c h a p t e r – 1:...
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PAGE NO. (1)
EEMMPP OOFF AACCCCHHII BBAAVVRRII SSOOAAPPSSTTOONNEE && DDOOLLOOMMIITTEE MMIINNEE ((MM..LL.. NNOO..55//9988))
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
1.1 Purpose of the Report: The present report pertains to the proposal of M/s. Mahesh
Mantri for Enhancement of production of Soapstone from 8,500 TPA to 20,000 TPA
and Dolomite from 74,700 TPA to 2,40,000 TPA. The mine lease area is 129.50 ha.
As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September
2006, the proposed project falls under Category 1 (a) A1. The EIA Report is required
to get Environmental Clearance (EC) for the project from the Ministry of
Environment and Forest (MOEF), New Deli.
The lessee obtained the a Terms of Reference for enhancing production to 20,000 T.
of Soapstone & 2,40,000 T. of Dolomite on 15.02.2008, and a Public Hearing was
held on 4.10.2008, which was very positive. The Final Presentation was not done due
to some unavoidable reasons, as the period of TOR lapsed hence the new application
submitted. Last Public Hearing for Soapstone of 20,000 MTA & Dolomite 2,40,000
MTA was held on 04-10-2008, the Honarble committee members exempted from a
repeat public consultations in this instance case.
Application for prior environmental clearance for the above proposal was submitted
to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) on 8th June 2012 for determination
of Terms of Reference (TOR) for the preparation of EIA Report.
This EIA Report has been prepared to address the environmental impacts of the
proposed project and propose mitigation measures for the same, based on the TOR
received from MOEF, vide letter No. J-11015/212/2012-IA. II(M) dated 01.11.22012.
Copy of the letter along with compliance to the conditions is enclosed as Annexure-1.
1.2 Identification of the project & project proponent:
Identification of the project: The project is for Mining of Soapstone and Dolomite
in district Rajsamand Tehsil Nathdwara near village Acchi Bavri. This area is
prominent for Soapstone mining and a number of mining leases in an around, are
existing in the region. The project proponent is taking all safeguards to protect
environment in the mines and whole of the area.
CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 11:: IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
Identification of project proponent:
Name – Shri Mahesh Mantri, C/o Shree Yash Enterprises.
Contact address:
C/O Shree Yash Enterprises
1, Panchwati Road No.1
Udaipur (Rajasthan) -313001
0294-2492060
Brief Description of project:
Brief Description: Acchi Bavri Soapstone and Dolomite Mine is situated within a
lease area measuring 129.50 ha.
Ministry of Environment & Forests granted Environment Clearance for the project
vide order No. J-11015/186/2005 IA. II (M) dated 22.9.2006 for a production of 8,500
T. of Soapstone & 74,700 T. of Dolomite per year.
Size of the Project: The proposed size of Soapstone & Dolomite mine is 129.50
hectare area.
Location of the Project:
District & State :– Rajsamand, Rajasthan
Taluka :– Nathdwara
Village :– Acchi Bavri
Area :– 129.50 hectares
Importance to region & country:
Soapstone: Soapstone is an important industrial mineral having a variety of usage
depending on its properties like whiteness, brightness, softness, chemical and mineral
composition, size of particle, oil absorption, slip or lubricating power, shrinkage, low
electrical & thermal conductivity and resistance to heat. The various industries in
which soapstone is used are paper, textile, cosmetic, rubber, ceramic, paints, soaps,
fertilizer, insecticide etc. The soapstone is also used in cereal polishing, bleaching,
odour absorption from foods floor wax, shoe-polish etc.
The quality of soapstone of this area is pesticide grade with some amount of paper
grade. Thus it will be used in respective units as per recovery of different grades.
Apart from Soapstone, dolomite will also be mined, which has market in Detergent
unit, Steel Industries etc.
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
CONSUMPTION OF TALC/ STEATITES/SOAPSTONE 2008-2009
59%
12%
5%3%
21%
Ceramic
Cosmetic
Paint
Paper
Pesticide
Rubber
Others
Talc, in pulverised form, is mostly used as filler in paper, textile, rubber, insecticides
and fertilizer industries. Pure talc after calcining, called 'Lava', is used in the
manufacture of low-loss ceremic materials essential for radio, radar, television, etc. In
roofing products, such as, tar, paper, asphalt shingles and roll roofing, talc acts as a
fire retardant and increases weather resistance. Body and face powders (talcum
powder) are prepared from the finest quality talc after adding deodorant and
perfumes. Massive steatite when cut into panels is used for switchboards and acid
proof tabletops in laboratory, laundry and kitchen sink, in tubs and tanks as well as for
lining alkali tanks in paper industry. Due to its high melting point (1630°"C),
soapstone can be used in refractories and fire places. It is also quite useful in
sculpturing.
Consumption of Talc (Industry-wise): Talc is being used in different industries in
different amounts in 2009-2010 as given in table below:-
Industry (In Tonnes)
Ceramic 24100
Cosmetic 11600
Paint 74300
Paper 221400
Pesticide 42100
Rubber 800
Others 700
Total 375000
Note: Talc is being used in different industries in different amounts as in paper (59%), ceramic (5%), pesticide (12%), cosmetic (3%), paint (21%)
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
PRODUCTION OF TALC BY PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES
36%
2%1%
3%1%
4%
8% 2% 3%
7%
10%
8%
15%
AustraliaAustriaBrazilChinaFinlandFranceIndiaItalyKoreaMexicoRussiaSpainUnited States of AmericaOther countries
PRODUCTION OF TALC IN RAJASTHAN
36%
8%
2%
53%
1%
Banswara
Bhilwara
Dausa
Dungarpur
Kaurali
Rajsamand
Udaipur
PRODUCTION OF TALC (STATEWISE)
73%
9%18%
Andhra Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttra Khand
PRODUCTION OF TALC (STATEWISE)
State Nos. of
mines
2009 -10
Nos. of
mines
2008 -09
Andhra Pradesh
28 72787 33 81914
Bihar 1 2052 1 1410 Chhattisgarh 1 80 1 476
Gujarat 1 2291 1 122 Orissa - - 1 4
Rajasthan 58 622389 68 653258 Tamil Nadu 1 630 - -
Total 120 835119 135 888470
PRODUCTION OF SOAPSTONE BY PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES
Country 2007 2008 2009
Australia 121 130 92 Austria 153 155 111 Brazil 401 405 400 China 2000 2000 2300
Finland 536 528 500 France 420 420 420 India 826 820 820Italy 112 110 110
Korea 50 50 50 Mexico 32 16 33Russia 150 150 150 Spain 78 59 47
United States of America
769 200 527
Other countries 490 421 412Total 6138 5909 5972
PRODUCTION OF TALC IN RAJASTHAN
istrict 2009-10 2008-09 No. of mines
Product -ion
Nos. of mines
Product -ion
nswara 1 4957 1 3581 hilwara 8 188932 14 213909
Dausa 1 752 1 354
ngarpur 7 49532 8 49565 aipur 1 6311 - -
Kaurali 2 3445 2 1720
jsamand
7 15418 7 14625
daipur 31 353042 36 315199
Note: In Rajasthan, Udaipur accounts for 53% of talc production where the mine is present followed by Bhilwara (36%), Rajsamand (2%) & Dungarpur (8%) as shown on the pie chart.
'000 tonnes
'000 tonnes
Note: The production of Talc varies from country to country as shown in the following chart India contribute to 15% of total world production as depicted on the chart.
Note: In India, Rajasthan accounts for nearly three fourth of total production i.e. 73% followed by A.P. (9% & Uttrakhand (18%) as depicted above.
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
PRODUCTION OF DOLOMITE (STATEWISE)
31%
3%
7%
7%
3%
1%
19%
3%
26%
Andhra Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Orissa
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Uttra Khand
1.4 Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried out (As per Terms of Reference): The primary objective of an EIA Study includes determination of the present environmental status, study of the specific activities related to the project and evaluation of the probable environmental impacts due to these specific activities and the recommendations of necessary environmental control measures to mitigate the impacts and improve the environment. The EIA is, thus, a comprehensive study on environmental impacts due to the proposed project and also a tool to assess and mitigate the detrimental impacts on the environment due to operation of the project.
The EIA is aimed at determining the environmental impacts on the study area of the project, which encompasses all areas falling within a radius of 10 km. around the project site.
Purpose: The purpose of the report is to integrate different environmental factors into project planning and decision making by studying probable changes in the various socio-economic and bio-physical characteristics, which will result from the proposed project, so as to achieve ecologically sustainable development.
The purpose of the study is to identify environmental risks, reduce conflicts by promoting community participation, minimize adverse environmental impacts and keep decision makers informed. Thus laying base for environmentally sound Project, such that the benefits shall be observed at all the stages of the Project starting from conceptualization to planning, design, construction, operation, decommissioning and site closure.
The process of EIA has been developed with the prevalent laws and prescribed terms
of reference by understanding the inter-linkages and dynamics between various
PRODUCTION OF DOLOMITE (STATEWISE)
State
Quantity 2009 -10
Quantity 2008 -09
Andhra Pradesh
1538762 1251958
Chhattisgarh 1206950 1317858 Gujarat 250847 169447
Jharkhand 422016 301341 Karnataka 370201 354015 Madhya Pradesh
198044 199377
Maharashtra 80340 94896 Orissa 943015 1614131
Rajasthan 170162 147123 Uttarkhand 1947 53947
Total 5182284 5504093
tonnes
Note: In India, Chhattisgarh accounts for nearly three fourth of total production i.e. 31% followed by Rajasthan (26%) as depicted above.
'000 tonnes
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
activities in order to assess direct, indirect and cumulative impacts on physical and
social environments for evaluating the nature of impacts and provide suitable
mitigation measures.
Scope: The scope of the study is based on the TOR prescribed by the M.o.E.F. This
EIA report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed project in addition to
the findings of the Risk Assessment (RA) study and the On-site Disaster Management
Plan (DMP).
1.5 Methodology of the study: Reconnaissance survey was conducted by Apex Mintech
Consultants, Udaipur with the officials of Shri Mahesh Mantri and sampling locations
were identified with the help of officialials of Team Test House, Jaipur, The
Monitoring stations were decided.
The predominant wind direction in the study area has been recorded from Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD), Dabok.
Topography, location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals and rivers;
Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas;
Accessibility, power availability and security of monitoring equipment, pollution
pocket in the area;
Areas which represent baseline conditions and;
Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental
attributers.
1.6 Structure of Report: The overall contents of the EIA report follow the list of
contents and guidelines prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and Forest. The
report consists of eleven chapters and the contents are briefly described in this section.
Chapter 1: Introduction: Chapter 1 gives brief outline of the project, description of
the nature, size, and location of the project and its importance, description of the EIA
study, including the purpose and scope of the study. Also it covers methods used for
identifying issues, assessing impacts, and designing environmental protection
measures.
Chapter 2: Project Description: This chapter provides information related to various
features of the proposed mine incorporating features of the project, geology, mineable
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reserves, method of mining, employment potential and deployment of machinery. It
also provides the glimpse of project schedule for approval and implementation.
Chapter 3: Description of Environment: This chapter deals with the methodology
and findings of the field studies covering physical, biological and socio economic
environments, carried out to ascertain the baseline environmental condition of the
study area. The primary and secondary data generation were entrusted to reputed
agencies and institutions and the data obtained have been compiled in this chapter. It
includes the information regarding micro-meteorology, water environment, air
environment, soil environment, noise environment, ecological environment and socio-
economic baseline settings of the study area.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and mitigation measures: These
chapters provide details of the environmental impact assessment of the project during
operation phase. It expresses the impacts of the proposed project on the various
components of environment. The FDM modelling exercise pertaining to prediction of
ground level concentration of air pollutants have also been dealt in this chapter.
Mitigation measures are suggested along with the impact prediction to mitigate the
adverse impacts likely to occur on environmental parameters of the proposed project.
Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site): This chapter deals with
the alternatives which can be there other than the mines covering the alternate site &
technology.
Chapter 6: Environment Monitoring Program: Implementation schedule of
mitigation measures & environmental monitoring program have been provided in the
chapter.
Chapter 7: Additional Studies: This chapter provides information regarding the
activities associated with the project likely to pose a risk to man, environment or
property. Such activities include transport, storage, handling and usage of fuels.
Computation of risk assessment has been covered in this chapter. It also provides
details regarding precautionary measures to be taken. This chapter also deals with the
information about on-site disaster management describing the on-site and off-site
emergencies, commands and controls.
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Chapter 8: Project Benefits: This chapter deals with the benefits accruing due to the
project and includes improvements in the physical and social infrastructure.
Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan: This chapter includes the
description of the administrative aspects of the lessee to effectively monitor the
environment after the approval of EIA.
Chapter 10: Summary & Conclusion: This chapter includes the funds for
afforestation & green belt protection, recommendations & the overall justification for
implementation of the project.
Chapter 11: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged: The detailed profile of the
consultants along with their capabilities and experience are highlighted in this chapter.
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
2.1 Type of Project: This is a Soapstone & Dolomite mining project, located near village
Acchi Bavri, Tehsil Nathdwara, District Rajsamand. As per notification of MoEF dt.
14.9.2006, it is mandatory to obtain environment clearance of all mining areas of 5.00
Hect. or more or in case of expansion. As per notification this project measures more
than 50.00 ha. Thus it falls in 'A' category, as the area of lease is 129.50 Hectare. This
is a case for Expansion of Production.
2.2 Need for the Project: This is a Soapstone & Dolomite mining project. Due to
enhanced demand in the market, the project proponent wants increase in production.
The project already has a number of mining machinery which can achieve this
production. There are sufficient reserves of Soapstone and Dolomite in this area. Due
to enhancement of targeted productuion, proponent, Government, and local
inhabitants will get enhanced benefit, revenue and employment, respectively.
2.3 Location (map shows general location specification, project boundary, project
site lay out.)
Location of Mine:
a) The lease hold area is located between Latitudes of 24°49’39” and 24° 50’20” N and
Longitudes of 73°41’00” and 73°41’20”
b) G.T. Sheet No.
45 H/9.
c) Description of FRP of lease: Table -2.1
From To Bearing Distance in metres. T.I.-806 A 140°-7.5' 3547.00
A B 134°-30' 804.672 B C 224°-30' 1609.344 C D 314°-30' 804.672 D A 044°-30' 1609.344
CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 22:: PPRROOJJEECCTT DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
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Nearest Railway Station: The nearest Railway Station is at Udaipur of Western
Railway which is 40 km. from the lease hold.
Nearest Airport: The nearest Airport is located at Dabok, Udaipur which is 65 km.
from mine.
Basic Amenities: The nearest infrastructure facilities are available as: Police Station Gogunda
Telephone Network for cell phone is available.
Medical facility Acchi Bavri
Educational facility Secondary School at Acchi bavri village
Electricity Electric line is passing through the area.
Post Office Gogunda
General Particulars Latitude 24°49’39” N to 24° 50’20” N
Longitude 73°41’00” E to 73°41’20” E
Study Area 10 Km. radius
Tehsil Nathdwara
District Rajsamand
Nearest village Acchi Bavari
Demography: Total Population (around 10 km.) 73943
Male 37317
Female 36626
Climatology: (For 30 years) Average Rainfall 664 mm.
Temp. Max. 30.8°C to 44.6°C
Temp. Min. 0.4 TO 19.7° C
Relative Humidity 61% (Average)
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2.4 Size or magnitude of operation (including associated activities required by or for
the project).
Table - 2.2 Land Status as per Khasra Khatoni
S. No. Particulars Area in Hect. 1. Charnot Land 32.00 2. Govt. Waste Land 27.02 3. Khatedari Land (Non crop) 70.48 Total 129.50
Table -2.3 Land Use pattern of the core area (area in hectare)
S. No.
Particulars Existing land use pattern
After five years
At the end of Life period
1. Mining Pits 3.9153 5.5510 43.6592. Overburden 0.5509 1.8730 -3. Top Soil - 0.0960 -4. Roads 0.5415 0.5415 -5. Mineral Stack Yard - 0.0460 -6. Green Belt * 0.30 3.5000 3.5007. Plantation inside
lease area * 3.50 5.3000 25.000
8. Plantation on waste dump*
- - -
9. Water Reservoir * 0.500 0.500 38.012010. Reclamation *
(Backfilled) - - 5.647
11. Total Used Area 5.0077 8.1075 43.65912. Total Unused Area 124.4923 121.3925 85.841
Total 129.5000 129.5000 129.500 *The area of this row is not calculated in total.
Presently plantation has been done over an area of 2.20 ha., outside lease area on waste dump. So Presently total plantation area is 6 ha.
Note: Natural scattered plants exist in about 15 hectare area.
