c-i booklet wk 1

8/2/2019 C-I Booklet wk 1

1/31


2/31

See pp. 175-189 for sample answers to odd-numbered exercises.2

3. There are a number of verbs with stem changes. In the following cases the

stem vowel diphthongizes whenever it is stressed. See the following

examples:

a. stressed - o changes to ==> -ue

CONTAR: cuento / cuentas / cuenta / contamos / cuentan

b. stressed - e changes to ==> -ie

PENSAR: pienso / piensas / pienso / pensamos / piensan

c. the following verbs have these types of vowel changes.

-- * Note that some have additional changes as well.

-o ==> -ue -e ==> -ie

APROBAR ENCONTRAR DEFENDER APRETAR

APOSTAR MOVER COMENZAR PENSAR

ACOSTAR CONSOLAR HERVIR PERDER

DORMIR DEVOLVER NEVAR MENTIR

VOLVER LLOVER DESPERTAR SENTIR

PODER PROBAR SUGERIR PREFERIR

RESOLVER SOAR NEGAR QUEBRAR

RECORDAR MORIR SENTAR QUERER

CONTAR RODAR * TENER * VENIR

TRONAR * OBTENER * DETENER

4. In other cases the stem vowel changes as follows:

- note that here again there is no change in the first person plural

(nosotros) verb forms.


3/31


a. -e changes to ==> -i

SEGUIR: sigo / sigues / sigue / seguimos / siguen

- Other verbs of this type are:

SERVIR (sirvo.....) MEDIR (mido.....)

PEDIR (pido......) REPETIR (repito....)

REIR (rio......) REIR (ro.......)

VESTIR (visto.....)

5. There are additional types of changes:

a. In some cases the stem vowel -u- changes to > -ue.

JUGAR: juego / juegas / juega / jugamos / juegan

b. In some cases only one form is irregular.

CABER: quepo / cabes / cabe / cabemos / caben

- Other verbs of this type are:

CAER / TRAER / HACER / PONER / PARECER / CONOCER

- see the examples on page l

c. Some verbs suffer spelling (orthographic) changes.

HUIR: huyo / huyes / huye / huimos / huyen

OLER: huelo / hueles / huele / olemos / huelen


4/31


EJERCICIOS

Complete las oraciones con la forma apropiada del verbo.

(Complete the following sentences with the appropriate verb form. See thevocabulary items at the end of the exercise.)

A. Me llamo Casimiro. Yo __________ estudiante en la Universidad de

California

ser

en San Diego. Yo _________________ cuatro cursos: biologa, matemticas,

seguir

espaol y redaccin. En la clase de redaccin nosotros ___________________

escribir

mucho y yo ______________ que as yo ______________ a aprender a escribir

pensar ir

bien. En biologa yo ______________ todo tipo de experimentos y en

hacer

matemticas yo _____________________ problemas de clculo. El prximo

resolver

trimestre yo __________________ seguir un curso de filosofa, pero ahora yo

quererno _______________. En la clase de espaol yo ___________________ lo que

poder repetir

________________. De noche yo ____________ con las conjugaciones

irregulares

or soar

de los verbos. Al da siguiente yo no ___________________ nada en clase.

recordar

El ltimo ao de estudio yo ______________________ estudiar en Espaa con

el

querer

programa de la Universidad de California. Ahora poco a poco yo

_____________

comenzar

a sentirme bilinge.


5/31



6/31


B.Yo no ____________________ a ese hombre, pero la gente ___________________conocer decir

que _________ un brujo benvolo. ____________ que no todos ______________ ser saber pensar

lo mismo, pero yo_____________ no tratar con l porque le ________________

preferir tenermucho miedo.

{Vocabulario: gente = people; brujo = warlock; benvolo = good; lo mismo =the same thing; todos = everybody; tratar con = to deal with; tener

miedo = to be afraid}

C.La ambulancia ________________________ a los heridos a ese hospital porquellevar

___________________ ms cerca y as los mdicos __________________________estar poder

atenderlos ms pronto.

{Vocabulario:llevar = to take/carry; heridos = wounded; atender = to care

for}

D. Complete las oraciones con la FORMA DEL PRESENTE del verbo indicado.

1. Los viernes ellas siempre ____________________muy tarde porque____________

a bailar con sus amigos.- They always go to bed very late on Fridays because they go out dancingwith their friends.

