CHAPTER 3The Biosphere

WHAT IS ECOLOGY?

Ecology: the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings.

Biosphere: the entire planet, including all of plants, animals as well as land water and air.

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW

Biosphere

Biome

Ecosystem

Community

Species

WHAT ELSE IS IN AN ECOSYSTEM?

BIOTIC FACTORS

The BIO-logical influences

Every living thing that an organism may come into contact with

Turtles, deer, and all other animals

Ferns, trees and other plant life

ABIOTIC FACTORS Physical or non-living factors These include things we see and things we

don’t Temperature, nutrient availability, wind….

APPLYING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

How many white tailed deer live with in a 5 mile radius of the high school?

What response would be produced in a corn snake population if the amount of mice was reduced in their community?

Has continental drift effected the speciation of southern migratory birds?

DO NOW:

Can you see the energy from the sun? Explain.

Get out all supplies you need for class Notebook Highlighter Vocab sheet

PRODUCERS

Make their own food Rely on energy obtained from their

environment Sunlight Mineral water

Aka AUTOTROPHS Auto: SELF Troph: NUTRITION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Used by autotrophic organisms Photo- sun Synthesis- combination

Light energy is used to power chemical reactions that create simple sugars Plants, Algae and some bacteria

simple sugar

CHEMOSYNTHESIS

Requires NO sunlight Chemical energy is used to produce simple

sugars Energy comes from chemical bonds such as

hydrogen sulfide (sewer gas)

EXTREMEOPHYLLS

Main users of chemosynthesis Live in EXTREME environments

Volcano Vents Deep inside caves

CONSUMERS

Rely on other organisms for energy Must eat (ingest) for energy needs

Aka HETEROTROPHS Hetero: another or different Troph: nutrition

MEAT OR VEGGIES? HOW ABOUT BOTH Carnivores: eat animals (meat) Herbivores: eat plant life Omnivores: eat both plant and animal life

SCAVENGERS & DECOMPOSERS

Scavengers: feed on dead plants and animals Includes earth

worms, mites and snails

Decomposers: break down organic

matter Bacteria and fungi

Do Now: 1. Please get ready for class + get out your Macroinvertebrate lab (bug picking)2.Organize the following organisms as,,,

Red Tailed hawk FEEDS ON: mole and field mouse

Garden Mole FEEDS ON: worms Damsel fly

Field Mouse FEEDS ON: Grasses and insects

Grass FEEDS ON: uses the SUN for photosynthesis

Damsel fly larva FEEDS ON: other insects

Oak leaves FEEDS ON: uses the SUN for photosynthesis

Squirrel FEEDS ON: Acorns

Worms FEEDS ON: fallen leaves

Producers Herbivores Omnivores Carnivores

Do Now: Please “Get ready for class” by getting your food chains out

Red Tailed hawk

Field Mouse

Grass

DO NOW:

What would happen if one of the organisms in your food web was removed?

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE SUN’S ENERGY?

The sun is the greatest source of energy in our universe

Photosynthetic autotrophs make the best use of this energy

Using light energy to power chemical reactions these producers are the start to almost all FOOD CHAINS on land and at sea.

FOOD CHAIN

Represents the passing of energy from one organism to another

Starts with producersenergy is transferred as autotrophs are eaten The energy transfer continues as more animals

enter the food chain.

IN YOUR NOTEBOOKS….

Discuss how…

BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC

BIOTIC vs. BIOTIC

ABIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC

…factors affect each other in the movie.

TROPHIC LEVELS

Each link on a food chain is a separate TROPHIC LEVEL

Producers are the first trophic level 3

Their consumers (herbivores) are in the 2nd trophic level

The 3rd trophic level and up consists of omnivores and carnivores

2

1

Do Now: 1. Please get ready for class. (have your owl lab out)2. Who is the most important organism in the food web

FOOD WEB

A complex feeding relationship between the populations in an ecosystem.

All food chains in an ecosystem are linked together by a food web.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

Representation of energy or matter in each trophic level of an ecosystem

Moving up trophic levels on a pyramid shows that only part of the energy or biomass is passed on to the next trophic level. Usually 10 %

-10 %

-10%

-10%

1g

10g

100g

RECYCLING MATTERS

Matter is not gained or lost It must be recycled within an ecosystem and

between ecosystems Elements, chemical compound (H20) and

other forms of matter follow BIOLOGICALCHEMICAL CYCLES

Do Now:

1. Please get ready for class. Ok so what is being collected today? (your owl lab out) Test Corrections

Get ready for the Quiz.