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GEOLOGY
Topography, General Geology and Local:
i) Topography: The lease area falls with survey of India Toposheet no. 46H/9 between
Latitudes of 240 49’ 39”N and 240 50’ 20”N and Longitudes of 730 41’ 00”E and 730
41’ 20”E. The lease area is located in the famous ridges of Haldighathi. On regional
scale the general topography of the region is regarded as highly undulated terrain. It
comprises of low relief cultivated land as well as north-south trending high & isolated
hillocks & hummocks.
ii) Physiography & drainage of the area: The configuration of the lease area is
rectangular shaped bounded by pillar ABCD. In general the area is elongated along
NNE-SSW. Topographically lease area is of medium relief, undulating terrain,
comprising of hillocks, ridges, and plan land. In general the northern half of the area
(including central portion) is regarded as high undulated terrain due to presence of
hillocks, ridges & valleys. The highest elevated point in the lease area is at 50 m.
above mean sea level & is situated in central western side. Similarly other small
hillocks ridges having peck RL of about 700 mrl are existing in this portion.
The southern half of the lease area is having rather lesser degree of undulation relative
to the northern half.
Its major portion is having gentle undulation. However one prominent hillock having
750 m. amsl of its peak is existing in the southern portion. Three nalas are entering
into the area from the western side, where from the nalla takes NW course and
ultimately merges with a third nalla entering from the western side in northern
portion. Ultimately the main course drains out of the lease area from the northern
boundary. All the nallas are of purely seasonal nature surrounded by a Number of
Dissecting Nallas all around the lease area. These nalas only facilitate the drainage of
rain water in the event of downpour.
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iii) General Geology: The rock formation exposed in the region forms the part of
Aravallis Super Group represented by following lithounits:-
Age Super group Group Formation
Per
Cambrian
Aravalli -- Slate, Phyllite, Quartzite
Upper
Aravalli
Quartzite, Dolomite, Greywacke,
Slate, Phyllite
Lower
Aravalli
Carbonceous Phyllite, Dolomite,
Quartzite, Phosphorite, schist,
Conglomerate Banded Gneissic
complex
Local Geology: Following rock types are exposed in and around the lease area.
Quartz Veins
Ferrugineous Breccia
Pink dolomite
Greyish white dolomite
Greyish black dolomite
Dolomitic Limestone
Siliceous dolomite
Ferruginous dolomite
Shale
Dolomitic limestone (sheared)
Un-classified banded dolomitic limestone
Phyllite and at places carbonaceous schist
Dip & strike of Joints: The entire has a folded structure. Thus variation in dip and
strike is observed. Generally formations in the western side strike along N300 E, and
dip 750 – 800 due SE. In the eastern side the strata strikes E-W dipping 750 – 800 due
north.
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Reserves: Table - 2.4
Total Mineable reserve of the mine
Mineral Reserves in Tonnes Total Reserves in Tonnes Proved Probable Possible
Soapstone 244518.8 54404 53676 352598.8 Dolomite 5846489 1393612 1492289 8732390 Total 6091007.8 1448016 1545965
Table - 2.5
Proposed Production & Overburden in ensuing five years:
Year Soapstone (7.6%)in Tonnes
Dolomite (92.4%) in Tonnes
Overburden in cu.mts.
2013-14 16984.000 206477.000 279975.02014-15 18936.000 230213.000 48295.02015-16 19330.000 235013.000 34348.02016-17 19418.000 236080.000 6815.02017-18 19760.000 240240.000 9598.0
Total 94428.000 1148023.00 379031.0
Life of Mine: Considering average production of 248490 tonnes of mineral per
annum.
Anticipated Life = Mineral yet to be excavated (Proved+Probable reserves)/ average
annual production.
= (6091007.8+1448016) /248490 = About 30 years
2.5 Proposed schedule for approval and implementation:
i) The approval of Mining Plan has been done by the Supdt. Mining Engineer, Udaipur
Circle, Govt. of Rajasthan, vide letter no. SME/UD-Cir/Mine Scheme/Raj./Major/ F-
11/10 /1295 dt. 15.07.11. Its implementation will be done as per plan within a period
of five years. Implementation of Mining Plan, special attention will be given towards
mine development, protection of environment, plantation etc.
ii) After the Environment Clearance all the specific and general conditions will be fully
implemented.
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iii) The consent to operate under Air & Water Act for 2,60,000 TPA will be fully
implemented.
iv) All the provisions of the Mines Act, 1952, Mines Rules 1955 and Metalliferous Mines
Regulation, 1961 will be fully implemented.
v) The competent persons as per M.M.R. 1961 are employed at the mine.
vi) That as per Mines Rules, 1955 the workers are been medically be examined.
vii) The workers have been provided with Provident Fund and will be insured under
Workmen’s Compensation Act.
2.6 Proposed Method of Mining: In the next five years the working would be extended
to systemise the pit & further excavate the mineral in order to fufill the market
demand. The faces would be advanced in all the directions & depth wise for
production as well as recovery. It is expected that there would be increase in quality &
recovery with depth. In order to achieve the desired rate of production the presently
working pit is to be developed according to the required norms of mining. This will
help in better utilization of the resources and systematic development of the mine.
The guidelines to be followed for the purpose are as follows:
i) Reshaping and resizing of the pit systematically
ii) Proper benching in the overburden and the mineral as per the Rules and Regulations.
The bench height is of 6.0 m & the width of the benchs are kept more than height. The
slope of the benches are kept 45 degree from horizontal.
iii) Further development of the mine below the present working area up to the proved and
probable depth of the mineral.
iv) The waste generated shall be dumped in the south –western part of the lease area over
present dumps.
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Salient features of the mine:
Type of mine Opencast Mechanized Mine Mine lease area 129.50 Hectare Acquired land area 62.00 Hectare Mineable Reserve Soapstone 0.255 Million Tonnes
Dolomite 5.953 Million Tonnes Yearwise annual production 20,000 T. Soapstone and 2,40,000 T.
Dolomite Present Depth of working 720 mRL (10 m. agl) Ultimate depth of pit 670 mRL (40 m. bgl) Bench height 6.0 m. in pit & 10 m. in waste Man power 100
Drilling: Drilling is done by I.R. make 100mm T.R. Comp. drilling machine and tractor mounted compressor by specialist drillers.
Loading: Loading of overburden and mineral Dolomite is done with excavators into dumper. Loading of mineral Soapstone is done in dumper manually.
Blasting: Blasting is being done to displace the overburden or mainly to facilitate removal and to fragment it as and when required.
Types of explosive: The quantity will be used per day = 252 Kg. 80% A.N.F.O. will be used = 201 kg. 20% booster explosive will be use = 51 Kg.
Disposal of Waste rock: The proposal for dumping in the approved plan scheme was at the South- eastern part of the lease area. In & adjoining the area total overburden mixed with dolomite lying in dumps are 4,52,484 m3, taking Swell factor 1.5 Insitu volume of waste rock lying in dumps are 678726 m3 .
Nature of Waste: The waste found in the area is mainly dolomitic rocks. On top of this soil, alluvial covers of varying thickness are encountered. The rock fragments of small size are also resulted after mining.
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Table- 2.6 Table showing already accumlated OB
Section line Cross sectional Area (Sq. mts.)
Strike length
Volume (Cu mts.)
a-b 320 120 38,400 c-d 862 80 68,960 e-f 1464 46 67,344 g-h 715 50 35,750 i-j 100 28 2,800 k-l 55 30 1,650 m-n 95 55 5,225
m’-n’ 570 75 42,750 o-p 310 52 16,120 q-r 215 60 12,900 s-t 505 42 21,210 u-v 210 42 8,820 w-x 30 60 1,800 1-2 399 54 21,546 3-4 2015 32 64,480 5-6 1755 32 56,160 7-8 817 29 23,693 9-10 2411 48 1,15,728 11-12 35 125 11,875 13-14 1367 45 61,515
Total O.B. Volume inside & adjoining area 6,78,726 O.B. ÷ Expansion factor (1.5) 4,52,484
Table No. 2.7 Disposable of Waste Rock
Particulars O/B in Cu. mts. (in Lakh)
Area Status
Present status 6.78 3.00 0.55 Hect. inside lease North eastern direction and remaining out side lease
area on Purchase land 1st to 5th Year 1.40 1.32 South East direction
6th to 15th year 2.80 1.32 Same duming area 16th to upto life
period 4.20 5.647 Reclamation
(Backfilled)
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Selection of Waste Rock Dump Site:The dump site has been selected for the
following favourable points:
1. It is already a dump site.
2. The site favourable for dumping.
3. The area is sufficient for long term use.
Table -2.8 Proposed Machinery:
Type & Nos. Capacity Make H.P.
TR Comp.-1 100 mm dia 450 CFM I.R. 140 Tractor Comp-2 125 CFM Khosla 50
Shovel – 1 1.15 Cum. Samsung. Korea
130
Loader – 1 0.3 Cum. JCB 100 Trucks 10 Tonnes Tata 90 Tipper 10 Tonnes Tata 90
D.G. Set -2 110 KVA 60 Kur I.P. 120 Water Pumps -4 - Crompton 50,20,10 & 5
Proposed Extent of Mechanisation: The lessee plans to purchase some more
machinery in the near future.
Table Extent of Mechanisation
Machine No. HP/Capacity
Compressor 1 75 CFM
Jack Hammer 1 32 mm
Dumper 2 10 tonner
Diesel Pump 1 15 HP
After expansion mine owner proposes to employ mine officials in accordance with the
provisions of the MMR 1961. The workers to be employed are semi-skilled and
unskilled. Most of them will come from the nearby villages. They have enough
experience of working in these minerals.
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The Organizational set up is given below:
Mining Engineer/1st Class/2nd Mines Manager 1 Mines Foreman 1 Mine Surveyor 1 Mining Mate 1 Blaster 1 Excavator Operator and Wagon Drill Operators
5
Compressor & Jack Hammer Operators 8 Helpers 5 Dumper Operator 5 Attendance/record clerk 1 Office assistant 1 Watch man 2 Unskilled Workers 70
Transport from mine head to destination: The consumers’ trucks or their contractors will directly approach to the site of stacking of mineral, where mineral is loaded into trucks or dumpers. The lease area is well connected to Rajasmand and well connected by frequent transport and private bus service. The minerals are directly loaded from the pit head into the trucks. Each truck/dumper is weighed at the nearest Weigh Bridge. The road is maintained by the lessee inside and near his lease area. The transport of waste from the working faces to the respective dumping sites is being done by dumpers/trucks.
2.7 Traffic Density: Methodology Vehicle Count: The vehicles plying in both the directions were counted continuously for 24 hours at two locations. The vehicles were counted every hour and recorded under respective category. The vehicles were categorized under various heads like 2/3 wheelers, Four Wheelers, Buses and Trucks/Tankers. The categorization of the vehicles is necessary because the interference factors vary with type of the vehicle.
Table 2.10 Details of Traffic Monitoring
Code Station Location T1 Kaloda Udaipur to Nathdwara T2 Kaloda Nathdwara to Udaipur
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Presentation of Results: The present level of traffic has been converted to Passenger
Car Units (PCU) at all the locations as per the conversion factor.
Table 2.11 Recommended PCU factors for various types of vehicles on rural roads
S.No. Vehicle Type Equivalency Factor FAST VEHICLES
1. Motor Cycle or Scooter 0.50 2. Passenger Car, Pick-up Van or Auto-rickshaw 1.00 3. Agricultural Tractor, Light Commercial Vehicle 1.50 4. Truck or Bus 3.00 5. Truck-trailer, Agricultural Tractor-trailer 4.50 SLOW VEHICLES
6. Cycle 0.50 7. Cycle-rickshaw 2.00 8. Hand Cart 3.00 9. Horse-drawn vehicle 4.00 10. Bullock Cart* 8.00
*For smaller bullock-carts, a value of 6 will be appropriate
Table 2.12 Present Traffic Density (Vehicles/per day)
Code Location 2/3 Wheelers
Car/Jeep Buses/ Trucks
Others
T1 Udaipur to Nathdwara 600 300 550 70 T2 Nathdwara to Udaipur 650 350 500 45
Total 1250 650 1050 115 PCU 625 650 3150 518
Increase in traffic density after Increase in production at the mine.
Table 2.13 Traffic Density After Increase in Production (Vehicles/per day)
Code Location 2/3 Wheelers
Car/Jeep Buses/ Trucks
Others
T1 Udaipur to Nathdwara 610 310 555 72 T2 Nathdwara to Udaipur 700 400 550 50
Total 1310 710 1105 122 PCU 655 710 3315 549
5229
4943
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The overburden generated will be carried to dumping site by vehicle, but there is no
effect on other village or road. As production will increase, the mineral will be carried
out by trucks/or tractors. On an average, 6 trips per hour increase in transportation, the
number of trucks required to ply on the road will increase by about 50 trucks per day.
Table 2.14 Recommended Design Service Volume
Sr. No. Category of Road Maximum PCU/day
1. Intermediate Lane 6000 2. Two lane road 15000
As per Guideline of IRC
That looking to above allowable PCU, we see that there will be no appreciable
increase in soon interference as even after expansion the PCU will remain only 5229,
much below the allowable level for Two Lane Road.
Table -2.15 Phase Wise Conceptual Plan of the core zone (area in hectare)
S. No.
Particulars Existing land use pattern
After five years
At the end of Life period
1. Mining Pits 3.9153 5.5510 43.6592. Overburden 0.5509 1.8730 -3. Top Soil - 0.0960 -4. Roads 0.5415 0.5415 -5. Mineral Stack Yard - 0.0460 -6. Green Belt * 0.30 3.5000 3.5007. Plantation inside lease area * 3.50 5.3000 25.0008. Plantation on waste dump* - - -9. Water Reservoir * 0.500 0.500 38.012010. Reclamation * (Backfilled) - - 5.64711. Total Used Area 5.0077 8.1075 43.65912. Total Unused Area 124.4923 121.3925 85.841
Total 129.5000 129.5000 129.500*The area of this row is not calculated in total.
Presently plantation has been done over an area of 2.20 Hect. outside lease area on waste dump. So Presently total plantation area become 6 Hect.
Note: Natural scattered plants exist in about 15 hectare area.
Table 2.16
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Post Mining (conceptual) Land Use Pattern of Core Zone
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (Area in hect.) S.No. Particulars Inside
lease in Hect.
Water Body
Public use
Undisturbed Total inside lease area
1. Dump Area - - - - -2. Plantation on Dump - - - - -3. Green belt 7.50 mtr. * 3.500 - - - 3.500
4. Plantation on Non
worked area * 25.00 - - - 25.00
5. Excavation Voids - 38.012 - - 38.012
6. Built up area mineral
storage & Road - - - - -
7. Backfill and plantation 5.647 - - - 5.6478. Undisturbed area - - - 85.841 85.841 Total 5.647 38.012 - 85.841 129.500
*The area of this row is not calculated in total.
Table 2.17 Stagewise Cummulative Plantation
Year Green belt on statuary
boundary
Afforestation (inside lease area)
Outside lease on dump
Inside Backfilled area
Total
Area (hect.)
Trees Area (hect.)
Trees Area (hect.)
Trees Area (hect.)
Trees Area (hect.)
Trees
Existing 0.30 250 3.50 3350 2.20 1400 - - 6.00 5000 1st five
year 3.20 3200 1.80 1800 - - - - 5.00 5000
2nd five years
- - 5.00 5000 - - - - 5.00 5000
3rd five years
- - 5.00 5000 - - - - 5.00 5000
4th five years
- - 5.00 5000 - - - - 5.00 5000
5th five years
- - 4.50 4500 - - - - 4.50 4500
6th five year
- - - - - - 5.50 5500 5.50 5500
Total 3.50 3450 24.80 24650 2.20 1400 5.50 5500 36.00 35000
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3.0 General: This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status
of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study
area covers the area falling within 10 km. radius around the existing mining complex.
The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline
environmental conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-
geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation
pattern, ecology, socio-economic profiles of people, land use. The objective of this
section is to define the present environmental status which would help in assessing the
environmental impacts due to the expansion of mines.
This report incorporates the baselines data monitored from October,2012 to
December,2012. Secondary data was collected from various Government and Semi-
Government organizations. The details of environmental attributes and frequency of
monitoring are presented in Table – 3.1
Study Area: According to M.O.E.F. TOR, the study area for the mining project is as
follows:
Mine lease area is "core zone".
10 km. radius from the boundary limits of the mine lease area would be the "buffer
zone".
Map (appropriate scale) of the study area (core and buffer zones), clearly delineating
the locations of various monitoring stations (air/water/noise/soil), superimposed on
locations of habitats are to be shown.
Monitoring and testing has been done as per guidelines of CPCB/M.O.E.F. Baseline
information have been collected by field surveys, monitoring etc. Secondary data with
source mentioned in the text.
CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 33:: DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN OOFF EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
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Table No. 3.1 Environmental attributes and frequency of monitoring
Sr. No.
Environmental Component
Sampling Locations
Sampling Parameters
Total Sampling
Period
Sampling Frequency
1. Meteorology One central
location
Temperature Wind
Speed, Wind Direction
Rainfall
Relative Humidity
1 season Hourly
2. Ambient Air
Quality
5 sampling
locations
PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & Nox Two days per
week for 3 months
24 hrs.