2. Nunca ____________________ antes de las 2 a.m. y para el otro da siempre

____________________ dormir hasta el medioda.- They never get back before 2 a.m. and the next day they always want to

sleep until noon.

3. Nunca ___________________ suficientes lpices en la caja y algunos

alumnos nunca_________________ con qu escribir.

- There are never enough pencils in the box and some students never findanything with which to write.

4. A Antonio no le _____________________ las comidas exticas; l siempre

_____________________ la misma cosa: una hamburguesa.-Antonio doesn't like exotic foods; he always asks for the same thing: a

hamburger.

5. Si me _____________ esta noche te ______________ todo lo que ____________.

- If you call me tonight I'll tell you everything I know.


7/31


7. Traduzca las siguientes oraciones.Use el tiempo presente.

(Translate the following sentences. Use the present tense.)

** Note: Some of the sentences are in the present progressive or future

tense in English, but in Spanish these are translated with the present.

Example: Why is the baby crying? ===> Por qu llora el beb?

a. I'll give you $500 dollars for the car. DAR

______________________________________________________________________

b. I'm telling you the truth. DECIR

______________________________________________________________________

c. I'm going to my biology class. IR

______________________________________________________________________

d. I know all the numbers in Spanish. SABER

______________________________________________________________________

e. I know Mxico City well. CONOCER

______________________________________________________________________

f. I know my phone number and address. SABER

______________________________________________________________________

g. I'm leaving on the midnight train. SALIR

______________________________________________________________________


8/31


h. I'll bring the wine to the party. TRAER

______________________________________________________________________

i. Help! I'm falling! CAERSE

______________________________________________________________________

j. I sleep eight hours every night. DORMIR

______________________________________________________________________

k. It rains every spring and it snows in the winter. LLOVER / NEVAR

______________________________________________________________________

l. I wake up at 5:00 a.m. DESPERTAR

______________________________________________________________________

m. They prefer to return tomorrow. PREFERIR

______________________________________________________________________

n. He'll return this afternoon. VOLVER

______________________________________________________________________

o. I'm runnning 2 miles a day. CORRER

______________________________________________________________________

p. She always breaks the test tubes (las probetas). QUEBRAR

______________________________________________________________________


9/31


PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS

Los pronombres reflexivos son:

ME - TE - SE - NOS

l. Los pronombres reflexivos se usan cuando el sujeto y el objeto

directo son la misma persona:

Juan se viste temprano. (i.e., Juan viste "a Juan".)

- Juan gets dressed (dresses himself) early

PERO :

Juan viste al nio. / Juan lo viste.

- Juan dresses the child. Juan dresses him.

==> OJO: Ver que a veces el verbo aparece con preposicin:

Juan se casa con Mara.

Juan is marrying Mara. (getting married to)

2. En algunos casos el sujeto y el objeto indirecto son la misma persona:

Juan se compra una camisa nueva. (i.e., Juan compra para "Juan")

- Juan buys himself a new shirt. (Juan buys for Juan)

Juan se pone el sombrero para salir. (literally: "on himself")

- Juan puts on his hat to go out.

PERO :

Juan le compra una camisa nueva a su hermano.

- Juan buys his brother a new shirt.


10/31


3. Los pronombres reflexivos tambin se usan para indicar cambios de

disposicin. En ingls esto se indica con el verbo 'become" o "get' +

adjetivo.

Julio se cansa fcilmente. = Julio gets tired easily.Juana se enoja rpidamente.= Juana gets mad right away.

Juan se hace el tonto. = Juan acts dumb.

Juan se re mucho. = Juan laughs a lot. (starts laughing)

4. Los reflexivos tambin se usan para indicar una accin recproca.Veamos

estos ejemplos:

Los nios siempre se pelean. = The boys always fight with each other.

Las chicas se ven los domingos.= The girls see each other on Sunday.

Nos queremos mucho. = We love each other very much.

Ellos se engaan. = They deceive each other.

La madre y la hija se parecen.

- The mother and daughter look like each other.

En las guerras los soldados se matan sin razn.

- In wars (in wartime) soldiers kill each other needlessly.

