c-programming handout#5

C-Programming

Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur

HANDOUT#5

Assignment/Program Statement:

Write C programs using loop statements such as for, while, do-while and nested

loop.

Learning Objectives:

Students will be able to

- explain decision control statements in C

- draw the flowchart for loop statement solution

- write the algorithm loop statements

- write C code using ‘for’ statement in C - write C code using ‘while’ statement in C - write C code using ‘do-while’ ladder in C - write C code using nested loop in C

Theory:

Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more

complicated execution paths. A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or

group of statements multiple times. C programming language provides the

following types of loops to handle looping requirements.

- For loop

- While loop

- Do-while loop

- Nested loop

5-a. Write a C program using ‘for’ loop - to display character from A to Z and their

ASCII values

5-b. Write a C program using ‘while’ loop - to print factorial of given number

5-c. Write a C program using ‘do-while’ loop - to find the Fibonacci Series

5-d. Write a C program using nested loop - find the prime numbers from 2 to 100

C-Programming


Assignment#5a


Write a C program using ‘for’ loop - to display character from A to Z and their

ASCII values



- write the syntax of ‘for’ loop

- draw flowchart for loop statement solution

- write the algorithm for loop statement

- write the program using the ‘for’ loop

Theory:

� A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently

write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.

� The syntax of a ‘for’ loop in C programming language is –

for (init; condition; increment)

{

Statement(s);

}

Here is the flow of control in a 'for' loop −

o The init step is executed first, and only once. This step declares and

initializes any loop control variables.

o Next, the condition is evaluated. If it is true, the body of the loop is

executed. If it is false, the body of the loop does not execute and the flow

of control jumps to the next statement just after the 'for' loop.

o After the body of the 'for' loop executes, the flow of control jumps back

up to the increment statement. This statement updates any loop control

variables. This statement can be left blank, as long as a semicolon

appears after the condition.

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o The condition is now evaluated again. If it is true, the loop executes and

the process repeats itself. After the condition becomes false, the 'for' loop

terminates.

Example: C code to print first 10 numbers

for( a = 1; a <= 10; a = a + 1 )

{

printf("value of a: %d\n", a);

}

[Reference: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_for_loop.htm ]

Flow Diagram for ‘for’ loop

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Various examples of infinite ‘for’ loop

Loop structure Description

for ( i=1 ; i<=10 ; )

printf("Hello,

World!\n");

Here the updating part of the counter variable i is

missing. Hence the value of i will remain 1 forever

and the loop runs infinite times printing Hello,

World!

for ( i=1 ; ; i++ )

printf("Hello,

World!\n");

Here the condition part of the loop is missing. Due to

which the loop is forced to run repeatedly infinite

times printing Hello, World! As there isn’t any

condition to terminate.

for ( i=1 ; ; )

printf("Hello,

World!\n");

Here the condition as well as updating part is

missing from the loop. Hence it will also iterate

infinite times printing Hello, World!

for ( ; ; )

printf("Hello,

World!\n");

Here all the three parts initialization, condition as

well as updation part is missing from the loop.

Hence it will also run infinite times printing Hello,

World!

ASCII Value:

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

Computers can only understand numbers, so an ASCII code is the numerical

representation of a character such as 'a' or '@' or an action of some sort.

Below is the ASCII character table for alphabet.

Symbol Decimal Binary

A 65 01000001

B 66 01000010

C 67 01000011

D 68 01000100

E 69 01000101

F 70 01000110

Symbol Decimal Binary

a 97 01100001

b 98 01100010

c 99 01100011

d 100 01100100

e 101 01100101

f 102 01100110

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G 71 01000111

H 72 01001000

I 73 01001001

J 74 01001010

K 75 01001011

L 76 01001100

M 77 01001101

N 78 01001110

O 79 01001111

P 80 01010000

Q 81 01010001

R 82 01010010

S 83 01010011

T 84 01010100

U 85 01010101

V 86 01010110

W 87 01010111

X 88 01011000

Y 89 01011001

Z 90 01011010

g 103 01100111

h 104 01101000

i 105 01101001

j 106 01101010

k 107 01101011

l 108 01101100

m 109 01101101

n 110 01101110

o 111 01101111

p 112 01110000

q 113 01110001

r 114 01110010

s 115 01110011

t 116 01110100

u 117 01110101

v 118 01110110

w 119 01110111

x 120 01111000

y 121 01111001

z 122 01111010

C-Programming


Flowchart for Problem Statement:

Algorithm:

1. Start

2. i=0

3. If i<26,

print the alphabet and ASCII value

i=i+1

go to step 3

else

go to step 4

4. Stop

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Program:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h>

int main() {

int i;

for(i = 0; i < 26; i++)

{

printf("%c = %d | %c = %d \n",'A'+i,'A'+i,'a'+i,'a'+i);

}

getch();

return 0;

}

Input:

No Input

Output:

A = 65 | a = 97

B = 66 | b = 98

C = 67 | c = 99

D = 68 | d = 100

E = 69 | e = 101

F = 70 | f = 102

G = 71 | g = 103

H = 72 | h = 104

I = 73 | i = 105

J = 74 | j = 106

K = 75 | k = 107

L = 76 | l = 108

M = 77 | m = 109

N = 78 | n = 110

O = 79 | o = 111

P = 80 | p = 112

Q = 81 | q = 113

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R = 82 | r = 114

S = 83 | s = 115

T = 84 | t = 116

U = 85 | u = 117

V = 86 | v = 118

W = 87 | w = 119

X = 88 | x = 120

Y = 89 | y = 121

Z = 90 | z = 122

Practice Problem Statements:

1. Write a C program to calculate the sum of first n natural numbers

2. Write a C program to find factorial of a number

3. Write a C program to print natural numbers

4. Write a C program to print natural numbers in reverse

5. Write a C program to print alphabets

Conclusion:

Thus a C program using ‘for’ loop - to display character from A to Z and their

ASCII values is implemented.

Learning Outcome:

At end of this assignment, students are able to

- write the syntax of ‘for’ loop



- write the program using the ‘for’ loop

C-Programming


Assignment#5b


Write a C program using ‘while’ loop - to print factorial of given number



- write the syntax of ‘while’ loop



- write the program using the ‘while’ loop

Theory:

� A while loop in C programming repeatedly executes a target statement as

long as a given condition is true.

� The syntax of a while loop in C programming language is −

while(condition)

{

statement(s);

}

� Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements. The

condition may be any expression, and true is any nonzero value. The loop

iterates while the condition is true.

� When the condition becomes false, the program control passes to the line

immediately following the loop. [Reference: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_while_loop.htm ]


a=1;

while ( a <= 20 )

{


a++;

}

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Flow Diagram for ‘while’ loop

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Algorithm:

1. Start

2. Enter the number whose factorial need to be found

3. f=1

4. i=1

5. If i<=num

f=f*I

i=i+1

go to step 5

else

go to step 6

6. Display the factorial of the given number

7. Stop

C-Programming


Program:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num,f,i;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d",&num);

f=1;

i=1;

while(i<=num)

{

f = f * i;

i++;

}

printf("Factorial of %d is: %d",num,f);

return 0;

}

Input:

Enter a number:4

Output:

Factorial of 4 is: 24

Practice Problem Statement:

1. Write a program to print sum of all even numbers between 1 to n.

2. Write a program to print sum of all odd numbers between 1 to n.

3. Write a program to print table of any number.

4. Write a program to enter any number and calculate sum of all natural

numbers between 1 to n.

5. Write a program to enter any number and calculate sum of its digits.

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Conclusion:

Thus a C program using ‘while’ loop - to print factorial of given number is

implemented.

Learning Outcomes:

At end of this assignment, students are able to





At the end of this assignment, students are able to





C-Programming


Assignment#5c


Write a C program using ‘do-while’ loop - to find the Fibonacci Series



- write the syntax of ‘do-while’ loop



- write the program using the ‘do-while’ loop

Theory:

� Unlike for and while loops, which test the loop condition at the top of the

loop, the do...while loop in C programming checks its condition at the

bottom of the loop.

