c milestones in the development of mass higher education usa - land grant - gi bill
TRANSCRIPT
cMILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
MASS HIGHER EDUCATION
USA
- Land Grant- GI Bill
cMILESTONES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
MASS HIGHER EDUCATION
USA
- Land Grant- GI Bill
UK
- The Open University
cILLINOIS BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION
June 8, 1999 Aurora, IL
Technology, Higher Education and the Public Interest
Sir John DanielVice-Chancellor, The Open University, UKPresident, United States Open University
For text: http://www.open.ac.uk/vcs-speeches/
cFour issues:
- Why distance learning?
cFour issues:
- Why distance learning?
- Benefits of distance learning
cFour issues:
- Why distance learning?
- Benefits of distance learning
- Technology in Illinois
cFour issues:
- Why distance learning?
- Benefits of distance learning
- Technology in Illinois
- United States Open University
cFour issues:
What can distance learning do for you?
cTECHNOLOGY IS THE ANSWER:
WHAT WAS THE QUESTION?
c
COST
AC
CE
SS
QU
ALITY
THE ETERNALLY CHALLENGING TRIANGLE
cOR QUADRILATERAL...
COST
AC
CE
SS
FL
EX
IBIL
ITY
QUALITY
c
COST
AC
CE
SS
QU
ALITY
THE ETERNALLY CHALLENGING TRIANGLE
c WHAT
ABOUT
QUALITY?
?
cUK Quality Assurance Agency for HE
1. Audit of QA processes
2. Assessment of Teaching Quality
3. Assessment of Research
c CHALLENGES
• Access• Cost• Flexibility
c
QUALITY
THE ETERNALLY CHALLENGING TRIANGLE
FLEXIBILITY COST
c
COST
AC
CE
SS
QU
ALITY
THE ETERNALLY CHALLENGING TRIANGLE
cWhat is technology?
…the application of scientific and other organized knowledge to practical tasks by organizations consisting of people and machines..
c“new applications of technology
rather than
applications of new technology”
c Distance learning uses
hard and soft technologies...
the soft technologies of approaches and
processes
the hard technologies of bits and electrons
cTHE KEY soft TECHNOLOGIES
- DIVISION OF LABOR
- SPECIALIZATION
- TEAMWORK
- PROJECT MANAGEMENT
cMEGA-UNIVERSITYMEGA-UNIVERSITY
distance teaching 100,000+ students unitary structure
cTHE MEGA-UNIVERSITIES
CHINA: TV university system
FRANCE: Centre National d’Enseignement à Distance
INDIA: Indira Gandhi National Open University
INDONESIA: Universitas Terbuka
IRAN: Payame Noor University
KOREA: Korea National Open University
SOUTH AFRICA: University of South Africa
SPAIN: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
THAILAND: Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University
TURKEY: Anadolu University
UNITED KINGDOM: The Open University
cCosts compared:
USA (1996)
3,500 institutions
14 million students
$175 billion spent on HE
= ~$12,500 per student
MEGA-UNIVERSITIES (1996)
11 institutions
2.8 million students
$ 1 billion total budgets
= ~$350 per student
cUnit costs per student expressed as % of
average unit costs in each national university system
CHINA
FRANCE
INDIA
INDONESIA
IRAN
KOREA
S. AFRICA
SPAIN
THAILAND
TURKEY
UK
China TV University system
Centre National d’Enseignement a Distance
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Universitas Terbuka
Payame Noor University
Korea National Open University
University of South Africa
Univ. Nat. de Educacion a Distancia
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University
Anadolu University
The Open University
%
40
50
35
15
25
5
50
40
30
10
60
c WHAT
ABOUT
QUALITY?