5. El reflexivo se usa con verbos intransitivos que indican movimiento

para sealar la voluntad/la decisin del agente. Veamos los siguientes

ejemplos para contrastar IR vs. IRSE; SALIR vs. SALIRSE

Juan va a la tienda. - Juan goes/is going to the store.

Juan se va a la guerra. - Juan is going off to war.

Martina sale del trabajo a las 3. - Martina gets off work at 3:00.

Eva se sale de la casa de noche. - Eva sneaks out of the house at night.


11/31


----- Aqu hay una lista parcial de algunos verbos reflexivos y sus

significados. Estdielos y luego haga el ejercicio que sigue.

l. levantarse = to get up vestirse = to get dressedsentarse = to sit down acercarse = to approachacostarse = to go to bed alejarse = to distance oneself

despertarse = to wake up mojarse = to get oneself wetbaarse = to bathe secarse = to dry oneselfdespeinarse = to mess up one's hair esconderse = to hideafeitarse = to shave arrodillarse = to kneelpeinarse = to comb oneself asearse = to tidy uplavarse = to wash oneself casarse con = to marrypararse = to stand up ducharse = to showercepillarse = to brush calzarse = to put on shoescansarse = to get tired divorciarse de = to get a divorce

2. ponerse + adjetivo = to become ponerse + artculo = to put onquitarse = to take off abrocharse = to snap onabotonarse = to button up atarse = to tie up/lace/knotvestirse = to put on mudarse = to change/to move

3. enojarse = to get angry alegrarse = to get happyentristecerse = to become sad enriquecerse = to get richhacerse + adj. = to become + adj. ponerse + adj. = to become + adj.divertirse = to have fun/enjoy volverse + adj. = to become +

adj.enfadarse = to get angry desmayarse = to faintrecobrarse = to get well recuperarse = to recuperate

4. rerse de = to laugh at parecerse a = to look like

EJERCICIO

Complete la oracin con la forma apropiada del verbo en el PRESENTE. Veael vocabulario al final del ejercicio.

l. Manolo ___________________ a las 5:00 de la maana y __________________

despertarse levantarse

a las 5:l5 a.m. l ___________________ los dientes y _____________________

cepillarse ducharse

en 15 minutos, ______________________ en 10 minutos y ____________________

afeitarse vestirseen 3 minutos. Antes de salir ______________________ y ____________________

peinarse ponerse

desodorante. A las 5:45 ___________________ al auto y ____________________

subirse irse

a la oficina.


12/31


2. Los estudiantes siempre _________________ cuando ellos ________________

divertirse ponerse

los trajes de bao y _______________________ a la piscina.

tirarse

3. Yo __________________la chaqueta antes de salir porque ________________

abotonarse ponerse

fro afuera en el invierno.

4. Esteban ________________ bien las cintas de los zapatos y _____________

atarse quitarse

los lentes para jugar futbol.

5. Victoria y Samuel _______________ mucho y por eso quieren casarse

quererse

en agosto pero por ahora ___________________ todos los fines de semana y

verse

_____________________ todos los das.

escribirse

6. Agustn _______________ a Europa el sbado; l _____________________

irse llevarse

toda su ropa; as _________________ de su familia para no volver jams.alejarse

vocabulario: antes de = before; por eso = that's why; por ahora = for now;

cintas = laces; traje de bao = bathing suit; desodorante =deodorant; chaqueta = jacket; lentes = glasses; llevarse = totake off with, to take with oneself; jams = not ever


13/31


EJERCICIO: REPASO DE LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES EN EL PRESENTE

1. Verbs changing stem: from -e- to -ie- and from -o- to -ue-.Complete las siguientes oraciones con la forma PRESENTE del verbo.

a. En la selva siempre _______________ pero nunca ________________.

llover nevar

b. Yo _____________ ir a la biblioteca porque all ellos _____________querer tener

varios peridicos espaoles.

c. El zorrillo ________________ mal pero despus de baarnos nosotrosoler

_____________________ bien.oler

d. Cuando mis amigos ___________________ a verme yo no _______________venir poder

estudiar ni leer.

e. Durante los das feriados siempre ________________ muchas personas morir

en las carreteras.

f. Esta noche l ________________ a leer la novela aunque l no tienecomenzar

ganas de hacerlo. [aunque=although; tener ganas=to feel like]