3. Water Quality 5 sampling
locations
As per IS:10500-1991 Grab sampling Once during study
period
4. Noise 5 sampling
locations
Leq 24 h. composite Once during study
period
5. Soil 5 locations Chemical constituents,
Suitability for
agricultural growth
Composite sample Once during study
period
6. Terrestrial
Ecology
Total study
area
Flora and fauna Field observations Once in study
period
7. Demography and
Socio-economic
aspects
Total study
area
Demographic profile - -
8. Land Use Total study
area
Trend of land use change
for different categories
- -
9. Hydro-Geology Total study
area
Ground water study - -
10 Geology Total study
area
Geological History - -
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Summary of data collected for various Environmental parameters are as follows:-
3.1 Land Environment: Land use. Drainage pattern. Soil Environment. Test Report.
3.2 Water Environment: Water balance chart Water consumption & source. Ground water graph Ground water recharge Surface water Test Reports
3.3 Air Environment: Wind rose diagram Ambient air quality Frequency & parameters for sampling Duration of sampling Criteria for selection Test reports.
3.4 Noise Environment: Sampling Location Test reports
3.5 Ecological Environment Existing biodiversity Details of terrestrial ecological sampling locations Terrestrial Flora Terrestrial Fauna
3.6 Socio-economic Environment: Demography & socio-economics Methodology adopted for the study Demographic aspects Infrastructure facilities Population table
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3.7 Base map of all environmental components: Enclosed.
3.1 Land Environment: Since mining is essentially an excavation of mineral ore the land environment is greatly affected by it, especially in the case of opencast mines, effect on the surface land.
Land Use/ Land cover: The existing land use/ land cover pattern in the study area of Buffer zone (10 km. radius) has been studied.
Land use studies: Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an important role in identifying sensitive issues and taking appropriate actions by maintaining 'Ecological Homeostatic' for development of the region.
Objectives: The objectives of land use studies are:
To determine the existing land use pattern in the study area; To analyze the impacts on land use in the study area; and To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis existing
project in the study area and its associated impacts.
Methodology: The land use pattern within 10 km radius area around the lease hold has been studied by analyzing the available secondary data published in the Census Book of Udaipur and Rajsamand Districts.
The land use is classified into four types – viz. forests, area under cultivation, culturable waste and the area not available for cultivation. The land under cultivation is further sub-divided into two types viz. irrigated and un-irrigated.
The study area has been divided into three zones viz. Zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-III respectively. The details of the zones are given in the Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Details of Zones
Study area Zones considered for the study 0-3 km Zone-I
3-7 km Zone-II
7-10 km Zone-III
Land Use in study area based on District Handbook
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The study area falls in Nathdwara Tehsil of Rajsamand district. There are about 51
villages within 10 km zone around mine lease area. In order to establish the land use
pattern in the study area, the total geographical area of each settlement has been
considered though many villages located in the peripheries of the study block have
been covered partially in the study area. These areas were studied in detail to get the
idea of land use pattern in the study area. The land use pattern for the study area is
given in Table 3.3 and the village-wise land use pattern is presented in Annexure 6.
The study area covers 31400 Hectare within the circle encompassed by 10 km. radius
around the of boundary of existing mine lease, which is considered as the centre of the
study area.
The geographical area of all the settlements is taken into consideration though several
villages are covered partially within the circle (at the periphery) encompassed by 10
km. radius around the existing mine site. Delineation of land uses for partially
covered parts is not possible; hence the entire village area is considered for the study
of land use.
The land use is classified into four types – viz. forests, area under cultivation,
culturable wasteland and the area not available for cultivation. The land under
cultivation is further sub-divided into two type's viz. irrigated and unirrigated.
Table 3.3 Land use pattern of Buffer Zone (area in hectares)
Study area
(radius km)
Geographical Area
Forest Land Under Cultivation
Culturable waste land
Area not available for Cultivation Irrigated
by Source Un
irrigated 0-3 4682.2 523
(11.17%) 737
(15.74%) 421.2
(9.00%) 1995.4
(42.62%) 1005.6
(21.48%) 3-7 8409.0
1008.5
(11.99%) 402.3
(4.78%) 1580.6
(18.80%) 3829.5
(45.54%) 1588.1
(18.89%) 7-10 18550.8 810.5
(4.37%) 1420.6 (7.66%)
3315.3 (17.87%)
5672.3 (30.58%)
7332.1 (39.52%)
Source: District Primary Census Hand Books – Udaipur & Rajsamand districts.
Forest land: The forest is spreading over 2342 ha. area and works out to about 7.40%
of the land in the study area of 10 km. radius from mine lease boundary.
PAGE NO. (31)
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Land under cultivation: Altogether 7877.0 ha. land is used for cultivation mostly
under the rain-fed conditions. The total land put to agriculture works out to about
24.90% of the land portion of the study area. The un-irrigated and irrigated land
works out to about 8.10% and 16.80%of the land portion of the study area
respectively.
Culturable Waste Land: This category of land includes mainly cultivable land,
which has not been brought under cultivation at any time. The area under this
category works out to about 11497.2 ha. i.e. 36.33% of the total land in the study area.
Land not available for Cultivation: All the lands not included in the above
categories of land uses are considered in the category of land not available for
cultivation. This category of land use mainly consists of the hilly and barren lands,
human settlements, roads, water-bodies, etc. About 9925.8 ha. area working out to
about 31.37% of the land portion of the study area falls in this category.
Physiography & Drainage: The lease hold area is characterized by rugged terrain
comprising almost bare ridges with moderate to steep hills with a low lying valley,
whereas buffer zone representing highly undulating terrain due to presence of
numerous ridges and vallies. The highest elevation in the Buffer zone is 725 m. amsl
and the lowest elevation in village Molela is 596 m. amsl., on the bank of river Banas.
The lease hold area is located on the southern side of Banas River.
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Drainage pattern: There are no prominent surface water bodies in the lease hold area
except few small anicut constructed in the lower elevation of the mine. Besides
anicuts, 5-6 Nos. of Sub Surface barriers (S.S.B.) have also been constructed on the
1st order drainage which is passing through the lease hold area in the South eastern
side.
The drainage map reveals that there is a major 'Divide' parallel to the strike of the
formation is NE-SW. Mine area is located in the eastern side of this ‘Divide’ in the
foot hill zone. 1st order drainage is passing through the lease hold area in the eastern
boundary.
Due to its topographical features entire buffer zone is having ‘dendritic drainage’
patterns, except at some areas the radial pattern is also noticed. However two sets of
prominent drainage features are observed in eastern portion. In the North and western
portion a prominent drainage courses passing towards north and ultimately all drains
merge with in the Banas River.
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Soil Environment: It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and
identify the current impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and
also predict impacts, which may arise due to the proposed expansion. Accordingly, a
study of assessment of the baseline soil quality has been carried out.
Data Generation: For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were
selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the mine area representing
various land use conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations
were determined. The samples were collected by ramming an auger into the soil up to
a depth of 90 cm.
The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this
will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the
operation of mine. The sampling locations have been identified with the following
objectives:
• To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;
• To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and
• To determine the impact on soil more importantly from agricultural productivity
point of view.
Soil sampling locations: Five locations within 10-km radius in & around mine site
were selected for soil sampling and analysis. At each location, soil samples were
collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface
and are homogenized. The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and
chemical characteristics.
The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico-
chemical parameters.
The details of the sampling locations are given in Table-3.4. The soil quality at all the
locations during the study period is tabulated in Table-3.4.1
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Table – 3.4 DETAILS OF SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR ALL PARAMETERS
Station Code
Name of the Station Distance w.r.t. Mine Site (km)
Direction w.r.t. Mine centre
Present Land Use
S1 Mine Site - - Mine location
S2 Unwas 7.00 North east Agricultural Land
S3 Acchi Bavri 0.50 South west Agricultural Land
S4 Kadmal 6.00 West Agricultural Land
S5 Ghodach 5.00 South Agricultural Land
Table No. 3.4.1
Soil Analysis Results S.No. Parameters Mines Pit Unwas Acchi
Bavri Kadmal Ghodach
1. pH 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.5 7.9 2. Colour Red
Brown Brown Dark
Brown Brown Dark
Brown 3. Calcium as Ca% 0.62 0.32 0.65 0.56 0.38 4. Nitrate as NO3% 0.032 0.025 0.035 0.03 0.022 5. Phosphorus as
P% 0.020 0.060 0.030 0.065 0.062
6. Sodium as Na% 0.31 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.13 7. Potassium as
K% 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.06
8. Conductivity µmho/cm
250 200 510 610 958
9. Sulphate % 0.019 0.011 0.025 0.023 0.032 10. Organic
Carbon% 0.14 0.56 0.39 0.25 0.85
11. Organic Matter%
0.24 0.96 0.67 0.43 1.46
The copy of original test report attached as Annexure 13.
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Baseline Soil Status:
It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly clayey in the study area. The
common colour of the soil ranged from light brown to dark brown i.e. brownish
block.
It has been observed that the pH of the soil ranges from 7.5 to 7.9 indicating that soil
is neutral to light acidic in nature.
The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 200 to 958 µmho/cm,
with maximum (958µ mho/cm) observed in Ghodach village and with the minimum
(200 µ mho/cm) observed in Unwas village.
The organic carbon value ranges between 0.24 to 1.46%. The maximum value
(1.46%) was observed in Ghodach village (S-5), the minimum value (0.24%) was
observed in mine site (S-1) indicating that the soils are categorized as very less to less
and soils are deficient in organic carbon.
It has been observed that soil is mostly clayey and colour of the soil ranged from
brown to dark brown. pH indicating that soil are neutral to acidic in nature and
electrical conductivity values shows that soils are average and not saline in nature.
The organic carbon and organic matter is less present in the soil. Overall soils are
good to moderate.
3.2 Water Environment: Selected water quality parameter of ground water resources
within 10 km. radius of the study area has been studied for assessing the water
environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the renewal of mining operation. The
understanding of the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact
Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate
mitigation measures for implementation.
The purpose of this study is to:
Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;
Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational
resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and
Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.
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A hydrogeological field investigation and base line study was conducted to evaluate
and assess the impact of mining on the regional hydrologeological parameters.
Climate & Rainfall: The lease hold area falls under sub humid condition and semi
arid type of climate prevails in the area. Annual rain fall varies from 321mm (in the
year 2000) to 1004 mm (in the year 2005), with normal annual rainfall of 508.34 mm,
recorded at Nathdwara Tehsil raingauging station.
Table: Rainfall received at Nathdwara Tehsil Raingauging station Source – Nathdwara Tehsil office & G.W.D.
S.No. Year Rainfall in mm. 1. 2000 321 2. 2001 815 3. 2002 339 4. 2003 403 5. 2004 441 6. 2005 1004 7. 2006 774 8. 2007 591 9. 2008 345 10. 2009 595
'Normal Annual' Rainfall is 508.34 mm (1901-2009)
Hydrology: The lease hold area and buffer zone is a part of the large Banas Basin
area, characterised by hilly terrain belonging the Aravalli chain of mountains. All
prominent seasonal water drainage (nallah) in core and buffer area is sloping towards
lowest levels in Northern and eastern side and ultimately merging with river Banas.
No prominent surface water bodies are present in the area except some village ponds
and small anicuts constructed in the low lying areas of drainages.
Hydrogeology & Ground Water: Ground water occurs under water table to semi
confined conditions and is transmitted through fractures, joints and foliations planes
of biotite schist & phyllites and through bedding planes and solution cavities of
dolomite. Biotite schists and Phyllites are impervious in nature and have developed
secondary porosity only due to joints and foliations. Whereas dolomite is some what
pervious in nature, as compared to schist & phyllites. The depth of water in buffer
zone ranges from 10 to 20 metres below the land surface near the river courses,
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surface water reservoirs and ponds during pre monsoon period, while it is deeper in
the area from 25 to 35 mts. below the land surface. The water levels during post
monsoon period are shallow along the Banas river from less than 10 metres to 25
metres on elevated areas.
The fluctuations due to rainfall and ground water with drawal are significant in the
buffer zone as the rocks have very low fracture porosity and hydraulic conductivity.
Movement of ground water: Ground water movement is controlled mainly by the
hydraulic conductivity of the crystalline metamorphics and hydraulic gradient. The
ground water movement takes place through the fractures and foliations of the
schist/phyllites. A review of the topography and drainage pattern in the buffer zone
reveals that the general slope of the area in Banas basin is towards north, north east.
The ground water movement also follows the topography and is towards the North
and north east.
Nature of hydraulic conductivity: The principal aquifer of the area is schists &
phyllites, the hydraulic conducitivity is developed due to fractures and foliations. The
hydraulic conductivity is very low, less than 1 metre / day. The hydraulic conductivity
in dolomites is much more than schist & phyllites and more than 1 metre/day.
Yield of wells: There are a number of open wells in the buffer zone. Recently,
cultivators have started boring tube wells also for irrigation. Open wells yield meagre
discharge ranging from 25 to 60 m3/day, whereas tube wells yield moderate discharge
ranging from 40 to 100 m3/day, depending on hydraulic conductivity.
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Ground water level with respect to mining activity: In and around lease. hold area
(in buffer zone) water level varies between 15 – 30 mts. bgl. Mining activities are
going on at 720 m. amsl i.e. 15 mts. below the heighest elevation of mine and it is 10
mts. above ground level.The highest elevation i.e. pit top in mine is at 735 m. amsl
and it is 25 m. agl i.e. general ground level is at 710 m. amsl. The ultimate pit limit of
the mining activities is upto 670 mRL and is 40 m. bgl. The water level in the mine
area (core zone) is 30 – 40 m. below ground level i.e. pre-monsoon water level is 33
mts. bgl and at 677 m. amsl, where as a rise of 4-5 mts. is observed during post-
monsoon water level. Where as the mining is confined at 670 m. amsl i.e. 7 mts.
below the water level.
FIG.:3.2. SECTION SHOWING THE LEVELS OF THE SURFACE, BOTTOM MOST
WORKING, GROUND WATER TABLE ETC.
Ground Water Estimation: Ground water estimation of an area is based on total
recharge, total draft, stage of ground water development and status of ground water
(category) of the area as defined by the guide lines issued by Ground Water
Estimation Committee – 1996.
25 mts. agl
0 mts.
735 mRL Pit Top 720 mRL Present working 10 mts. agl
710 mRL General Ground level 701 mRL After 5 Years
677 mRL Water Level 9 mts. bgl
Fig. 3.2 Not to Scale
33 mts. bgl 670 mRL U.P.L. 40 mts. bgl
750 mRL – Hill Top
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Ground water recharge is estimated by water level fluctuation approach and by
Rainfall infiltration approach. Variation in recharge calculated by above two methods
will be considered which is less or variation is 20% in positive side; the recharge
through R.I. method considered for all calculation purposes. Like this, total
withdrawal is also calculated by considering details/nos. of existing ground water
abstraction structures for various uses viz:
(a) Drinking/Domestic
(b) Mining/Industrial
(c) Afforestation
(d) Dust Suppression
Besides above recharge, artificial recharge of ground water through various structure
constructed/proposed in the lease area or outside the lease area, is also calculated and
summed-up in the total recharge.
A. Ground water recharge estimation:
A (i) Recharge through water level fluctuation method:
= Area x sp. yield x Fluc.
= 1.2950 sq.kms. x 1.5% x 3 mts.
= 1.2950 x 0.015 x 3
= 0.0582 MCM.
A (ii) Recharge through R.I. method:
= Area x R.I. factor x Normal Rainfall in mts.
= 1.2950 x 8% x 0.5083 mts.
= 1.2950 x 0.08 x 0.5083
= 0.0526 MCM
Remark: Variation in recharge calculated by above two methods is less than 20%,
hence recharge through W.L. fluctuation method has been considered for calculation
purpose i.e. 0.0582 MCM.
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B. Ground water draft estimation: In the mine area water is required for drinking/domestic purposes. For this a Tube well is constructed in administrative block. The water withdrawn from this tube well is used only for drinking and domestic purposes. Water used for mining activity, afforestation, dust suppression etc. is drawn from the sump/pit or from the check dam constructed in the lower elevation of the mine in NE side of the lease hold area.
B (i) Ground water withdrawal for 100 people @ 10 lit/day for 300 days. = 100 x 10 x 300 days = 300000 litre = 0.0003 MCM
B(ii) Surface water requirement for the mining activities is as below: (a) For drilling activity = 1 KLD (b) For dust suppression = 3 KLD (c) For afforestation = 8 KLD Total consumption is = 12 KLD Yearly consumption is 12 KLD x 300 days = 12000 x 300 days = 3600000 litre = 0.0036 MCM
Remarks: This 0.0036 MCM of water required for mining activity as mentioned above, has been taken from the rain water collected in the sump and check dam constructed in the mine during monsoon period.
