uk
1967
2010
Images courtesy of guardian.co.uk
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
UK Scale of the PPW Problem• 25,000+ Recorded Wrecks & Obstructions around UK
• ca. 50% of identified‘Live’vessels are WWI/WWII
•37% Dead or Lifted/Salvaged
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Project Overview
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
• Overall Aim: To create a database which classified shipwrecks in UK waters as high, medium, or low risk potential pollutants
• Funders:Maritime Coastguard Agency (MCA) &Ministry of Defence (MoD)
• Phases: 1:Information Availability and Possible Pollutants Analysis;2:Database Format Research; and3:Implementation and Creation of
Database.
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Vessel Selection Criteria
• Location= Wrecks located within the UK Pollution Control Zone
• Age- Wrecks sunk since 1870
• ‘Live’ Vessels
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Hazards & Risk
where a hazard is defined as ‘a potential to threaten human life, health, property or the environment’ (International Maritime Organisation (IMO)).
(IMO, 2002)
Standard equation
Hazard Risk = Severity x Likelihood,
Hazard Types
• POLLUTION RISK– Oil Pollution– Chemical Pollution– Hydrocarbon Pollution
• SAFETY RISK– Unexploded Ordnance
• Munitions Cargo• Vessel Armaments
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
How We Assessed Risk
Two Stages of Risk Calculation involved
Stage 1:
Assess Severity
i.e. identify and evaluate potential pollutants;
Stage 2:
Assess Likelihood
i.e. Used GIS layers that represented the processes and features affecting the likelihood of impact of the potential pollutant;
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Risk Factors
Vessel & Cargo
Designations
Economic
•Marine Conservation Designations•Wreck proximity to important spawning grounds•Historical/archaeological sites
•Recreation (dive sites and swimming beaches)•Marine Activities (Aggregates & Oil and Gas)
•Tidal currents,•Swell exposure•Seabed morphology•How enclosed is the wreck
Local Sea Area Processes
•United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO)•National Monuments Record (NMR)•Lloyds Register•Regional Heritage Wreck Databases
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
A Risk Matrix- OverviewHazard Risk
Components
SectorNo. of Assessment Criteria
Information Included
Severity
(a) Severity of Pollution Risk
Pollution 3 The amount and type of cargo stored on the wreck
(b) Severity of Safety Risk
Safety 1 The amount and type of explosives stored on the wreck
Likelihood
(c) Conditional Likelihood
Wreck Condition 6 Background information and condition of the vessel.
Local sea area process 4 Physical processes occurring in the area e.g.
hydrodynamics and sedimentology.
(d) Impact Likelihood
Environmental & Heritage
Sensitivity3
Ecological information related to the conservation and protection of species and habitats & designated wreck sites.
Economic 2 Economic considerations related to stakeholders and valuable resources.
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
How We Prioritised Risk
• High risk The wreck poses a significant threat to human and natural resources with further action/mitigation required.
• Medium risk The wreck poses a minor threat to human and natural resources and should be monitored with a reassessment undertaken if conditions change.
• Low risk The threat posed by the wreck is minimal with no further action required.
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
GIS Results -UK PPW Database
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Statistical Results- PPW Database
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% o
f W
reck
s A
sses
sed
for
Ris
k
High Risk MediumRisk
Low Risk Unclassified
High Risk
Medium Risk
Low Risk
Unclassified
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Case Study 1- High Risk PPW
Image courtesy of ADUS
• SS Richard Montgomery• Safety Risk
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Case Study 2- Medium Risk PPW• The Royal Oak- Scapa Flow• Pollution Risk
Image courtesy of ADUS
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Other Uses- Scotland’s Marine Atlas
Website linkhttp://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/03/16182005/66
Outlined Pressures and impacts: heritage assets and the wider environment
Pressure theme: Pollution and other chemical pressures
Pressure: Pollution Impact: From substances within wrecks of ships and aircraft, and some coastal structures
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Further Work
• 25% of vessels that could not be risk classified should be further assessed on a case by case basis using additional data from sources such as fishermen, marine developer reports.
• Assess Cumulative and In-Combination effects- i.e. a density of PPW over an area should also be considered.
• Munitions dumps should also be considered and assessed for risk
• Other types of Vessels & UCH should be included such as Aviation, Landing Craft, in future Spacecraft
Overview
Database Project
Results
Case Studies
Further work
C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t
Thanks for listeningQuestions?
Nicola GoodwynABPmer+44 (0) 23 [email protected]
c r e a t i n g s u s t a i n a b l e s o l u t i o n s I n t h e m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t