2. Ejercicio sobre verbos irregulares. Cuidado con los cambios ortogrficos.

a. Los pjaros siempre _______________ cuando yo ___________ al patio.huir salir

b. Yo __________ de Nueva York; slo ________ en California de vacaciones.ser estar

c. Yo no __________________ a nadie en mi familia.parecerse

d. Mario ____________ 6 pies, 3 pulgadas y ___________ el pelo negro.medir tener

e. l siempre __________ de mis chistes, pero yo nunca ______________


14/31


15/31


__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4. My mother laughs when I tell her that I don't have fun at parties.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. My teacher gets very angry when I sit down on her desk.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

6. When the singer takes off his shirt, all the girls faint.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

7. After marrying the millionaire, she'll buy herself a huge Cadillac.(marrying = infinitivo en espaol)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

8. We need to sit near the door. In this way we will get near therefreshments. {to get near = use present tense of ACERCARSE; in thisway = as; refreshments = refrescos)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

9. Mara puts on her gloves and hat after she gets dressed and combs her

hair.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

10. The couples kneel at the altar when the priest marries them.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


16/31


11. The mother bathes her baby first and then she takes a bath.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12. The barber shaves the customer first and then dries his face.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

13. The girls go crazy when they listen to Springsteen. (volverse locas)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

14. The actor takes off his wig when he takes a shower. (wig = peluca)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

15. I'm going to the zoo and I'm taking the kids.(zoo = zoolgico; to take (with oneself) = llevarse

___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


17/31


OTROS VERBOS - TIEMPO PRESENTE

1. Hay tres verbos que se traducen como el verbo del ingls TO BE:

HABER, ESTAR y SER

En las siguientes semanas vamos a aprender los usos de estos tres verbos.

a.HABER - El verbo HABER tiene varios usos. Uno de ellos es situar lo

indefinido. Veamos los siguientes ejemplos:

- Hay una fiesta en casa de Yolanda.

- There's a party at Yolanda's house.

- Hay hormigas debajo de la casa.

- There are ants under the house.

- Las expresiones del ingls - THERE IS y THERE ARE {There exist(s)}- se

traducen con la expresin HAY.

==> OJO: - El verbo HAY se usa para situar lo singular y lo plural.

- HABER en este uso es invariable; no se conjuga; no concuerda en nmero.

- Hay una silla. - There is one chair.

- Hay diez sillas. - There are ten chairs.

b.ESTAR. - el verbo ESTAR se usa para situar lo definido (excepto eventos).

Veamos los siguientes ejemplos:

- Los libros estn en los estantes.

- The books are on the shelves.

- Las hormigas estn en el piso.

- The ants are on the floor.


18/31


- recordemos que el verbo ESTAR se conjuga as:

estoy estamos

ests

est estn

==> OJO: - es importante ver que lo indefinido va con HABER y lo definido con

el verbo ESTAR:

- Hay un lpiz debajo de la mesa.

- There's a pencil under the table.

- El lpiz est debajo de la mesa.

- The pencil is under the table.

c. SER - el verbo SER se usa para situar eventos definidos. Veamos estos

ejemplos. Ver que puede situarse el evento temporalmente o

espacialmente.

- El concierto es en la cafetera de Revelle.

- The concert is at the Revelle cafeteria.

- La pelcula es a las 8:30 p.m.

- The film showing is at 8:30 p.m.

- La fiesta es en mi casa.

- The party's at my house.

2. TENER. El verbo TENER tiene varios usos. Vea los siguientes ejemplos.

TENER - to have. Tengo dos hermanos. - I have two brothers.

TENER QUE - to have to Tengo que estudiar esta tarde.

- I have to study this afternoon.

l tiene que salir maana.

- He has to leave tomorrow.


19/31


TENER tambin se usa para indicar estados fisiolgicos o psicolgicos:

Tengo hambre. - I'm hungry.Tengo sed. - I'm thirsty.Tengo dolor de cabeza.- I have a headache.Tengo tos. - I have a cough.

Tengo catarro. - I have a cold.Tengo fiebre. - I have a fever.Tengo fro. - I'm cold.Tengo calor. - I'm hot.Tengo miedo. - I'm afraid.Tengo el pelo largo. - My hair is long./ I have long hair.Tengo los ojos negros.- My eyes are black.Tengo 20 aos. - I'm twenty years old.Tengo razn. - I'm right.

