Presented by:-C.Lakshmi PriyaRoll.No : 9

Aspects covered

• The Nile river.• Egypt the gift of Nile.• Produced more than enough food.• Animals and food of ancient Egypt.• Trading the surplus.• Craftsmen• A new hierarchy developed.• Pharaoh• Social classes• Hieroglyphics • Writing • Towns and cities developed.• Sophisticated civilization• Painting and sculpture• The afterlife• Mummification• Achievements• Ancient civilization

The River Nile

• the lifeblood of ancient Egypt

• made life possible

• longest river• source of food• major source of

water

Egypt the Gift of Nile

(A) THE DELTA

(B) OASIS

(C) THE EASTERN DESERT

(D) THE VALLEY

(E) CATARACTS Cataract – large water falls

Towns and Cities Develop

• convenient to live in towns and cities.

• Urban economy developed

Producing more than enough food• Surplus Food

Produced– Store for future use– Trade for other

goods– Not everyone needs

to farm• New trades and

specialities developed

(A) HARVEST

(B) MUSIC

(C) WINNOWING

(D) TAXES

(E) CATTLE

Meanings – 1)Winnowing- separating the ones that are useful from the ones that are not. 2) Scribes- a person who kept records by writing.

Trading the surplusTwo types of

ships

- MERCHANT SHIP

- CARGO

• New products and Ideas were imported

• Money made was invested in – Cities– To please the Gods

Craftsmen(A) POTTERY

(B) GOLD

(C) SANDALS

(D) WOOD CARVING

•New jobs available for talented craftsmen•Surplus food production allowed for their wages to be paid•New products and skills developed

Animals and food of ancient Egypt

• They had pigs, goats, ducks, cows, and geese.

• They grew fig trees, wheat, and barley.

• worshiped the cat

A new Hierarchy developed• Agricultural and trading opportunities

allowed new hierarchy to be formed– Elite/Aristocracy

• Paid wages to others to work for them• Life of leisure

– Free time to think• New ideas• New Inventions• New Skills

Pharaoh

Pharaoh was believed by the Egyptians to be the

supreme ruler chosen by the gods to lead his

people. They believed that when a man became a

pharaoh, he also became a god. To keep the

bloodline of the gods pure, pharaohs often married their sisters,

mothers, and cousins.

HIGH PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSESServed gods and goddesses

PHARAOHEarthly leader; considered a god

NOBLESFought pharaoh’s wars

MERCHANTS, SCRIBES, AND ARTISANSMade furniture, jewelry, and fabrics for

pharaohs and nobles, and provided for other needs

PEASANT FARMERS AND SLAVESWorked in the fields and served the pharaoh

Social Classes

2

Hieroglyphics

• Development of Writing

• Papyrus• Pictographs• Allowed ideas to

be transferred– Was spread

throughout Egypt– It passed down

through generations

Writing

Making paper from papyrus

Sophisticated Civilisation

(A) RAISING STONE BLOCKS

.

(B) SUPERVISORS

(C) SHAPING THE STONE.

(D) ACCIDENTS

• Large Scale projects were feasible– Planning– Writing and Mathematics– New Tools

• Public Works projects

Painting and Sculpture

• Egyptians reached a highly advanced level of sculpture. Beautiful figures have been found in tombs.

• One of the most famous sculptures in the world is the head of Queen Nefertiti.

• Another famous work of art is the Great Sphinx which guards the pyramids near Giza.

The Afterlife

• Elaborate death ritual

• Embalming Procedure– Directed by

Priests

• Used sophisticated tools and techniques

Mummification

• (A) ANUBIS The priest in charge of

the mummification

(B) INCENSE A priest stands by,

holding sweet-smelling incense.

(C) WRAPPING THE BODY

The body, or mummy, was wrapped in layers

of linen

(D) NATRON Natron, a kind of soda

(E) SOAKING THE BANDAGES

linen strips were soaked in plaster so they would harden

when dry.

•Excessive respect for the Dead body

•Sacred Body does not allow for exploration or experimentation.

•Dissection Forbidden

Achievements• Pyramids There were about 80 along the banks of the Nile

River. The largest is the Great Pyramid Giza, built by King

Khufu in about 2600 B.C. It stands about 481 feet high and covers 13 acres. The pyramids functioned as huge burial tombs for

the Egyptians’ dead pharaohs and queens.

• Ship-building They used the Nile River like a highway to transport

people and goods to foreign lands. The first ships were made out of bundles of papyrus

reeds tied together to make a canoe-like vessel. As the ship trade flourished, the hulls of the ships

were made of cedar, and oars and sails were added for greater speed.

• Hieroglyphics These were pictures and symbols that served as

one of the first written languages in the world.

• Calendar Calendars were developed in 4241 B.C. with 365

days in a year. It was based on the flooding of the Nile River. New Years was on June 1, not January 1!

Ancient Civilization

• Age of Enlightenment

• The first known electrical battery developed in Egypt.

• Study the stars and chart their movement.

• Advanced Mathematical Skills

• Applying sciences to design

• Use of geometries to create monumental buildings.

• Building placement determined by path of sun or stars on specific days

• Ability to build monumental structures with simple machines.

Evaluation

The first known _________________ ________________developed in Egypt.

They had the ability to build monumental structures with __________ __________________.

The _________________ functioned as huge burial tombs for the Egyptians’ dead pharaohs and queens.

The calendar was based on the ___________________ of the Nile River. One of the most famous sculptures in the world is the head of ___________________.

Fill in the blanks:

Answer the following questions:

1.Why is Egypt called the gift of Nile?

2.Who kept records by writing?

3.What did the Egyptians do while planting crops?

4.Name the two types of boats they built?

5.Who fought wars for the Pharaoh?