B (iii) A sump /pit is constructed with the dimension of 50 x 30 mts. and depth is 6 mts. They clay coating is made in the bottom to prevent the seepage of water. Thus the volume of water stored in the sump will be as follows: Area of sump x depth in mts. = 50 x 30 x 6 mts. = 9000 m3 litre = 9000000 litre = 0.0090 MCM
After evaporation & other losses (20%) 0.0072 MCM of rain water can be used for
mining activities.
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B (iv).A check dam is also constructed in the North eastern boundary of the mine
area. The check dam is constructed on domite formation which is cavernous in nature.
Besides storage of water, it also recharged the ground water reservoir. The volume of
water stored in the check dam is as below:
= Area of check dam x Av. height
= 100 x 100 x 2 mts.
= 20000 m3
= 0.0200 MCM
After evaporation & other uses (30%) 0.0140 MCM of water can be used for mining
activities. The total volume of the stored surface water in the sump & check dam is as
below:
B (iii) + B (iv)
= 0.0072 + 0.0140 MCM
= 0.0212 MCM
Remarks: 0.0212 MCM of surface water, collected in the monsoon period is used for
mining activities as mentioned above.
C. Ground water balance (in the lease hold area) is as below:
Total Recharge – Total Draft
= 0.05892 – 0.0003 MCM
= 0.0546 MCM
D. Stage of Ground Water Development: The stage of Ground water development in
the lease area is 1.04% and categorized as 'safe'.
E. Findings of the State GWD & CGWB for Buffer zone area: The State Ground
Water Department (GWD) jointly with Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)
computes the status of ground water development for each block (Panchayat Samitee)
every year and publishes the findings once in 3 or four years. The findings of the
GWD & CGWB for the year 2009 have just been released which indicate that the
ground water potential of zone Sc & Ph (N.C.) in which the mine exists comparing
metamorphics (Phyllites & schists) of Badgaon/Khamnor blocks covering 236.77
sq.kms. get ground water recharge of 6.9027 mcm. The withdrawal for irrigation is
7.5720 mcm, indicating the status of ground water development is 109.70% and
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categorized as over exploited. The GWD has also observed long term decline trend of
water levels during pre and post monsoon periods.
Quality of Ground Water: The quality of ground water is suitable for
drinking/domestic as well as far agriculture purposes. The chemical analysis results of
ground water samples collected during EIA study were compared with standards for
drinking, and found suitable and within the permissible limits as per IS 10500 – 1991.
Water Sampling Locations: Ground water samples covering 10 km radial distance
were drawn & examined for requisite physico-chemical parameters following the
standard procedures in order to assess the effect due to renewal of mining lease and
also due to other activities on water environment. Description of the selected water
sampling stations is given in the Table 3.4. It may be mentioned these sampling
location represent nearly true state of affairs of water environment in and around the
project site.
Quality of Ground Water: The quality of ground water in the mine and buffer zone
area is suitable. The chemical analysis results are appended in the report. The
analysis result shows that ground water is suitable for drinking as well as for
agriculture purposes. No change in quality is observed after mining activities in the
core as well as in buffer zone area as mine pits are not touching ground water level.
Moreover, soapstone itself is an inert mineral and no chemicals or pollutants are used
in its mining, thereby, not leading to any consequential contaminating of ground
water. Results of water analysis are shown in Table 3.5.
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TABLE- 3.5 WATER ANALYSIS RESULT
S. No.
Parameters Mines Pit Unwas Acchi Bavri
Kadmal Ghodach
1. pH 7.61 7.02 7.09 7.14 7.02 2. Colour Hazen 1 1 1 1 1 3. Conductivity
µmho/cm 560 612 740 792 960
4. Turbidity NTU 0.48 0.76 0.84 1 0.68 5. Total hardness as
CaCO3 mg/l 340 340 330 370 350
6. Chlorides as Cl mg/1
19.11 33 42.43 51.80 89.97
7. Iron as Fe mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 8. Total Dissolved
solid mg/l 396 410 504 515 565
9. Residual free chlorine mg/l
Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
10. Odour Unobjectionable
Unobjectionable
Unobjectionable
Unobjectionable
Unobjectionable
11. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l
36.2 30.59 85.59 78.23 55
12. Total alkalinity as CaCO3
270 252 280 304 320
13. Fluoride as Fmg/l 0.24 0.24 0.30 0.3 0.33
14. Nitrate as No3 mg/l
18.18 24.72 20.81 9.18 29.12
15. Sodium as Na mg/l
44 68 51 43 68
16. Potassium as K mg/l
1 2.7 12.5 2.5 12
The copy of original test reports attached as Annexure 11.
The Chemical analysis of water in the mining area and buffer zone was carried out. The
results show that ground water is suitable for Agriculture as well as drinking purposes.
No adverse effect was observed on water quality owing to mining activity in core as well
as Buffer zone.
The mineral Soapstone and Dolomite are inert and innocuous, free from any contaminants
that can cause pollution or undesired contamination.
There is no possibility of pollution at this mine owing to present mining practice.
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3.3 Air Environment:
Wind Rose Diagram: Wind speed and direction plays a vital role in predicting the
extent of air pollution. It gives a clear view about the extent to which air pollutants are
dispersed and transported in the atmosphere. Wind Rose is the diagrammatic
representation of wind speed in a specific direction with its arms representing sixteen
directions; each arm gives a clear frequency distribution of wind speed. Source of data
is the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), which maintains a network of
meteorological stations at several important locations. The nearest IMD station i.e.
Dabok-Airport is located at about 65 km from mine. Meteorological information
collected from this station is temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed and
direction.
Table No. 3.6 SUMMARY OF IMD data of Dabok
Month Temp. (°C ) Humidity (%) Rainfall
(mm) Min. Max. Min. Max.
October,12 12.5°C 35.4°C 20 88 0.0
November,12 10.2°C 31.0°C 22 86 0.0
December,12 5.3°C 29.2°C 21 91 0.0
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Table 3.7 Average Frequency table for the month of October’2012, November’2012 and
December’2012 from I.M.D. Udaipur Data (8:30 Morning Time) S.No. Direction Percentage
Nos. of days wind from and speed
(1.5-5 Km/hr)
Percentage Nos. of days wind from and Speed
(6-10 Km/hr)
Percentage Nos. of days wind from and Speed
(11-15 Km/hr)
Percentage Nos. of days wind from and Speed
(>15 Km/hr)
Total percentage Nos. of days wind
from
1. Calm - - - - 10.33 (34.09%) 2. N - 0.33 (1.08) - - 0.33 (1.08%) 3. NE 0.33 (1.08) 0.67 (2.20) - - 1.00 (3.30%) 4. ESE 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08%) 5. E 1.33 (4.39) - - - 1.33 (4.39 %) 6. SE 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %) 7. SSE 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %) 8. S 1.67 (5.51) 0.67 (2.20) - - 2.34 (7.72 %) 9. SW 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %)
10. W 4.67 (15.41) 2.67 (8.81) - - 7.34 (24.22%) 11. WNW 2.67 (8.81) 0.33 (1.08) - - 3.0 (10.00) 12. NW 1.33 (4.39) 1.33 (4.39) 0.67 (2.20) - 3.33 (10.99) 13. VRB 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %)
Fig.3.3: Showing the Wind rose diagram on the basis of data collected from IMD-station Dabok, Udaipur.
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Table 3.8
Average Frequency table for the month of October’2012, November’2012 and December’2012 from I.M.D. Udaipur Data (17:30 Evening Time)
S.No. Direction Percentage Nos. of days wind from and speed
(1.5-5 Km/hr)
Percentage Nos. of days wind from and Speed
(6-10 Km/hr)
Percentage Nos. of days wind from and Speed
(11-15 Km/hr)
Percentage Nos. of days wind from and Speed
(>15 Km/hr)
Total percentage Nos. of days wind
from
1. Calm - - - - 10.00 (33.00%) 2. N 1.0 (3.30) 0.33 (1.08) - - 1.33 (4.39%) 3. NNE 0.33 (1.08) 0.67 (2.20) - - 1.00 (3.30%) 4. NE 2.67 (8.81) 4.0 (13.2) 0.33 (1.08) - 7.0 (23.10%) 5. ENE 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %) 6. E 2.33 (7.69) 1.0 (3.30) - - 3.33 (10.99 %) 7. SE 0.67 (2.20) 1.67 (5.51) - - 2.34 (7.72 %) 8. S 0.67 (2.20) 2 (6.60) - - 2.67 (8.81 %) 9. SW - 0.33 (1.08) - - 0.33 (1.08 %)
10. W 1 (3.30) 0.33 (1.08) - - 1.33 (4.39 %) 11. NNW 0.33 (1.08) - - - 0.33 (1.08 %) 12. VRB 0.67 (2.20) - - - 0.67 (2.20 %)
Fig.3.4: Showing the Wind rose diagram on the basis of data collected from IMD-station Dabok, Udaipur.
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Ambient Air Quality:
In order to collecd necessary baseline information related to environment in and
around the mining lease area, an area of km. radius around the periphery of the core
zone was selected. The study area covers mostly the rural area.
Frequency & Parameters of sampling:
Ambient air quality has been carried out with a frequency of 2 days per week at all the
sampling stations during study period. The baseline data of air environment has been
generated for the following parameters:
Particulate Matter (size less than 10 µm) (PM10)
Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 µm) (PM2.5)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Duration of sampling: The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & NOx is 24
hourly with minimum 24 measurements in three months at a particular site taken
twice a week.
Table-3.9 Details of ambient air quality monitoring
Station Code
Name of the Station
Distance w.r.t. site
(km)
Direction w.r.t. site
Environmental Setting
A1 Mine Site - - Mining Activities A2 Unwas 7.00 NE Rural/Residential activities
area. A3 Acchi Bavri 0.78 E Rural/Residential activities A4 Kadmal 6.10 W Rural/Residential activities A5 Ghodach 4.51 SSW Semi Urban Area
Criteria for selection For Monitoring stations: Primary wind data were collected
from IMD of last 30 years wind speed. In this format Percentage number of days of
Wind direction given in a month. Observations are summarized in Table 3.10 & 3.11.
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Table No. 3.10 Wind direction in Percentage Days of
last 30 years by IMD Dabok (8:30 Morning Time)
Month Wind speed with Direction in percentage days N NE E SE S SW W NW CALM
October 3 1 0 0 1 1 3 3 88 November 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 95 December 5 1 1 0 0 1 3 3 86
Total 10 3 1 0 1 2 7 7 269
Table No. 3.11 Wind direction in Percentage Days of
last 30 years by IMD Dabok (17:30 Morning Time)
Month Wind speed with Direction in percentage days N NE E SE S SW W NW CALM
October 5 6 4 2 4 9 11 7 52 November 1 5 6 3 2 3 4 3 73 December 3 7 10 2 3 8 4 2 63
Total 9 18 20 7 9 20 19 12 188
Generally light to moderate wind speed prevails throughout the year. Wind speed is
weak and moderate particularly during the morning hours, while in the afternoon
hours the wind speed is stronger.
Pre dominant Wind Direction: A study of table No. 3.10 & 3.11 shows that:
(i) The first pre dominant wind direction is from W to E. (ii) The second pre dominant wind direction is from SW to NE. (iii) The third pre dominant wind direction wind direction is from NE to SW as well as
from E to W.
Details of the Sampling Locations:
• AAQ-1: Mine Site: it is located within the core zone. Thus wind direction has not be
taken in the count.
• AAQ-2: Unwas: it is located near village unwas. The station lies in the upwind
direction. In the first pre dominant upwind direction. It is at a distance of about 7km in
the NE of mine site. The station is located at the highest point of residential building at a
height of about 4.5m from the ground level.
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• AAQ-3: Acchi Bavri: it is located near village Acchi bavri in the first pre dominant
downwind direction. It is at a distance of 0.78km in the E of the mine. This station also is
at the top of a residential building at a height of about 4.5m from the ground level. The
surrounded by agricultural fields.
• AAQ-4: Kadmal: it is located in the second pre dominant downwind direction near
village kadmal, at a distance of 6.10km in the W of the mine site. The station is at the top
of the residential building at a height of 5.0m from the ground level. The village is
surrounded by open scrub & agricultural fields.
• AAQ-5: Ghodach: The fifth & the last monitoring station is situated in the village
Godach. It is in the second pre dominant downwind direction. It is at a distance of about
4.51km in the SSW of the mine. The station is located on the roof of a shop at a height
about 6m from the ground level.
Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results: Air samples covering 10 km. radial distance
were examined for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx parameters in order to assess the effect of
expansion of mining operations and other activities on air. The air sampling locations and
summary of results are shown in Table 3.12 on foregoing page.
Instruments used for Sampling: Respirable Dust Samplers APM-460 BL & Fine
Particulate Sampler APM 550 instruments have been used for monitoring PM10, PM2.5, SO2
and NOx.
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Table 3.12 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results
PARAMETERS Location
Mines
pit
Unwas
Acchi
Bavri
Kadmal
Ghodach
PM10
(µg/m3)
Max. 67.8 56.7 62.4 60.2 43.7
Min. 59.4 47.7 57.8 54.9 29.7
Avg. 63.19 53.15 60.13 57.37 39.8
PM2.5
(µg/m3)
Max. 26.8 22.7 24.3 22.6 16.2
Min. 21.2 19.1 18.2 16.4 13.7
Avg. 24.43 20.43 21.74 19.3 14.93
SO2
(µg/m3)
Max. 7.9 6.7 7.4 6.9 6.3
Min. 5.9 5.1 5.7 5.5 4.3
Avg. 6.87 5.98 6.6 6.18 5.33
NOx
(µg/m3)
Max. 25.5 19.2 21.7 20.3 20.1
Min. 20.2 15.8 16.5 16.2 14.1
Avg. 22.5 17.39 19.65 18.27 15.4
The Copy of Original analysis report is attached as Annexure 10.
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Fig.3.5- Showing Concentration of PM10 (µg/m3) on OY- axis
Fig.3.6- Showing Concentration of PM2.5 (µg/m3) on OY- axis
Fig.3.7- Showing Concentration of SO2
(µg/m3) on OY- axis Fig.3.8- Showing Concentration of NOX (µg/m3) on OY- axis
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Fig 3.9 Graph Showing Trend of Ambient Air Quality Parameters (µg/m3)
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3.4 Noise Environment: The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as
function of frequency. Noise in general is sound which is composed of many
frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency
range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the
response of an average human to a complex sound made up to various frequencies at
different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A
weighted Scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range
of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of
noise according to the response of a human ear.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:
Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent, or continuous in nature).
It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously
varying in loudness;
The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in
residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and
The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which
determines the loudness and period of exposure.
The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise
Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The
environmental impact assessment of noise from the mine operations, vehicular traffic
can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage
to hearing, physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses.
The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline
noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated after the
expansion of existing mining activities.
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Identification of Sampling Locations: A preliminary reconnaissance survey has
been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noises at
different noise generating sources have been identified based on the activities in the
village area and ambient noise due to traffic.
Method of Monitoring: Sound Pressure Level (SPL) was measured at all the
monitoring locations. The readings were taken for every hour 24 hours. The day noise
levels have been monitored from 6 am to 10 pm and night levels from 10 pm to 6 am at
all the locations covering study area of 10 km radius.
The noise level at each location was recorded for 24 hours. The monitoring has been
done as per guidelines. The Noise monitoring stations and the results are shown in
Table 3.13.
TABLE- 3.13 AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL
Location of sampling station
Noise level(leq) *, dB(A) Zone Day Time
Night Time
Mine Site 66.1 51.2 Mining
Unwas 48.3 39.1 Rural/Residential Acchi Bavri 49.9 41.2 Rural/Residential
Kadmal 52.3 42.6 Rural/Residential Ghodach 56.3 40.4 Rural/Residential
*The Copy of Original test report attached as Annexure 12.
Baseline Noise Status: Perusal of noise monitoring data indicates that noise level at
the mine site is 66.1 dB(A) during day time and 51.2 dB(A) during night time, and
these levels are well within the standard limits. Daytime noise levels at all the four
monitoring stations are well within the statutory limit of 55 dB(A), showing only
marginally higher values than the stipulated the value of 55 dB(A) for residential
areas. Night time noise levels at all the 4 monitoring stations vary from 39.1 to 42.6
dB(A). However, all due precautions will be taken during mining operations in
general and blasting operations in particular to further contain noise levels at the mine
site.
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3.5 Ecological Environment
Existing Biodiversity
Introduction: A natural ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of nature. It has
components, which exists in harmony and survives by interdependence. Ecosystems
have self-sustaining ability and control the numbers of organisms at any level by
cybernetic rules. The effects of this are that an ecosystem does not become
unbalanced.
Considering the bio-diversity of organisms, their role in productivity and their
importance in human livelihood, it is vital to protect and safeguard these dynamic
ecosystems. Vegetation-Environment complex based on the mature ecosystem having
interaction with climatological aspects on a particular edaphic system, leads to
identification of certain patterns of the forest or vegetation composition.