TRADUZCA LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES.

1. Tomorrow I have to go to the library because I need a book.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. The students have to see the doctor because they have the flu.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. There's a cold beer in the refrigerator if you're thirsty.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. There are at least 10 ways to write a paper. (ways to = maneras de)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. There's a meeting at 4:00 p.m. but I can't go because I have to sleep.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

6. The students are in the library because there's an exam tomorrow.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


20/31


7. There are two students in the library who are afraid of you.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

8. You're right. The meeting's at the cafeteria this evening.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

9. The dictionary's on the shelf but there's a list of verbs on the desk.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

10. The rock concert is tonight in Los Angeles.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

11. There's a hurricane in the Gulf of Mxico.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12. The Olympic Games are in Spain, but there's a boat race in the SanDiego bay.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

13. Buenos Aires is in Argentina but Lima is in Peru.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

14. Chile is south of Peru but Ecuador is north of Peru.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


21/31


El VERBO GUSTAR

El verbo GUSTAR es pasivo. El sujeto del verbo es siempre el objeto que a

uno le gusta. (i.e., The verb agrees with the object liked.)

I like wine. -Me gusta el vino. (Wine is pleasing to me.)

I like books. -Me gustan los libros.(Books are pleasing to

me.)

I like apples. - Me gustan las manzanas.

I like watermelon. - Me gusta la sanda.

(*Note that the verb is plural if objects liked are plural.)

(**Note the use of the article in Spanish: el vino, la sanda, etc.)

Los pronombres que van con el verbo GUSTAR son formas dativas. stas son:

ME / TE / LE / NOS / LES. Vea los ejemplos y sus traducciones:

He likes... A l le gusta... A l le gustan...She likes... A ella le gusta... A ella le gustan...We like... A nosotros nos gusta... A nosotros nos gustan...

They like... A ellos les gusta... A ellos les gustan...A ellas les gusta... A ellas les gustan...

You like... A usted le gusta... A usted le gustan...A ti te gusta... A ti te gustan...A ustedes les gusta... A ustedes les gustan...

I like... A mme gusta... A mme gustan...

Las frases introductorias (A + pronombre) no son necesarias, a menos que

se especifique la persona o sea necesario enfatizar el pronombre para

aclarar:

Mary likes sherry. - A Mary le gusta el jerez.

Mrs. Garca likes beer. - A la Sra. Garca le gusta la cerveza.

She likes beer but he doesn't.- A ella le gusta la cerveza pero a l

no.

He likes peanuts. - Le gustan los cacahuates.

I like milk. -Me gusta la leche.


22/31


I like milk but he doesn't. - A mme gusta la leche pero a l no.

Cuando los pronombres con "a" se usan, pueden aparecer al principio de la

oracin o al final Si aparecen al final son an ms ENFTICOS.Ver elejemplo.

A m me gusta el pastel de manzana. - I like apple pie.

Me gusta el pastel de manzana a m. - I'm the one that likes apple pie.

Cuando lo que agrada es una accin, denotada por un infinitivo, se usa la

forma singular del verbo.

Me gusta comer zanahoras.

Le gusta salir de noche.

Me gusta nadar y bailar.

Traduzca las siguientes oraciones. Vea el vocabulario al fondo.

1. He likes to smoke a pack of cigarettes daily, but she doesn't.

______________________________________________________________________

2. She doesn't like high heels but she likes tennis shoes.

______________________________________________________________________

3. They like fried chicken but I don't.

______________________________________________________________________

4. I like old blue jeans.

______________________________________________________________________

5. He likes to play baseball but we like to play basketball.

______________________________________________________________________

6. Juan likes detective novels but I like short stories.

______________________________________________________________________


23/31


7. Mr. Lpez likes erotic movies but Mrs. Lpez likes horror movies.

______________________________________________________________________

8. We like the newscast on T.V. but she doesn't.

______________________________________________________________________

vocabulario: pack of cigarettes = cajetilla/paquete de cigarrillos; highheels = tacones altos; tennis shoes = zapatillas de tenis;blue jeans = pantalones de mezclilla; basketball = baloncestonewscast = noticiero/noticiario; short stories = cuentos

OTROS VERBOS PASIVOS

En espaol hay otros verbos como GUSTAR. Veamos los siguientes ejemplos:

a. DOLER: to hurt

-- A Julin le duele la cabeza.