?
cBRITAIN’S TOP TWENTY
UNIVERSITIES(Quality Rankings of Teaching
Programmes)
1 Cambridge 12 Lancaster 2 York 13 St Andrews 3 Oxford 14 Loughborough 4 Imperial 15 Southampton 5 LSE 16 Cardiff 6 Warwick 17 Glasgow 7 Nottingham 18 Bangor 8 Durham 19 Birmingham 9 University College London 20 Bristol10 Sheffield11 OPEN UNIVERSITY
c United Kingdom 1998
Teaching Quality Assessment of
GENERAL ENGINEERING
24/24 The Open University
c United Kingdom 1998
Teaching Quality Assessment of
GENERAL ENGINEERING
24/24 The Open University23/24 Cambridge University
cFACT
The majority of all students in English universities studying in excellent-rated programs in:
Earth SciencesMusicChemistryGeneral Engineering
are Open University students.
cThe link between quality and exclusivity, that has tarnished
universities throughout history, has finally been broken.
cThe Open University?
- why
- what?
- who?
- when?
- where?
- how?
cQ: WHY?
Political input
1. Harold Wilson: Access; Use of broadcasting2. Jennie Lee Quality; Autonomy3. Margaret Thatcher Lower costs
cThe Open University mission
- open to people
- open to places
- open to methods
- open to ideas
c The Open University- degree students: 160,000
- graduate school: 30,000
- research degree: 1,500
- outside UK: 30,000
- annual budget ~$400m
c The Open UniversityTotal staff: 11,000
Full-time faculty: 800
Associate faculty: 7,500
Other full-time staff: 2,800
c The Open University
- outside UK: 30,000
- main examination session: 156,000 scripts; 111 countries
cSUCCESSFUL
SUPPORTED OPEN LEARNING
- Quality materials
cSUCCESSFUL
SUPPORTED OPEN LEARNING
- Quality materials
- Support for each student
cSUCCESSFUL
SUPPORTED OPEN LEARNING
- Quality materials
- Support for each student
- Good logistics
cSUCCESSFUL
SUPPORTED OPEN LEARNING
- Quality materials
- Support for each student
- Good logistics
- Roots in research
cTHE INSTITUTE FORTHE INSTITUTE FOR
EDUCATIONALEDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
THE INSTITUTE FORTHE INSTITUTE FOREDUCATIONALEDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
- advice on course design
- student surveys
- teaching effectiveness
- consultancy
c THE KNOWLEDGE MEDIATHE KNOWLEDGE MEDIAINSTITUTEINSTITUTE
THE KNOWLEDGE MEDIATHE KNOWLEDGE MEDIAINSTITUTEINSTITUTE
- Leading edge development of the Web;
- Scaling up Net technologies;
- Enabling technologies
- New Internet applications
cFour issues:
- Why distance learning?
- Benefits of distance learning
- Technology in Illinois
cRequisite Variety in Illinois
1. Illinois Video Education Network - extending into the home
cRequisite Variety in Illinois
1. Illinois Video Education Network - extending into the home
2. Online Library Services and DE
cRequisite Variety in Illinois
1. Illinois Video Education Network - extending into the home
2. Online Library Services and DE
3. Satellite-based instruction (N.Leigh)
cRequisite Variety in Illinois
1. Illinois Video Education Network - extending into the home
2. Online Library Services and DE
3. Satellite-based instruction (N.Leigh)
4. TechKnowledgy Project
cThe Open University
in the USA
- Partnerships: with FSU (Masters, Upper Division)
with CSU (CalStateTeach)
cThe Open University
in the USA
- Partnerships: with FSU (Masters, Upper Division)
with CSU (CalStateTeach)
- Sister University:
United States Open UniversityUnited States Open University
cUnited States Open UniversityUnited States Open University
- own programs:
Master’s, Upper Division
cUnited States Open UniversityUnited States Open University
- own programs:
Master’s, Upper Division
- partnerships:
universities; community colleges
cUnited States Open University
Competency + credit
Western Governors University
cILLINOIS BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION
June 8, 1999 Aurora, IL
Technology, Higher Education and the Public Interest
Sir John DanielVice-Chancellor, The Open University, UKPresident, United States Open University
For text: http://www.open.ac.uk/vcs-speeches/