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to
listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial and
Aquatic ecosystem) conditions. Considering the bio-diversity of organisms and their
role in productivity and their importance in human livelihood, it is vital to protect and
safeguard these dynamic ecosystems.
Objectives of Ecological Studies: The present study was undertaken with the following
objectives:
To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around mine site.
To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the mine lease area.
To assess the distribution of animal life spectra.
To ascertain migratory routes of fauna and possibility of breeding grounds.
To assess land use of study area delineating forest area, agricultural land, grazing land,
water bodies, human settlement and other ecological features.
Identification of Protected areas as per Wildlife protection act, 1972 if any existing and
proposed in study area.
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Methodology Adopted for the Survey:
The different methods adopted were as follows:
Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature
and Government agencies.
Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area.
Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and
their uses.
The present report gives the review of published secondary data and the results of field
sampling conducted.
(i) Review of Secondary Published Data: Rajasthan is the largest state of India located
in the north-western part of India It lies between latitudes 23o3' to 30o12' north and
longitudes 69o30' to 78o17' east. The state is bounded by Pakistan in the west and the
north-west; by the state of Punjab in the north; by Haryana in the north-east; by Uttar
Pradesh in the east; by Madhya Pradesh in the south-east and Gujarat in the south-west.
It is one of the few states of India that show great contrast from one area to another. The
state may be divided into 6 regions:
(1) Western arid region
(2) Semi-arid region
(3) South-eastern region
(4) Chambal ravines
(5) Aravalli region and
(6) Eastern region.
The most striking geological feature of Rajasthan is the Aravalli range the oldest
mountain range in the world, which intersects the state end to end from north-east to
south-west diagonally, covering about 30 per cent area of the state.
The climate of the state varies from semi-arid to arid. Marked variations in diurnal and
seasonal range of temperature occur at all places in the state, exhibiting the most
characteristic phenomenon of the warm-dry continental climate. There are two forest
types namely, Tropical Dry Deciduous and Tropical Thorn forest. Forests are mostly
confined in eastern and southern parts of the state. Udaipur region is located at bio-
geographically pivotal position. The South-west extreme of it belongs to humid to
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sub-humid southern plains of Aravalli and also some fringes of Vindhyan system. It
comprises Tropical dry decidious forest. The geographical limits of the region vary
from arid to sub-humid. The area specifically falls under both the rain systems, i.e.
from Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, resulting into higher rainfall as far as rest of
state is concerned.
(ii) Primary Survey: Terrestrial ecology status
The primary data was generated through:
1. Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the area, along the road side,
waste lands, forest blocks and Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite Mine lease area.
This would indicate the biodiversity for wild and cultivated plants. The plants so
encountered were classified into life form spectrum according to the classification of
Raunkiaer's classification of life form spectrum.
2. Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random
readings at every location.
3. Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows,
pugmarks and other signs.
4. Carrying out physical observation from village area and in and around mine lease areas
one during day time and other during night time for terrestrial fauna.
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a. Terrestrial Flora: Primary Survey
An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to
listing of species & assessment of the existing baseline ecological conditions. There is
no wildlife sanctuary in the study area. Tables 3.14 & 3.15 give the details of flora
present in the buffer and core zones respectively. The Table- 3.23 gives details of
fauna of the study area.
Terrestrial Flora: Detailed survey was conducted to study the flora of study area
(Core zone and buffer zone) which is enumerated in Table 3.14 & 3.15.
Table 3.14
List of plants found growing in the core zone of the project area
S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form
Herb 1. Echinops echinatus
Roxb. Asteraceae
Oont-Kateli Ch
2. Adhatoda zeylanica Medic.
Acanthaceae Adusa Ph
3. Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk) Burmmit.
Acanthaceae Atrilal Th
4. Lindenbergia muraria (Roxb. ex D. Don.) Bruehl.
Scrophulariaceae Patthar-chatti Th
5. Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Ratanjot Ph 6. Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Dhatura Ch 7. Ottelia alsimoides Pers. Hydrocharitaceae
Santawa Th
8. Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke
Scorphulariaceae
Missi Th
9. Solanum virginianum L. Solanaceae Kateri Th
10. Digera muricata (L.) Mart.
Amaranthaceae Latmahuria Th
11. Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.
Amaranthaceae Chirchitta Th
12. Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Akal kohadi Th
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S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form 13. Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Jangli pudina Th 14. Martynia annua L. Martyniaceae Bagh-nakhi Th 15. Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Liliaceae Gawar patha Ph 16. Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Jangli chaulai Th 17. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Kanta chaulai Th 18. Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae Makoi Th 19. Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Cocks comb Th 20. Parthenium
hysterophorus L. Asteraceae Gajjar ghas Th
21. Leucas aspera (Willd.)Link.
Lamiaceae Chhota halkusa Th
22. Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Rasbhari Th 23. Phyla nodiflora (L.)
Green Verbenaceae Jal buti Th
24. Cleome viscose L. Capparidaceae Bagra Th 25. Lepidagathis trinervis
Wall. ex Nees. Acanthaceae Pathar phor Th
26. Dicliptera verticillata (Forsk.) Christens
Acantahaceae - Th
Shrubs 27. Abutilon indicum(L.)
Sweet Malvaceae Kanghi Ph
28. Maytenus senegalensis (Lamk.)Exell.
Celastraceae Malkangni Ch
29. Dyerophytum indicum (Gibs. ex Wt.) O.Ktze.
Plumbaginaceae - Ph
30. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Nirgundi Ph 31. Calotropis procera
(Ait.)R.Br. Asclepidaceae Akra Ch
32. Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) O. Ktze. var. rothiana O. Kuntze
Lamiaceae Ghodegui Th
33. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W.and A.
Rhamnaceae
Jhar Ber Ch
34. Euphorbia caducifolia Haines
Euphorbiaceae Danda thor Th
35. Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Pax
Capparidaceae
Kair Ph
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S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form 36. Ziziphus nummularia
(Burm.f.) W.and A. Rhamnaceae Jhar Ber Ch
Climber 37. Mucuna pruriens
(L.)DC. Fabaceae Kaunch Th
Trees 38. Azadirachta indica A.
Juss. Meliaceae Neem Ph
39. Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd.
Mimosaceae
Jeera Ph
40. Tecomella undulata (Sm.)Seem.
Bignoniaceae Rohiro Ph
41. Butea monosperma (Lamk.)Taub.
Fabaceae Palas, Dhak Ph
42. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Maha nimba Ph 43. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Pipal Ph 44. Holoptelea integrifolia
(Roxb.) Planch Ulmaceae Papri Ph
45. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.
Myrtaceae Safeda Ph
46. Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.
Rhamnaceae Ber Ch
47. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.
Myrtaceae Safeda Ph
48. Cassia siamea Lamk. Caesalpiniaceae Kassod Ph 49. Pithecellobium dulce
(Roxb.) Benth. Mimosaceae Jangal Jalebi Ph
50. Parkinsonia aculeata L. Fabaceae Jelly bean tree Ph 51. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Am Ph
Grasses 52. Aristida adscensionis L.
var. adscensionis L. Poaceae Needle grass He
53. Apluda mutica L. Poaceae Tachula He 54. Brachiaria ramose (L.)
Stapf. Poaceae Browntop millet He
55. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. Poaceae Bhurat He 56. Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Purpletop
chloris He
57. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Poaceae Dub He
58. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.
Poaceae Jangali marua He
59. Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult.
Poaceae Bunch spear grass
He
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Ph= Phanerophytes, Ch= Chamaephytes, He= Hemicryptophytes, Cr= Cryptophytes, Th= Therophytes, Epi= Epiphytes
Table 3.15
List of plants found growing in the buffer zone of the project area
S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form
Herb 1. Alternanthera pungens
H.B.K. Amaranthaceae Khaki Weed Th
2. Alternanthera sessilis (L.)R.Br.
Amaranthaceae Garundi Th
3. Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.)Benth.
Scrophulariaceae Purple Mudwort Th
4. Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Akal kohadi Th 5. Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Dudhi Th 6. Leucas urticifolia R.Br. Lamiaceae Th 7. Adhatoda zeylanica
Medic. Acanthaceae Adusa Ph
8. Ocimum basilicum L. Lamiaceae Marua Th 9. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Lamiaceae Tulsi Th 10. Acanthospermum
hispidum DC. Asteraceae Bristly Starbur Th
11. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.
Scorphulariaceae
Brahmi Th
12. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Asteraceae Bhringaraj Th 13. Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Liliaceae Gawar patha Ph 14. Solanum virginianum L. Solanaceae Kateri Th 15. Euphorbia geniculata
Orteg. Euphorbiaceae Wild spurge Th
16. Echinops echinatus Roxb.
Asteraceae
Oont-Kateli Ch
17. Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Jangli chaulai Th 18. Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Cocks
comb Th
19. Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Satyanasi Th 20. Martynia annua L. Martyniaceae Bagh-nakhi Th 21. Kickxia ramosissima
(Wall.) Janchen. Scrophulariaceae Banwel Ch
S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form
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22. Acanthospermum hispidum DC.
Asteraceae Bristly Starbur Th
23. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke
Malvaceae Kharenti Ch
24. Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Rasbhari Th 25. Zinnia elegans Jacq. Asteraceae Zinnia Th 26. Peristrophe paniculata
(Forssk) Burmmit. Acanthaceae Atrilal Th
27. Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Andhi jhara Th 28. Aerva persica (Burm. F.)
Merill Amaranthaceae Bui Ph
29. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Prickly Amaranth
Th
30. Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Cockscomb Th 31. Digera muricata (L.)
Mart. Amaranthaceae Latmahuria Th
32. Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.
Amaranthaceae Chirchitta Th
33. Xanthium strumarium L. Asteraceae Chota gokhuru Ch 34. Alternanthera
paronychioides A. St.-Hilaire
Amaranthaceae Smooth Chaff Flower
Th
35. Alternanthera pungens H.B.K.
Amaranthaceae Khaki Weed Th
36. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br.
Amaranthaceae Garundi Th
37. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.
Scrophulariaceae Brahmi Th
38. Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle
Hydrocharitaceae
Water thyme Th
39. Melhania futteyporensis Munro ex Mast.
Sterculiaceae - Th
40. Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Kanta chaulai Th Shrubs
41. Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Ramphal Ph 42. Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae Ratanjot Ph 43. Turnera ulmifolia L. Turneraceae Yellow Alder Ph 44. Rhus mysurensis G.Don. Anacardiaceae Daansra Ph 45. Prosopis chilensis
(Molina) Stuntze Mimosaceae Vilayati Babul Ph
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46. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W.and A.
Rhamnaceae Jhar-beri Ch
47. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.
Asclepiadaceae
Aak Ch
48. Calotropis gigantea R.Br.
Asclepiadaceae Safed aak Ch
49. Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae Pencil Tree Th
50. Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae Vajradanti Ch 51. Boerhaavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae
Sathi Ch
52. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae
Arandi Ph
Climber 53. Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Patha Ch 54. Cayratia trifolia (L.)
Domin. Vitaceae Amalbel Ph
55. Basella rubra L. Chenopodiaceae Lal-bachlu Ph 56. Cryptostegia
grandiflora (Roxb.)R.Br. ex Lindl.
Asclepiadaceae Dudhel Th
57. Mucuna pruriens (L.)DC.
Fabaceae Kaunch Th
Trees 58. Acacia nilotica (L.)
Willd.ex Del. Mimosaceae Babul Ph
59. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Am Ph 60. Acacia leucophloea
(Roxb.) Willd. Mimosaceae
Jeera Ph
61. Acacia senegal (L.)Willd.
Mimosaceae
Kumbhat Ph
62. Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch
Ulmaceae Papri Ph
63. Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Rakta Kanchan Ph 64. Butea monosperma
(Lamk.) Taub. Fabaceae Palas, Dhak Ph
65. Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Meliaceae Neem Ph
66. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Maha nimba Ph 67. Ziziphus mauritiana
Lamk. Rhamnaceae Ber Ch
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S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form 68. Pithecellobium dulce
(Roxb.) Benth. Mimosaceae Jangal Jalebi Ph
69. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Aonla Ph 70. Wrightia tinctoria
(Roxb.)R.Br. Apocynaceae Dudhi Ph
71. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar Ph 72. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Pipal Ph 73. Phoenix sylvestris (L.)
Roxb. Arecaceae Khajur Ph
74. Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis
Mimosaceae Subabul Ph
75. Santalum album L. Santalaceae Chandan Ch 76. Pongamia pinnata (L.)
Pierre Fabaceae Karanj Ph
77. Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf.
Caesalpiniaceae Gulmohar Ph
78. Boswellia serrata Roxb. Burseraceae Salar/ Salai Ph 79. Madhuca indica Gmel. Sapotaceae Mahua Ph 80. Limonia acidissima L. Rutaceae Kaith Ph 81. Syzygium cumini (L.)
Skeels. Myrtaceae Jamun Ph
82. Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. Fabaceae Shisham Ph 83. Eucalyptus citriodora
Hook. Myrtaceae Safeda Ph
Sedges 84. Cyperus difformis L. Cyperaceae Small flower
umbrella-sedge He
85. Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Nut grass He 86. Fimbristylis dichotoma
(L.) Vahl. Cyperaceae Two rowed rush He
Grasses 87. Aristida adscensionis L.
var. adscensionis L. Poaceae Needle grass He
88. Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst.
Poaceae - He
89. Acrachne racemosa (Heyne ex. Roem. & Schult.) Ohwi
Poaceae Goosegrass He
90. Apluda mutica L. Poaceae Tachula He S.No. Botanical Name Family Common name Life Form
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91. Brachiaria ramose (L.) Stapf.
Poaceae Browntop millet He
92. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. Poaceae Bhurat Th 93. Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae Dhaman Th 94. Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Purpletop
chloris He
95. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Dub He 96. Dactyloctenium aegyptium
(L.)Willd. Poaceae Makra He
97. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae Jangali marua He 98. Eragrostis tenella (L.) P.
Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult. Poaceae Bharbhusi He
99. Hackelochloa granularis (L.) O. Ktze.
Poaceae Kangni He
100. Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem.& Schult.
Poaceae Bunch spear grass
He
101. Sporobolus diander (Retz.) P. Beauv.
Poaceae Lesser drop seed He
Ph= Phanerophytes, Ch= Chamaephytes, He= Hemicryptophytes, Cr= Cryptophytes, Th= Therophytes, Epi= Epiphytes
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Life Form Spectrum: - Plants are classified according to Raunkier (1934) life form classes.
The classification system of Raunkier is based on the growing points or bud position of
plants, which renew plant growth during the favorable environmental conditions. Raunkier
life form classes are as follow:-
Table 3.16 Represent the Raunkier life form classes:
Phanerophytes (Ph) (Gr. phanero= Visible)
Growth points are located on upright shoots, much above from ground level eg. Deciduous tree and shrubs. These are further divided into 4 groups- megaphanerophytes (Mg), mesophanerophytes(Ms), microphanerophytes (Mc) and nanophanerophytes (N).
Chamaephytes (Ch) (Gr.chamai=close to the ground)
Chamaephytes have their perennating buds or shoots definitely above the soil surface but lower than about 25 cm. so that these buds can be protected by fallen leaves or snow during the unfavorable seasons. e.g. low bushes, creeping herbs.
Hemicryptophytes (He) (Gr.hemi=half; crypto=hidden)
Renewal buds at the surface of the ground where they are protected by soil and leaves e.g. grasses, sedges and rosette plants.
Cryptophytes (Cr ) (Crypto= hidden plants)
Cryptophytes have their buds beneath the substratum, in the soil/ water or in the soil under the water. They are consequently, much more protected than plants whose perennating buds are on the surface or elevated into the air. Raunkiaer recognized three principal subdivisions: (a) Geophytes (b) Hydrophytes (C) Helophytes e.g. bulbs, corms, rhizomes
Therophytes (Th) (Annual plants)
Annuals, with a complete life cycle from seed to seed during one season, surviving unfavorable periods (cold and dry seasons) as seeds.
Epiphytes (Epi) (Gr. epi=above; phyton=plant)
Epiphyte grows on or attached to other living plants (such as tree).
During field survey, maximum 101 plant species are recorded from the study area. Tables 3.14 and 3.15 lists all the species recorded in the study area. Their analysis is presented in Table-3.17 and Fig 3.10.
Table3.17 Showing Life Form Spectra in the Study area
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S. NO. Life form class No. of Species Percentage (%) 1 Phanerophytes (Ph) 35 34.65 2. Chamaephytes (Ch) 12 11.88 3. Hemicryptophytes (H) 16 15.84 4. Cryptophytes (Cr ) 0 0 5. Therophytes (Th) 38 37.63 6. Epiphytes (Epi) 0 0
Total 101 100
Figure 3.10. Graphic representation of Life Form Spectra in the study area. Therophytes are dominant with 38 species (37.63%) follwed by phenerophytes with
35 species (34.65%), Hemicryptophytes with 16 species (15.84%), Chamaephytes
with 12 species (11.88%), Cryptophytes, and Epiphytes are not found in the study
area (Table 3.15 and Fig.3.10).