- Julian's head hurts.

-- A mme duele el cuello.

- My neck hurts.

-- A l le duelen los pies.

- His feet hurt

=> OJO: (note that the possessive adjective is not generally used in

Spanish with parts of the body.)

b. MOLESTAR: to bother, to be bothersome to (*)

-- A nosotros nos molesta el ruido.

- Noise bothers us.

-- A ella le molestan mucho los zancudos.

- Mosquitoes bother her a lot.

(*) Este verbo puede usarse de manera activa tambin:


24/31


-- Yo molesto en esa casa.

- I'm in the way in that house.

c. DESAGRADAR/AGRADAR : to displease/to please

-- A ella le agrada ir al cine pero le desagrada ir a la iglesia.

- She likes to go to the movies but she dislikes going to

church.

- Hay tambin una serie de construcciones semejantes. Veamos los ejemplos

a continuacin, recordando siempre que cuando se trata de un uso pasivo

es necesario incluir el pronombre y asegurarse de la concordancia.

DAR PENA = to be sad about

- Me da pena no poder venir a la fiesta.

- It saddens me not to be able to come to the party.

DAR RABIA = to be angry about/to be enraged by

- Le da rabia verme contigo.

- He can't stand to see me with you.

DAR CORAJE = to be angry at

- Nos da coraje tener que mentirles.

- We are angry at having to lie to them.DAR GUSTO = = to be happy about

- Me da mucho gusto conocerlo.

- I'm very happy to meet you.

DAR TRISTEZA = to be sad about

- Te da tristeza saberlo, verdad?

- It saddens you to find out about it, right?

EJERCICIO:Traduzca las siguientes oraciones.

l. His stomach hurts and his feet hurt too. DOLER

__________________________________________________________________________

2. The light bothers me. MOLESTAR

__________________________________________________________________________


25/31



26/31


3. She dislikes popular music. DESAGRADAR

__________________________________________________________________________

4. It makes me angry to hear those politicians. DAR RABIA

__________________________________________________________________________

5. It makes me happy to see you again. DAR GUSTO

__________________________________________________________________________

6. It saddens me to see you depressed. DAR PENA (depressed = deprimido)

__________________________________________________________________________

7. It bothers him to have to work tomorrow. MOLESTAR

__________________________________________________________________________

8. That music saddens me a lot because it makes me remember that I like todance but I can't. DAR TRISTEZA/HACER RECORDAR/GUSTAR (because = porque)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

9. I love to see her smile and dance. (love = encantar)

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

10. It pains us to think that you don't have a place to go.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

11. These sandals bother me and that's why my feet hurt today.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________


27/31


REPASO DEL TIEMPO PRESENTE

Cuando usted escriba sus composiciones sobre las lecturas (readings), lo ms

probable es que use el tiempo PRESENTE, a menos que se pida lo contrario en

las especificaciones ("Temas para la Composicin").

Traduzca el siguiente prrafo. Consulte el glosario al pie de la pgina.

______________________________________________________________________In one of Julio Cortzar's stories, there's a woman in Argentina

______________________________________________________________________who makes mental contact with a woman in Hungary. The main

______________________________________________________________________character's name is Alina Reyes. She's a wealthy young woman who

______________________________________________________________________lives the good life in Buenos Aires. But sometimes Alina senses that

______________________________________________________________________there is a woman in Budapest who is hungry in the cold and snow. She

______________________________________________________________________

also knows that the beggar woman lives with a man who beats her.

______________________________________________________________________Alina can feel the blows and the pain. Until one day Alina travels to

______________________________________________________________________Budapest and the two women meet on a bridge. And then....

______________________________________________________________________

GLOSARIO.

to sense = sentir that/who = que pain = dolorto beat = golpear Hungary = Hungra blows = golpesto feel = sentir main = principal bridge = puenteto know = saber sometimes = a veces beggar woman = mendigato travel = viajar character = personaje wealthy = ricato meet = encontrarse contact = contactountil = hasta que then = entonces


28/31


PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

The present Progressive tense in English is formed with the verb TO BE +

present participle: He's going./ She's coming home. This tense is used to

indicate that something is happening now or is in progress now: It's

raining./ She's sleeping./ They're eating. etc.