� A do...while loop is similar to a while loop, except the fact that it is

guaranteed to execute at least one time.

� The syntax of a do...while loop in C programming language is –

do {

statement(s);

} while( condition );

� The conditional expression appears at the end of the loop, so the

statement(s) in the loop executes once before the condition is tested.

� If the condition is true, the flow of control jumps back up to do, and the

statement(s) in the loop executes again. This process repeats until the given

condition becomes false.


a=1;

do

{


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a++;

} while ( a <=10 )

[Reference: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_do_while_loop.htm ]

Flow Diagram for ‘do-while’ loop

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Algorithm:

1. Start

2. First=0, second=1

3. Enter the number of terms in Fibonacci series

4. Display first and second term of Fibonacci series

5. If i<=n

c=first second

Display c

first = second

second = c

i=i+1

go to step 5

else

go to step 6

6. Stop

C-Programming


Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

{

int first, second, c, n, i;

clrscr();

first=0;

second=1;

i=3;

printf("Enter the number of terms: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("%d\n%d",first,second);

do

{

c=first+second;

printf("\n%d",c);

first = second;

second = c;

i=i+1;

}while (i<=n);

getch();

}

Input:

Enter number of terms: 4

Output:

0 1 2 3

C-Programming



1. Write a C program to find power of any number using for loop.

2. Write a C program to enter any number and print all factors of the number.

3. Write a program to display character from A to Z and their ASCII values

4. Write a C program to enter any number and calculate product of its digits.

5. Write a C program to enter any number and print its reverse.

Conclusion:

Thus a C program using ‘do-while’ loop - to find the Fibonacci Series is

implemented.



- write the syntax of ‘do-while’ loop



- write the program using the ‘do-while’ loop

C-Programming


Assignment#5d


Write a C program using nested loop – to find the prime numbers of n-terms



- write the syntax of nested loop



- write the program using the nested loop

Theory:

� C programming allows you to use one loop inside another loop. The

following section shows a few examples to illustrate the Theory.

� The syntax for a nested for loop statement in C is as follows −

for ( init; condition; increment ) {

for ( init; condition; increment ) {

statement(s);

}

statement(s);

}

Flow Diagram for nested for loop

C-Programming


� The syntax for a nested while loop statement in C programming language is

as follows −

while(condition) {

while(condition) {

statement(s);

}

statement(s);

}

Flow Diagram for nested while loop

C-Programming


� The syntax for a nested do...while loop statement in C programming

language is as follows −

do {

statement(s);

do {

statement(s);

}while( condition );

}while( condition );

Flow Diagram for nested do-while loop

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� A final note on loop nesting is that you can put any type of loop inside any

other type of loop. For example, a 'for' loop can be inside a 'while' loop or

vice versa. [Reference: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_nested_loops.htm ]


C-Programming


Algorithm:

1. Start

2. c=0, i=1

3. Read the number n

4. If i <= n

if (n % i == 0)

c++;

end if

i=i+1

go to step 4

else

go to step 5

5. if c = 2

printf("%d is a Prime number",n);

go to step 6

else

printf("%d is not a Prime number",n);

go to step 6

6. Stop

C-Programming


Program:

#include <stdio.h>

void main() {

int n, i, c = 0;

clrscr();

printf("Enter any number n:");

scanf("%d", &n);

for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)

{

if (n % i == 0)

{

c++;

}

}

if (c == 2) {

printf("%d is a Prime number",n);

}

else {

printf("%d is not a Prime number",n);

}

getch();

}

Input:

Enter any number n: 5

Output:

2 is prime

3 is prime

5 is prime

C-Programming



1. Write a program to print all even numbers between 1 to 100.

2. Write a program to print all even numbers between 1 to 100 and sum of it.

3. Write a program to print all odd number between 1 to 100.

4. Write a program to print all odd numbers between 1 to 100 and sum of it.

5. Write a program to find the prime numbers from 2 to 100 and sum of it.

Conclusion:

Thus a C program using nested loop – to find the prime numbers of n-terms is

implemented.

Learning Outcomes:


- write the syntax of nested loop



- write the program using the nested loop

c-programming handout#5

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