Presence of large number of phanerophytes (shrubs and trees) and therophytes (annuals
or herbaceous vegetation) indicates semiarid to tropical vegetation structure.
Hemicryptophytes (predominantly grasses and sedges) were found to be significant in
the area. These indicate fertile and wet soil in upper layer of soil profile. Hydrophytes
were present in both the seasonal and perennial water bodies.
Cryptophytes (Cr ) 0%
Hemicryptophytes (H) 15.84 %
Chamaephytes(Ch) 11.88 %
Phanerophytes (Ph) 34.65 %
Epiphytes (Epi) 0 %
Therophytes (Th) 37.63 %
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Cultivated plants: The area experiences insufficient rainfall and, in addition to that
underground water is also drawn for farming purpose. Due to the presence of
abundant underground water almost every farmer is able to take two crops both of
Kharif as well as Rabi. A number of crops and vegetable plants fruit trees and
condiments are grown in the area Table 3.19, 3.20 & 3.21. Survey of the area and
dialogue with the local farmers revealed that the following plants are mainly grown in
these fields.
TABLE-3.18 Crops ( Kharif and Rabi) are growing in the study area by farmers
S.No. English
Name
Family Botanical Name Common Name
1. Wheat Poaceae Triticum aestivum L. Gehun
2. Sorghum Poaceae Sorghum vulgare Pers. Jowar
3. Maize Poaceae Zea mays L. Makka/ Bhutta
4. Gram Fabaceae Cicer arietinum L. Chana
5. Mustard Brassicaceae Brassica campestris L. Sarson
6. Peanut Fabaceae Arachis hypogaea L. Moongphali
Table-3.19
The common vegetables grown in the area S.
No. English Name Botanical Name Family Common
Name 1. Ladies Finger Abelmoschus esculentus L. Malvaceae Bhindi 2. Pea Pisum sativum L. Fabaceae Matar 3. Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Fabaceae Methi 4. Spinach Spinacia oleracea L. Chenopodiaceae Palak 5. Radish Raphanus sativus L. Brassicaceae Mooli 6. Vegetable sponge Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. Cucurbitaceae Lauki 7. Vegetable sponge Luffa acutangula (L.)Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Torai 8. Bitter gourd Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Karela 9. Onion Allium cepa L. Liliaceae Piaz 10. Garlic Allium sativum L. Liliaceae Lehsun 11. Lablab Bean Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Fabaceae Sem 12. Tomato Solanum esculentum L. Solanaceae Tamatar 13. Capsicum Capsicum frutescence L. Solanaceae Mirch
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14. Egg plant Solanum melongena L. Solanaceae Baingan
Table 3.20 Common Fruit trees in the area are
S.No. English Name
Family Botanical Name Common Name
1. Custard apple
Annonaceae Annona squamosa L. Sharifa, Sitaphal
2. Karaunda Apocynaceae Carissa congesta L. Karonda 3. Guava Myrtaceae Psidium guayava L. Amrood 4. Indian jujube Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.
Ber
5 Red date Rhamnaceae Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W.and A.
Jhar-beri
Table- 3.21
Crops yielding condiments are also grown in the area. These are as following: S.No. Common
Name Botanical Name Family English
Name 1. Dhania Coriandrum sativum L. Apiaceae Coriander 2. Saunf Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Apiaceae Fennel 3. Methi Trigonella foenum-graecum
L. Fabaceae Fenugreek
4. Adrak Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae Ginger 5. Haldi Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Turmeric 6. Arvi Colocasia esculenta (L.)
Schott Araceae Green Taro
Table- 3.22 The common pulses grown in the area are
S. No. Common Name Botanical Name English Name
1. Arhar Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Pigeon Pea
2. Masur Lens culinaris Medic. Lentil 3. Chawla Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp. Cow pea
The main tree species include those of Butea monosperma (Palas, Dhak), Ailanthus
excelsa (Maha nimba), Acacia nilotica (Babul) and Acacia leucophloea (Jeera). These
are associated with Calotropis procera, Jatropha curcas, Euphorbia caducifoilia and
Euphorbia tircualli (Plate-1-4).
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Maize is the major cereal crop grown in the area and Wheat is also cultivated (Table-
3.18 ). People stock the stem of maize and husk of Wheat which is used as fodder for
livestock. Arhar, Masur and Chawla are leguminous crops grown in the study area
(Table-3.22). These are raised with their local seeds. Sarson are grown as oil seed
crops.
Ailanthus excelsa, Annona squamosa, Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma,
Dalbergia sissoo, Delonix regia, Delonix regia, Eucalyptus citriodora, Jacaranda
mimosifolia, Jatropha curcas, Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus mauritiana, Acacia
leucophloea are planted on non active dump around the mine site by mine proponent
(Plate-1).
Terrestrial-Fauna-Primary Survey: Wildlife being an important strand in the
complex food web in most of the forest ecosystems, its status symbolizes the functioning
efficiency of the entire ecosystem. The forest management therefore, cannot be isolated
from wood exploration and wild life conservation in the same vulnerable vegetation
complex. Just as wild flora needs special treatment for preservation and growth, wild
fauna as well deserves specific conservatory pursuits for posterity. Wild animals move
from one place to another place in search of food, water and other basic need. During the
drought period or dry period, wild animals may visit the villages for search of food. The
broad spectrum of colorful fauna is fading and some species are facing extinction.
Field studies were conducted in 10-km radius area to identify the presence of any
endangered animal species. In the terrestrial fauna, mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians and butterflies have been studied in order to evaluate the possible
environmental impact on them. 96 animal species recorded/observed during period. A
total of mammals 13 sp., birds 55 sp., reptiles 10 sp., amphibians 5 sp., and butterflies
13 sp. have been recorded in the study area. Distribution and abundance of the study
groups revealed that the area had reasonably good biodiversity.
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• Fauna in Study Area (10-km radius from Project Site)
96 species observed/recorded during study period. The details of wild animals in
project site area and their conservation status as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 are
presented in Table 3.23.
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Table -3.23 Details of wild animals observed in study area
Sr. No. Biological Name Common Name Conservation as per Wildlife Protection
Act, 1972 Birds
1. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Sch-IV 2. Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Sch-IV 3. Anhinga melanogaster Darter Sch-IV 4. Anthus
novaesceelandiae Paddyfield Pipit Sch-IV
5. Apus affinis Indian House Swift Sch-IV 6. Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Sch-IV 7. Athene brama Spotted Owlet Sch-IV 8. Aythya ferina White Eyed Pochard Sch-IV 9. Bubo bubo Indian Great Horned
Owl Sch-IV
10. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Sch-IV 11. Caprimulgus asiaticus Common Indian
Night Jar Sch-IV
12. Centropus sinensis Crow Pheasant Sch-IV 13. Circus macrourus Pale Harrier Sch-IV 14. Columba liviba Rock Pigeon Sch-IV 15. Copsychus saularis Magpie Robin Sch-IV 16. Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Sch-IV 17. Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle Crow Sch-IV 18. Corvus splendens House Crow Sch-IV 19. Dendrocitta vagabunda Tree Pie Sch-IV 20. Dicrurus adsimilis Black Drongo Sch-IV 21. Dicrurus caerulescens White Bellied Drongo Sch-IV 22. Dinopium benghalense Golden Backed
Woodpecker Sch-IV
23. Egretta garzetta Little Egret Sch-IV 24. Eremoptrerix grisea Ashy Crowned Finch
Lark Sch-IV
25. Eudynamys scolopacea Eurasian Koel Sch-IV
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Sr. No. Biological Name Common Name Conservation as per Wildlife Protection
Act, 1972 26. Gallinula chloropus Moor Hen Sch-IV 27. Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike Sch-IV 28. Lanius schach Black Headed Shirke Sch-IV 29. Lonchura striata Spotted Munia Sch-IV 30. Merops Orientalis Green bee eater Sch-IV 31. Milvus migrans Common Kite Sch-IV 32. Mirafra erythroptera Bush Lark Sch-IV 33. Motacilla
maderaspatensis Pied Wagtail Sch-IV
34. Museicapa thalassina Verditer Flycatcher Sch-IV 35. Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird Sch-IV 36. Orthotomus sutorius Tailor Bird Sch-IV 37. Otus bakkamoena Collared scope Owl Sch-IV 38. Passer domesticus House Sparrow Sch-IV 39. *Pavo cristatus Peafowl Part-I of sch-I 40. Perdicula argoondah Rock Bush Quil Sch-IV 41. Phalacrocorax nigre Little Coromorant Sch-IV 42. Ploceus philippinus Weaver Bird Sch-IV 43. Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet Sch-IV 44. Psittacula krameri Rose Ringed Parakeet Sch-IV 45. Pycnonotus cafer Redvented Bulbul Sch-IV 46. Rhaipidura albicollis White Throated
Fantail Flycatcher Sch-IV
47. Sterna albifrons Indian River Tern Sch-IV 48. Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove Sch-IV 49. Sturnus contra Pied Myna Sch-IV 50. Sturnus pagodarum Black Headed Myna Sch-IV 51. Tringa hypoleucoos Common Sandpiper Sch-IV 52. Turdoides striatus Jungle Babbler Sch-IV 53. Tylo alba Barn Owl Sch-IV
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Sr. No. Biological Name Common Name Conservation as per Wildlife Protection
Act, 1972 54. Vanellus indicus Redwattled Lapwing Sch-IV 55. Vanellus malarbaricus Yellow Wattled
Lapwing Sch-IV
Reptiles 56. Bungarus candidus Common Krait Sch-IV 57. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Sch-IV 58. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Chameleon Sch-II of II 59. Daboia russelli Russell’s Viper Sch-II of II 60. Hemidactylus
flaviviridis House Gecko Sch-IV
61. Mabuya dissimilis Common Skink Sch-IV 62. Naja naja Indian Cobra Sch-II of II 63. Natrix piscator Water Snake Sch-IV 64. Ptyas mucosus Rat Snake Sch-III 65. Varanus benghalensis Bengal Monitor Sch-I
Butterflies 66. Papilio demoleus Lime Butterfly Sch- IV 67. Papilio polytes Common Marmon Sch-IV 68. Eurema hecabe Common Grass
Yellow Sch-IV
69. Ixias pyrence Yellow Orange Tip Sch-IV 70. Spindasis vulcanus Common Silver line Sch-IV 71. Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger Sch-IV 72. Euploea core Common Indian Crow Sch-IV 73. Melanitis leda Common Evening
Brown Sch-IV
74. Junonia hierta Yellow Pansy Sch-IV 75. Junonia orithya Blue Pansy Sch-IV 76. Atello phalanta Syn.
Palanta palanta Common Leopard Sch-IV
77. Symphaedra nais Bronet Sch-IV 78. Vanessa carduri Painted Lady Sch-IV
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Sr. No. Biological Name Common Name Conservation as per Wildlife Protection
Act, 1972 Amphibians
79. Bufo andersoni Marbled Toad Sch-IV 80. Bufo melanostictus Common Indian Toad Sch-IV 81. Rana breviceps Indian Burrowing
Frog Sch-IV
82. Rana cyanophlyctis Indian Skipper Frog 83. Rana tigrina Indian Bull Frog Sch-IV
Mammals 84. Bandicota bengalensis Bandicoot Rat Sch-IV 85. Herpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose SCh-IV 86. Mus platythrix Field Mouse Sch-IV 87. Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare Sch-IV 88. Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyaena Sch-III 89. Megaderma lyra Inidan False Vampire
Bat Sch-V
90. **Canis aureus Golden Jackal Part-II of sch-II 91. **Presbytis entellus Common Langur Sch-II of Part I 92. Sus murinus Grey Shrew 93. **Panthera pardus
fusca Panther Part-I of sch-I
94. **Viverricula indica Small Indian civet Part-II of sch-II 95. Funambulus pannanti Five Stiped Palm
Squirrel Sch-IV
96. Vulpes bengaalensis Common Fox Sch-II of II
** As per list of DFO, Rajsamand for the District.
Endangered Plants: Floristic studies were conducted during Winter period-2012 to
know the presence of any endangered/threatened/endemic plant species in plant area and
surrounding 10-km radius. The study area did not record the presence of any critically
threatened species. The records of Botanical Survey of India and also from Forest
department did not indicate presence of any endangered and or vulnerable species in this
area. (Table 3.14 and 3.15).
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Presence of National Park/Sanctuary: Ministry of Environment Notifications and
local forest notifications reveal that no Wildlife sanctuaries, National Parks and
Biosphere Reserves in 10 km radius from proposed mine boundary, Table No. 3.27.
Endangered Animals: A comprehensive Central Legislation namely Wild Life
(Protection) Act was enforced in 1972. This law is to provide protection to wild animals
and for matters related to their ancillary or incidental death. Schedule-I of this act
included the list of rare and endangered species, which are completely protected
throughout the country. The detailed list of wild animals and their conservation status as
per Wild Life Act (1972) are presented in Table-3.23. In our studies no endangered
fauna reported in buffer zone, however the Divisional Forest Officer Rajsamand has
given details of all the fauna of district, not only of Buffer Zone. Hence we have
mentioned name of certain endangered species, in buffer zone also.
Presence of Spawning, Breeding, Nesting or Nursery of Turtles and or other
Aquatic Animals
On the basis of field observations and interactions with elderly people of the area and
literature survey, it is revealed that there are no other aquatic animals having
spawning, breeding, nesting or nursery belongs to endangered category as per
Wildlife protection Act-1972 in study area and details area presented in Table-3.24.
Details of Migratory Paths for Animals or Birds in Study Area:
On the basis of field observations, interactions with elderly people of the area and
literature survey, it is reveals that no migratory path for wild animals or birds in study
area. These details are presented in Table-3.25
Details of cutting / removal of Mangroves in the study area:
The proposed mine site is far away from sea coast hence no mangroves plants
recorded from project site and details are presented in Table-3.26
Details of Ecologically Sensitive Location in the study area:
Details of the ecological sensitive locations in 10 km radius from study area are
presented in Table-3.27.
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Table -3.24 Details of spawning, breeding, nesting or nursery area of aquatic species in
study area. Sr. No. Details Study Area
1 Spawning, breeding nesting or nursery areas of turtles N 2 Spawning, breeding, nesting or nursery area of
sensitive/endemic/endangered aquatic species N
Y=Yes, N=NO
Table -3.25 Details of migratory paths in study area.
Sr. No. Details Study Area 1 Migratory path of animals N 2 Migratory route of birds N Y=Yes, N=NO
Table No.3.26 Details of cutting /removal of mangroves in study area.
Sr.No. Ecological type of area Study Area 1 Cutting/removal of mangroves Species N Health of the mangroves Not applicable
Y= Yes, N = No
Table No.3.27 Details of presence of ecologically sensitive areas in study area
Technical Name Study Area National park N Marine park N Sanctuary N
Tiger reserve N Elephant reserve N
Core zone Biosphere Reserve N Reserve forest/protected forest Y
Wildlife habitat Y Habitat of endangered/endemic sp N
Coral reefs N Mangroves N
Lakes/reservoirs/Dam N Habitat of Migratory water fowl N
Natural lakes/swamps N Note: Y: Yes N: No
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3.6 Socio-economic Environment:
Demography & socio-economics: The growth of mining and industrial sectors and
infrastructure developments in and around the agriculture dominant areas, villages
and towns is bound to create its impact on the socio-economic aspects of the local
population of the area experiencing development. The impacts may be positive or
negative depending upon the developmental activity. To assess the anticipated
impacts of mining and industrial growth on the socio-economic aspects of people, it is
necessary to study the existing socio-economic status of the local population, which
will be helpful for making efforts to further improve the quality of life in the area
under study. For assessing the prevailing socio-economic aspects of people in the
study area around the existing mine, the required data has been collected from various
secondary sources and analyzed.
Methodology Adopted for the Study: The methodology adopted for the study is
based on the following points:
Review of secondary data, such as District Primary Census Statistical Hand Book of
Udaipur & Rajsamand district, 2001 and Provisional Data from Census 2011, within
the study area around the existing mine;
Conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGD) in the villages for eliciting the general
information of the study area, to support or supplement the information collected
through secondary and primary surveys.
Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile based on Census 2001 and
Projected 2011 Census
The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, social
strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels besides
infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include
occupational structure of workers. The information on socio-economic aspects of the
study area has been collected from secondary sources, which mainly include District
Primary Census Handbook 2011 Udaipur & Rajsamand districts.
The village-wise Projected demographic data as per Census 2011 is presented in
Annexure 14. The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic aspects of
the study area are described in the following sections.
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Demographic Aspects: In the study area the population of the males is 49.94% and
that of the females is 50.06%. The distribution of population in study area is presented
in Table A.
Table - A Distribution of Population
Particulars 0-3 km. 3-7 km. 7-10 km 0-10 km.