In Spanish we use the PRESENT tense to indicate that something is in

progress or happening right now. We do not need the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

for this function, although it is an option.

==> OJO: In Spanish the present participles are called "gerundios," like the

English gerunds, but they NEVER function as nouns. The formation of these

"gerundios" is determined by the infinitive forms, as follows:

-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs

VERB STEM + + -ando + -iendo + -iendo

Examples: hablar/hablando trabajar/trabajando

comer/comiendo tener/teniendo

vivir/viviendo salir/saliendo

Mara est hablando con el profesor.- Mara is talking to the

professor.

El oso est comiendo. - The bear is eating.

No est saliendo el agua. - No water's coming out.

Irregular verbs sometimes have irregular participle forms. For example:

pedir/pidiendo; seguir/siguiendo; vestir/vistiendo; medir/midiendo;

huir/huyendo; ir/yendo; ver/viendo; ser/siendo or leer/leyendo.

The auxiliary verb is often ESTAR, but other auxiliaries are possible as we

shall see.


29/31


EJERCICIOS

Provide the "gerundios" or present participles for the following verbs.

seguir/_______________ traer/_________________

leer/_________________ ir/____________________vestir/_______________ medir/_________________

ver/__________________ correr/________________

poner/________________ estar/_________________

ser/__________________ huir/__________________

Change the following sentences to the present progressive tense.(Cambie las siguientes oraciones del presente al progresivo.)

1. El carpinteromide la madera con la cinta mtrica.

______________________________________________________________________

2. El polica sigue la pista del traficante de drogas.

______________________________________________________________________

3. El paciente pide un calmante para el dolor.

______________________________________________________________________

4. Ese hombre se viste para salir al trabajo.______________________________________________________________________

5. Mis amigos traen los refrescos y yo hago los tacos.

______________________________________________________________________

6. Arturo no ve esa telenovela.

______________________________________________________________________

7. Nosotros huimos del trfico y la contaminacin de Los ngeles.

______________________________________________________________________

8. Alicia lee el peridico todos los das porque busca trabajo.

______________________________________________________________________


30/31


PROGRESIVOS.

Como ya vimos, el progresivo se forma con el verbo auxiliar + el gerundio.

El auxiliar a veces es ESTAR, pero no siempre. Vea los siguientes ejemplos:

- Los nios vienen cantando.

The children are singing [as they come].

- Los hombres van arando la tierra.

The men are plowing the soil [as they go along].

-Ando viendo las blusas. - I'm looking at the blouses.

- Sigue lloviendo. -It's still raining./It continues to rain.

Los verbos ESTAR, SEGUIR, ANDAR, VENIR, IR pueden funcionar como auxiliares

para formar el tiempo progresivo.

EJERCICIOS:

Traduzca las siguientes oraciones. Use el auxiliar apropiado. Siga elejemplo. Consulte el glosario.

Ejemplo:

1. I like the new lawn mower that is cutting the grass around the trees.

Me gusta la mquina nueva de cortar zacate que va cortando la hierba

alrededor de los rboles.

2. We like the deer that are running through the forest.

__________________________________________________________________________

3. I'm still training because I like to be strong and healthy.

__________________________________________________________________________

4. Who's the boy that's whistling on his way here?

__________________________________________________________________________

5. I'm looking for a house in Del Mar but they're very expensive.

__________________________________________________________________________


31/31

6. The geologists are still measuring the San Andreas Fault.

__________________________________________________________________________

7. That young man is fleeing from the policeman that's following him.

__________________________________________________________________________

8. There he is. He's running toward us.

__________________________________________________________________________

9. Who's the man who's getting dressed in the other room?

__________________________________________________________________________

10. Vctor is going around town telling lies again.

__________________________________________________________________________

11. Fees at UCSD keep going up every year.

__________________________________________________________________________

12. It saddens me to know that you are not feeling well.

__________________________________________________________________________

13. They are having problems with their computer.

__________________________________________________________________________

14. We are making hamburgers and the students are selling them.

__________________________________________________________________________

Vocabulario: deer = venados; forest = bosque; to train = entrenarse;healthy = bien de salud; to whistle = silbar; expensive =

caro; fault = falla; geologist = gelogo/a; fees = la matrcula;lies = mentiras; hamburgers = hamburguesas

c-i booklet wk 1

Documents