No. of Households 2601 3769 8627 14997 Male Population 6878 9029 2410 37317
Female Population 6715 8719 21192 36626 Total Population 13593 17748 42602 73943
Male Population (0-6 years) 1237 1642 4052 6931 Female Population (0-6 years) 1164 1550 3815 6529 Total Population (0-6 years) 2401 3192 7867 13460
Average household size 5.23 4.71 4.85 4.94 % of males to total population 50.60 50.87 50.14 50.40
% of females to total population
49.40 49.13 49.86 49.60
Sex Ratio (M:F) 1000: 976 1000 : 965 1000 : 989 1000 : 981
Average Household Size: The average household size varies from 4.71 to 5.23 as per
Projected data 2011. The low family size could be attributed to a high degree of
urbanization with migration of people with higher literacy levels who generally opt
for smaller family size and family welfare measures.
Sex Ratio: The Sex Ratio of male and female indicates that the males constitute to
about 50.14% to 50.87% and females 49.13% to 49.86% of the total population as per
Projected census data 2011. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males
indirectly reveals certain sociological aspects in relation to female births, infant
mortality among female children and single person family structure, a resultant of
migration of industrial workers. The study area on an average has 981 females per
1000 males as per Projected census data 2011. Low female in 0-6 year’s age groups is
alarming and indicates the impact of urban population.
Social Structure: Various religion groups consisting of Hindus, Muslims and
Christians inhabit the study area. According to census 2011 the percentage of
Scheduled caste population varies between 1.23% to 3.79% in study area. The highest
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percentage of scheduled caste population recorded in 7-10km. radius and lowest in 0-
3 km. radius. The percentage of scheduled tribe population varies between 5.89% to
18.50% in study area. The highest percentage of scheduled tribe population recorded
in 7-10km. radius and lowest in 0-3 km. radius. The distribution of population by
caste and tribe is shown in Table B.
Table -B Distribution of Population by Social Structure
Particulars 0-3 km. 3-7 km. 7-10 km. 0-10 km.
Scheduled caste 913 1556 2803 5272
% to the total population 1.23 2.10 3.79 7.12
Scheduled tribes 4361 5061 13695 23117
% to the total population 5.89 6.84 18.50 31.22
Total SC & ST Population 5274 6617 16498 28389
% to total population 7.12 8.94 22.28 38.34
Literacy Levels: The study area experiences a considerably good literacy rate of
60.80% (Projected Census 2011). The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the
study area is given in Table C. The level of literacy near mining area in general quite
low and female literacy in particular is below state and national literacy level.
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Table - C Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates
Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km. 7-10 km. 0-10 km.
Male Literates 5134 6558 15909 27601
Female Literates 3155 4212 10050 17417
Total Literates 8289 10770 25959 45018
Male Literacy Rate (%) 13.76 17.57 42.63 73.96
Female Literacy Rate (%) 8.61 11.50 27.44 47.55
Total Literacy Rate (%) 11.19 14.55 35.06 60.8
Occupational Structure: The occupational structure of residents in the study area is
studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The mine
workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department
consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry,
fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household
industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce,
transport and communication and other services.
The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less
than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers
include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons,
dependents, beggars, vagrants etc; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who
do not fall under the above categories.
As per Projected census data 2011 altogether the main workers works out to be 5.48%
to 29.45% of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute
2.43% to 7.47% and 10.45% to 33.35% of the total population respectively. The
distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the
predominant population. The occupational distribution of the population of study area
is shown in Table D.
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Table - D Occupational Structure
Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km. 7-10 km. 0-10 km.
Total Population 13593 17748 42602 73943
Total Workers 5859 7604 18009 31472
Total main workers 4060 5271 12477 21808
% of main workers to total
population
5.48 7.12 16.85 29.45
Marginal workers 1799 2335 5532 9666
% of MW to TP 2.43 3.15 7.47 13.05
Non-workers 7734 10143 24694 42571
% of NW to TP 10.45 13.70 33.35 57.5
3.7 Base map of all environmental components: The base map showing core zone
(mining lease area) and 10 km. all around is enclosed here, showing various location,
monitoring station and other feature of study area including water bodies location of
villages, agriculture area etc.
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4.00 General:
Assessment Environmental Impacts: The main purpose of identifying and
assessing the existing environmental details is to know before hand the relevant
features on which environmental impact can be assessed. “Environmental Impact” can
be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused
or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. The problem of
environmental impacts on land, air, water and noise common from the stage of
preparation for mining and the problem grows as the activities of extraction of
mineral, drilling and blasting operations, creation of dump yards etc. Generally, the
environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary
impacts are those that can be attributed directly to the project. On the other hand
secondary impacts are those that are indirect or induced & typically include the
associated investments & changed patterns of social & economic activities likely to be
stimulated or induced by the existing & proposed actions.
Sustainable development through appropriate and clan technology involves not only
the environmental protection but also issues such as economic prosperity and
conservation of natural resources for the future generation to meet their own needs.
The present status of Soapstone & Dolomite mining after 70 years of indiscriminate
mining has necessitated innovation of an appropriate quarrying technology to reduce
further environmental degradation, and ensure optimum utilization of the balance
reserves of Soapstone & Dolomite. Time has come now for companies' to adopt an
environmental policy and impose self-regulation to create a good public image.
4.1 Land Environment:
Anticipated impact: The impact of mining will be due to excavation of pits & due to
dumping of waste & overburden. Land degradation will also be caused due to erection
of infrastructures facilities such as mine office, road, rest shelter etc. However in
CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 44:: AANNTTIICCIIPPAATTEEDD EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTTAALL IIMMPPAACCTT && MMIITTIIGGAATTIIOONN MMEEAASSUURREESS
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opencast mining there is particularly no adverse effect directly on land except some
degradation due to mining activities, working pits and generation of waste.
Construction of approach roads: Normally land degradation takes place upto a
certain a extent due to approach roads. But the area under reference is an existing
mine and approach roads have already been constructed.
Therefore no fresh impact on land is likely to take place due to road construction.
Formation of pits for extracting mineral: The area under reference has been used
for extracting Soapstone & Dolomite by semi-mechanized mining method. In case of
opencast mining, the overburden & side burden if any have to be removed which
cause land degradation if proper measures are not taken.
Land degradation due to dumping of waste: Thus there will be change in the land
use & if proper mitigation measures are not taken it will lead to formation of scars in
the area. The land where dumping is done is degraded because it is not usable for
other purpose.
Aesthetic Environment: Due to degradation of land by pitting & waste dumping the
aesthetic environment of the core zone may be affected. Therefore the measures have
to be taken to compensate for this side effect.
Siltation of agricultural field & water courses: If no due care is taken wash off
from the waste dumps may choke the water course, & can also causes the siltation of
water course. It is therefore essential that the garland drain at required places will be
constructed and the wash off water will be diverted to check sedimentation of silt, so
the water can be suitably utilized.
Impact on soil: The Soapstone and Dolomite in the area is non toxic therefore dust
deposition in the region is not likely to alter the chemical composition and there will
not be any appreciable impact on the soil characteristics. The working area of the
lease is devoid of any soil cover; however the unit has made suitable arrangements for
disposal of waste rock every year. The dead dumps have been provided for suitable
filling of voids, retaining walls & green cover to avoid any adverse impact on soil.
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Mitigation Measure:
1. The construction of approach road will be till the life of mine, it will not cause any
degradation of land.
2. The excavated pit will be well fenced, however in the last stage of mining 38.00 ha.
area will be left as reservoir. It will be developed as a water reservoir which will serve
the water requirement of nearby villagers.
3. The recovery of top soil is very marginal and whatever recovered will be utilized for
plantation.
4. No siltation of agriculture land will be allowed.
Mine and approach roads have already been constructed. Therefore no fresh impact
will take place. More over due to proposed plantation the impact will be minimized as
proposed plantation will arrest the propagation of air borne dust.
4.2 Water Environment
Anticipated impact & Mitigation Measures:
1. Topography and Drainage: The area is characterized by rugged and hilly terrain,
dominated by steeply dipping outcrops and small valleys carved by the networks of
ephemeral streamlets and streams. The drainage pattern is sub-dendritic to dendritic.
The general slope of the area is from south to north.
For this infrastructure, no pre-mining surface drainage is required to be modified/
diverted; as such no disturbance shall be caused to the natural drainage system. Hence
impact on the topography and drainage of the core zone will not be significant. The
surface drainage is taking its natural course in the lease area.
2. Impact on water Resources and Quality: The surface drainage is taking its natural
course in the lease area. The residential and office buildings, as well as the roads in
the lease area are not affecting the surface drainage.
It is evident that there is hardly any impact of mining on surface water regime. The
surface water is not going to be pumped or utilized anywhere in the lease area for any
purposes. Whatever surface runoff develops in the lease area by rainfall is allowed to
join the natural drainage system.
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3. Water requirement: Water requirement for present mining activities is met by the
sump, constructed in the mine. The total water requirement is fulfilled from the
available storage water in the sump. Hence, no impact is envisaged due to mining on
the nearby users.
4. Impact on Water Body: There is no existence of any natural surface water bodies in
& around lease area to experience any adverse impact due to mining. A garland drain
will be constructed in order to harvest rain water in the mine pit as well as for
recharging ground water.
5. Impact on Surface Water:
(1) Generally, due to mining operations using abstraction of ground water, ground water
table will touch.
(2) And also contamination will take place on surface water in most of the cases.
(3) Major cause of surface water pollution during opencast mining activities is the wash
off originating from the freshly excavated areas.
Mitigation Measures:
The following mitigation measures will be taken for water management and water
pollution control:-
(1) Present mining operations being carried out at 10m agl. However, after 5 years of
mine working at 701 mRL & 9m bgl, ground water level is envisaged to be touched
when water table gets affected. This is an important impact and should be a point of
concern for the project proponent/management to make meticulous planning to tackle
this situation well before the actual intersection of the water table. Efforts towards this
direction could include, conducting more frequent hydrogeological, ground water
monitoring and piezometric studies to gauge any ground water pollution besides
obtaining legal permission from relevant statutory authorities for ground water
extraction and augmenting the mining operations accordingly. Accordingly,
Coordinator brief the project proponent about the consequential significance of these
aspects related with the said impact.
(2) The mineral Soapstone and Dolomite do not contain any harmful ingredients.
Therefore, no contamination will take place on surface water.
(3) A garland drain has already been constructed at the mine site to catch rainwater from
the surroundings. Adequate practical control measures have been taken to check, not
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only the wash off water from the freshly excavated areas and soil erosion, but also
uncontrolled flow of mine water (during monsoon) into the nallahs.
(4) Toe walls will be provided to prevent wash off and sliding of materials from the
excavated areas of the mine.
6. Ground Water: There would not be any adverse effect on the ground water quality.
The mineral formation does not contain any harmful element, which could percolate
into the ground and pollute the ground water. Hence, no control measures are
required. Piezometere is installed to monitor ground water table. Quality of water is
regularly tested on half yearly basis and data are sent to RO, Lucknow & MS Jaipur,
RSPCB.
Management for Ground Water:
1. Banas river, a hilly perennial stream flowing towards northern side would be
protected in respect of its resource and quality.
2. The surface run-offs from the hilly top or pit top would be let into the natural drainage
channels on the hill slopes only after arresting the solid particles carryover in the
catch pits/ sump pits made inside lease area.
Artificial Recharge of Groundwater: In the lease area various structure for artificial
recharge of ground water have been undertaken to maintain the regional ground water
balance.
Roof top rain water harvesting structures: Artificial recharge of ground water is
carried out on all the buildings in the lease area. The area of the building's roof is
about 300 sq.mts. The normal rainfall is 629.87 mm say 0.63 m. considering 80% of
rain water is used for artificial recharge, 151.2 M3 i.e. 0.00015 MCM of water will be
recharged of ground water.
Recharge through check dam/Percolation tank: Two numbers of check
dams/percolation tanks have been constructed on the weathered dolomite area. Good
amount of water percolates in each spell of rains. During monsoon period, the bank
fills 3 to 4 times water percolates to recharge of ground water.
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4.3 Air Environment:
Anticipated Impact: Mining operations and associated activities generally cause air
pollution and the major air pollutant is the suspended particulate matter. Most of the
air pollution problems are due to fugitive dust emission, which is more prominent in
opencast mines in comparison to underground mines. The intensity of dust generation
in mining is influenced by factors such as hardness of rock, mining technology and
material handling etc.
Suitable procedures for fugitive dust emission are followed and details of calculations
are presented in the report. In order to assess the impact on air environment, the
factors to be considered are compiled.
Air Pollution Mitigation Measures: Following techniques are being adopted and
more will be implemented at the mine to control air pollution due to various mining
activities:
• Making continuous endeavors to check emissions at source,
• General water spraying on road surface to bind the dust ,
• Restriction of vehicle speed,
• Washing of dumpers/trucks’ wheels or body at regular intervals,
• Loading and unloading in the area protected from wind,
• Minimization of drop heights,
• Use of proper sheet to cover loaded vehicles,
• Surfacing the internal roads.
• Use of enclosures, effective water spraying for arresting dust due to fixed
equipments/sources,
• Application of water sprays to moisten transported materials,
• Employing wet drilling technique,
• Minutely observing atmospheric conditions before commencing charging and blasting
operations
• Effective water sprays for dust suppression during blasting,
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• Proper enclosure of the loading or unloading areas, wherever possible,
• Practicing good maintenance of vehicles,
• Maintaining compactness, gradient and drainage of haul roads,
• Converting unpaved roads to paved roads,
• Enclosure of stock-piles, vegetation of waste dumps, water spraying & developing
green barrier of trees to check the mines dust blow
• Developing green belt along the transportation road sides, etc.
Control of air pollution
Abatement measures for control of air pollution at the source Dust sources Control measures Drilling Dust suppression by water
Use of dust arrester Blasting Dust suppression by water sprays
Observing atmospheric conditions before charging and blastingLoading & Unloading Suppression of dust by water sprays
Enclosure of the loading or unloading area, wherever possible Mobile equipment Internal roads to be surfaced
Dust suppression by spraying with water Selection of proper routes Green barrier along haul roads on both sides
Dust blow Enclosure of stock-piles Vegetation of waste dumps Dust suppression by spraying with water Establishment of green barrier of trees
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PLANTATION NEAR MINE OFFICE PLANTATION ON IN-ACTIVE DUMP
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CATCH DRAIN SILTATION POND
PLANTATION INSIDE NURSERY DEVELOPED NEAR OFFICE
PLANTATION ALONG HAULAGE ROAD
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4.4 Noise Environment:
Anticipated Impact: Noise level may increase due to use of machinery deployed at
the mines like shovels, compressors, drilling machines and dumpers. The noise level
at various distances by the individual mining machinery used in mines as shown in
given Table 4.1.
Table 4.1
Noise generation by machinery at mine
S. No. Type of
machinery used
Noise level
dB (A)
Measurement Location Nos.
1. Shovel 79.5 at 12m distance 4
2. Dumper 74.6 At 12m distance from
driver’s position
15
3. Compressor 83.7 At a distance of 20 m 4
4. Drilling Machine 81.4 At a distance of 20 m 2
Object: To evaluate the maximum noise experienced in buffer zone, it is assumed
that all the machinery have been deployed in same pit and working at same level.
Mainly different types of activities are running simultaneously, namely drilling, and
loading of mineral and overburden in different activity zones.
Targeted production at the mines can be achieved, if 12 holes are drilled per day.
Spacing between the holes will be 3 m. Therefore, total length of drilling will be 20m.
The capacity of drill machine is 8 holes per day. Therefore two drill machines are
required every day for drilling.
As per preventive measures against noise pollution, two drill machines will not
operate in same line or in the same zone. Thus, one drill machine will work in zone 1
and other in zone 2 simultaneously and it will take 2 days to drill 12 holes in each
zone. As both machines will work in different zones, hence chance of cumulative
effect of noise will be very less.
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After drilling, blasting operation will be carried out in pre designed sequence. One
drilled zone will not be blasted and shall remain as a stand by. If any drilling machine
fails, this zone can be blasted and work will not suffer.
After blasting operations are over, the mineral and overburden loading will take place,
deploying one shovel and two dumpers in each zone.
The drilling programme is designed in such a manner that one zone of drilled holes
(buffer zone) will always be kept between the loading and the active drilling zone.
Zone -1 Zone -2 Buffer Zone Zone -3 Zone -4
6m
20m Index
Shovel
Dumper
Compressor
Drilling Machine
Calculation of Equivalent Noise at Buffer Zone:
Equivalent noise calculated from different sources of noise by equation.
Leq. = 10 log (10 L1/10 + 10 L2/10 + 10 L3/10 (1)
Noise attenuation with respect to distance in all directions over horizontal distance
can be given as follows:-
LP2 = LP1 – 20 log (r2 / r1) - (2)
Minimum one zone i.e. 20 m by 6 m will not be used for any mining activity, like
drilling and loading. This barrier zone is used between these two activities, called as
buffer zone.
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Equivalent noise level is calculated for respective zone as follows:
Zones 1 & 2: In zone 1 one shovel will be used for mineral and overburden loading
with the help of a dumper and the other dumper will be waiting for loading. The
equivalent noise of both dumpers is calculated as 77.61 dB(A). The equivalent noise
level of two dumpers and one shovel is calculated as:
Leq = 10 log (10 79.5/10 +1077.61/10)
= 81.66 dB(A)
Zone 3 & 4: In this zone drilling operation will take place. In this case, the calculated
equivalent noise level of both drilling machines and compressors is:
Leq. = 10 log (10 81.4/10 + 10 83.7/10)
= 85.71 dB(A)
Any person standing in the buffer zone for inspection of blasted material will feel
noise from different operations in zones 1 & 2 loading operation and zones 3 & 4
from drilling operation. Calculations and measurement shows that noise level is well
under permissible noise level as detailed below:
Table No. 4.2 Noise level Due to various zones at a Buffer Zone
Zone Distance between man to centre, m
Noise level dB(A)
Zone 1 40 67.15 Zone 2 20 73.17 Zone 3 20 81.66 Zone 4 40 75.63
The cumulative noise level for all the zones is calculated as 83.20 dB(A).
It is being observed that at the mine site where heavy earth moving machinery is in operation, noise level is less than the stipulated value of 90 dB(A) as per DGMS circular. The noise level is within the tolerance limit at a distance of 15 to 20 m or so.
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Table 4.3 Permissible exposure in cases of continuous noise (GOI)
S. No.
Total time of Exposure
(Continuous or a number of short
term exposures per day in hour)
Sound Pressure
dB(A)
Remarks
1. 8 90 1. No exposure in excess of 115 dB(A) is to be permitted.
2. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure as indicated in column 2, the permissible sound pressure level is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate scale.
2. 6 92 3. 4 95 4. 3 97 5. 2 100 6. 1½ 102 7. 1 105 8. ¾ 107 9. ½ 110
10. ¼ 115
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Ground Vibration: Explosive is used to break mineral deposits and overlying
overburden. Fourteen holes will be drilled every day with a spacing of 3 m, burden 3
m and depth of 6.5 m. Generally blasting will be done on alternate days. The quantity
of explosive to be used in each hole is approximately 32 Kg. Generally in each delay,
5 holes to be blasted. Due to blasting activity, ground vibrations will occur. Ground
vibration is calculated based on ground peak particle velocity (PPV) at certain
distance using the following empirical equation:
V = 417.8 [D/Q0.5]-1.265 Where,
V = Peak particle velocity, mm/sec
D = Distance between location of blast & gauge point, m
Q = Quantity of explosive per blasting/delay, kg.
The calculated predicted PPV values at varying distances are given table 4.4
considering charge per delay as 160 kg. Ground vibration level at a distance of 500 m
from blast site is 3.79 mm/s. Hence, intensity of ground vibration beyond 500 m
distance is very low and this will not cause any damage to structure.
Table No. 4.4 Ground vibration with distance
Distance, m 50 100 150 200 250 400 500
PPV, mm/s 73.43 30.55 18.29 12.71 9.58 5.29 3.79
Mitigation Measures: The noise level in the mine is below the permissible limit.
However, the proposed plantation will further attenuate and minimize noise level.
Other mitigation measures: Developing green belts which act as pollution sinks.
Noise and ground vibration from blasting will be mitigated by adopting the following
measures:-
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i) By carefully designing a blast hole drilling pattern or blast geometry with appropriate
burden distance, spacing of holes, hole size, hole depth, and stemming height and
powder factor.
ii) Adopting shock tube (non-electrical) initiation system in blasting which allows short
delay blasting using delay detonators. It also helps in incorporation of delay in hole as
well as on surface and bottom initiation of blasted rock. This results in reduction of
fly rock, noise and ground vibration levels.
A blasting siren and warning notice boards will be used for public warning as safety
measures.
4.5 Ecological Environment:
Anticipated Impact:
Impacts during Constructional Phase: No construction will take place.
Impacts during Operational Phase
Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology
Impacts due to Air Emissions from the Mine: The impact on terrestrial ecology
will be due to emission of gaseous pollutants like NOx, SO2 and dust/SPM. These
pollutants at a very low dose act as atmospheric fertilizer for the vegetation. However
at higher doses, they are injurious to both vegetation as well as animals. NO2 has been
recognized as potent toxic pollutant due to its indirect impact on organisms and its
role in photochemical smog cycle.
• Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): SO2 in low doses may have beneficial impacts on plants,
but produces adverse effects in high doses. The injury threshold limit of SO2 on
vegetation is 785 μg/m3 when vegetation is exposed for the duration of 8 hours
(Ref: Fundamentals of Air pollution by Arthurn C. Stern). Visual symptoms of SO2
caused injury on leaves include bleached spots, bleached areas between veins,
etc. Older leaves are most susceptible at very high concentrations interveinal
necrosis and skeletonized leaves are formed. The dead tissue may turn red brown
or almost black.
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx): Two oxides of Nitrogen i.e. NO2 and NO [3:1 ratio]
are collectively referred to as NOx. High temperature reactions in presence of air
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form NOx. NOx is absorbed by plants through stomata, reacts with cell wall and
forms HNO2 and HNO3, which is the cause of toxicity. The injury threshold limit
of NOx on vegetation is 4700 μg/m3 when vegetation is exposed for the duration of 4
hours (Ref: Fundamentals of Air pollution by Arthurn C. Stern). The symptoms of
injury include grey- green or light brown color, bleached or necrotic spots in
interveinal areas, which later form streaks.
• Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM): The effect of particulate on vegetation is in
the form of incrustation, plugging of stomata, loss of chlorophyll and reduction of
photosynthesis process. Disturbance in plant metabolism due to deposition of dust
particles on foliar surfaces leads to reduction in plant growth.
The atmospheric concentrations normally do not reach a level sufficient to induce
acute injury.
The resultant ambient air levels for SO2 and SPM after the implementation of the
project will be well below the NAAQM standards prescribed by the CPCB for
industrial and residential and rural areas and are not likely to result in adverse
impacts on the terrestrial ecology of the area. In fact, the particulate emission from
the plant would reduce after implementation of the Mine.
Mitigation Measures:
Afforestation Plan/Greenbelt Development Plan: Implementation of afforestation
program is of paramount importance for any industrial development.
The main objective of the greenbelt is to provide a barrier between the plant and the
surrounding areas. The greenbelt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to
attenuate the noise generated at the mine apart from improving the aesthetics of the
mine site. Plantation program will be undertaken in all available areas. This will include
plantation in the mine premises, along the internal and external roads, around the office
and on the overburden dump.
The plant species selected for greenbelt will include the native species. These saplings
will be planted in several rows (8 to 10 rows) with a tree density of about 1000
trees/ha per year.
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The plantation at the proposed mine site will take into consideration the existing
social forestry in the region. The proposed plantation will cover the following design
aspects:
There will be a greenbelt all around the mine.
A greenbelt around mining dump will be developed and around working pit since the
area is large and developing green belt along the mine boundary will not serve any
purpose.
All along the internal and external roads, plantation will be taken up;
The total number of trees to be planted in this area will be at the rate of 1000 trees per
hectare initially with the provision of increasing density based on survival and
performance;
Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the mine site;
The short trees (<10-m height) will be planted in the first rows (towards plant side) of
the greenbelt. The tall trees (>10 m height) will be planted in the outer rows (away
from the mining pit);
Since the trunks of the tall trees are generally devoid of foliage, it will be useful to
have shrubs in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion.
Number of Saplings to be Planted and Budgetary Estimate of the Green Cover:
The proposed plantation is at the rate of 1000 saplings per hectare per year. As the
proposed green cover including greenbelt is 30 ha, the total number of saplings to be
planted will be 30,000 (at 100 % survival rate). But considering 80% survival rate, the
total number of saplings to be planted will become 24,000.The existing greenbelt
plantation is mentioned in Table 4.5 and afforestation plan for upcoming years is
given in Table 4.6.
Presently afforestation has been done over an area of 6.00 ha. Natural scattered plants
exist in about 15 hectare area.
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TABLE- 4.5 Existing Plantation
S.No. Name of Place Number of Plants
1. OFFICE COMPOUND Ashok (Polyalthia longifolia), Nimboo (Citrus medica), Aam (Mangifera indica)
2550
2. DUMP - I Ratanjot (Jatropha curcas), Neem (Azadirachta indica)
800
3. DUMP – II (Out Side lease area) Ratanjot (Jatropha curcas), Neem (Azadirachta indica)
1400
4. Along Road side, Green Belt and scattered tree Neem, Sitaphal, Peepal, Aam, Keekar etc.
250
TABLE- 4.6 Proposed Plantation
Year No. of Saplings to be
Planted
Area (ha) Amount (Rs. In lakh)
Ist first five years 5000 5.00 10.00 IInd first five years 5000 5.00 10.00 IIIrd first five years 5000 5.00 10.00 IVth first five years 5000 5.00 10.00
Vth first five years 4500 4.50 9.00 VIth first five years 5500 5.50 11.00
Total 30,000 30.00 60.00
In addition to the above mentioned plantation within the core zone, afforestation work will also be undertaken in the surrounding areas.
Plant Species for Greenbelt: Plants play a major role in monitoring and maintaining the ecological balance by actively participating in the cycling of nutrients and gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen and also provide enormous leaf area for impingement, absorption and accumulation of air pollutants to reduce the pollution level in the environment. Sensitivity and responses of plants to air pollutants is variable and is depicted by APTI (Air Pollution Tolerance Index) (Table 4.7).
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TABLE- 4.7 Recommended plant species for green belt development around the mines
S.NO. Common
Name Botanical Name Family
1. Kaner Nerium indicum Mill. Apocynaceae 2. Chandni Tabernaemontana divaricata
(L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Apocynaceae
3. Peeli kaner Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum.
Apocynaceae
4. Israeli babool Acacia tortilis Hayne Mimosaceae 5. Bael Aegle marmelos (L.) Corea Rutaceae 6. Neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae 7. Amaltas Cassia fistula L. Caesalpinaceae 8. Subabul Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis Mimosaceae 9. Bakayan Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae 10. Har singar Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae 11. Debdaru Polyalthia longifolia Sonn. Annonaceae 12. Khas/ Khus
grass Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash. Poaceae
13. Arandi Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae
14. Mehandi Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae 15. Paras-pipal Thespesia populnea (L.)
Soland.& Corr. Malvaceae
16. Jarul Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Lythraceae The advice of Director M.O.E.F. for plantation will be fully implemented.
Post Plantation care:
1. A dedicated cell in mine area will be established for regular watering, protective
measures etc.
2. Diseased and dead plants will be uprooted and replaced by fresh saplings.
3. Weed eradication and pest management.
4. Regular monitoring on survival rate and remedial actions will be done in an organized
and planned manner.
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4.6 Socio-economics:
Anticipated Impact: The socio-economic impacts of mining are many. The adverse
impacts attribute to physical displacement due to land acquisition, which is followed
by loss of livelihood, mental agony, changes in social structure, and risk to food
security etc. People are also directly affected due to pollution. Social Impact
Assessment (SIA) is a process of analysis, monitoring and managing the social
consequences of a project. But no effect will take place as nobody will be displaced
from the area same is clear from minutes of public hearing and only positive impact
will take place in village.
In order to improve the socio-economic conditions of the people of the area detailed
programme for development of the area has been framed. The salient features of the
programme are as follows.
i) A well-laid plan for employment of the local people has been prepared.
ii) Social welfare programme like provision of medical facilities educational facilities,
water supply, recreational amenities for the employees as well as for nearby villagers
will be chocked out.
iii) Supplementing Govt. efforts in health monitoring camps, social welfare and various
awareness programmes among the rural population.
iv) Adoption of villages for general development.
Local people are taken into confidence in all activities to redress their grievances, if
any, and to meet their aspirations.
CSR Activities:
The lessee as per demand of Panchyat has decided to undertake all C.S.R. activities in
school and as such decided to invest every year Rs. 6.00 lakh during ensuing 3 years
Development in School:
i) Every year distributing sweets & prizes at Neerach school on the occasion of
Independence day & Republic Day, costing about Rs. 20,000/- in each function.
ii) As per demand of the school 34 bags of cement costing Rs. 88400/- supplied to school
for development of boundary wall of playground.
PAGE NO. (105)
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iii) Deployed J.C.B. & dumper of the mines for 4 days for levelling of school playground
which cost the management about Rs. 40,000.
iv) Given scholarship to 8 needy & meritorious students costing Rs. 10,000/- Rs. as per
list enclosed.
v) Given 19,500/- to 19 students for purchasing study materials.
vi) Constructed boundary wall & main gate of school play ground costing Rs. 1, 77,500/-.
vii) Under taken other development work in school costing to Rs. 2 Lac.
Other Social uplifting Programme:
viii) Haldhighati Mine Vocational Training: Other social upliftment programme regularly
contributing to Haldighati Mine Vocational Training Centre where workers are
getting training.
ix) Besides the above: The lessee is committed to carry out development & repair work
of the school atleast for three years.
x) Constructed a water pit for cattle at a cost of Rs. 15,000/-.
xi) To improve the employment potentially the mine workers and other persons will be
trained in first aid and mine competency examination such as Blaster, Mining Mate.
There is acute shortage of the qualified persons in the area.
4.7 Mine Waste Management:
The overall dump slope angle will be maintained below 27° and individual bench
slope will be kept 27° to control precipitated water velocity and soil erosion. Further,
to enhance dump stability and reduce soil erosion, maximum dump height will be
restricted to 15 m with a terracing after each 10 m height and a berm of 10 m width in
both the lifts as shown in the figure below.
Cohesion, angle of internal friction and bulk density of overburden material are 5.39
tonne/m2, 34° and 2.5 tonne/m3, respectively.
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Stabilization of the dump will be done by spreading soil over dumps and undertaking
plantation on inactive portions.
Garland drain has also been construction around the dump so that surface run-off
from the dump is collected in a sump.
Dumping of overburden will be carried out in such a manner so that dumped material
will be compacted during plying of dumpers and JCB over the dump, which will help
in enhancing stability of dump.
Calculation of factor of safety: Safety analysis of dump was carried out. Analysis
method was based on: (i) two limit equilibrium methods (Bishop Simplified and
Method of Slice) and (ii) Chart solution. Schematic diagram for dump stability model
is shown in figure below.
Fig. 4.2: Figure Showing Proposed dump section G.L., bench angle and overall
Fig. 4.3: Schematic diagram for dump stability model by Chart Solution
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*Based on the stability analysis by Bishop Simplified and Method of Slice limit
equilibrium methods the average factor of safety (FOS) of dump slope was
determined as 2.224 as shown in table below.
*FOS calculated by empirical formula/chart solution was found to be 2.21
It may be concluded that the FOS determined by different methods are comparable
and the result is validated.
In general, a dump slope having 1.2 factor of safety is considered as stable. Here, FOS
is determined as 2.224 and 2.21 by two different methods. Hence, the proposed dump
will be stable and chance of dump failure will be negligible.
Results Showing Factor of Safety by Slope Stability calculator
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4.8 Mine Closure: Mine closure is the most important environmental requirement in mineral mining project. The mine closure plan would cover technical, environmental, social, legal and financial aspects dealing with Progressive and post closure activities.
The approved Scheme of Mining & Progressive Mine Closure Plan have been enclosed.
Mine Closure Criteria: The criteria involved in mine closure are discussed below:
Physical Stability: All anthropogenic structures, which include mine workings, waste dumps, buildings, etc., remaining after mine decommissioning would be physically stable. They would present no hazard to public health and safety as a result of failure or physical deterioration.
Blasting Effects: Regular testing and inspection of blasting operations in work zone being carried out with respect to noise, fly rock throw, vibration, dust and fume generation. These tests conducted regularly and whenever new patterns of blasting are adopted for rock fragmentation.
Revegetation and Green Belt Development: Greenbelt development as per the scheduled plan will be reserve every year. Post plantation status would also be regularly checked every season. Following plantation related data/information would be kept and compiled every year. (a) Area under plantation / vegetation (b) Period of plantation (c) Type of plantation (i) Tree species (ii) Grass (iii) Any others (d) Type of plant saplings / seedlings/grass species/ scrub species planted. (e) Distance between plants (Different Areas) (f) Type & amount of fertilizer used. (g) Interval of watering. (h) Method and period of post plantation care (i) Survival rate (j) Density of afforested area
(i) Pre-mining condition (ii) Post-mining conditions.
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4.9 MODELLING FOR EVALUATION OF ANTICIPATED INCREASE IN AIR
POLLUTION LEVELS DUE TO THE OPERATION OF MINES.
Prediction of fugitive dust level in the surrounding area has been carried out with the
help of Fugitive Dispersion Model (FDM).
Emission Inventory: Various quarrying activities have different emission, and the
determination of the emission factor for each activity is an important aspect. To
evaluate the air quality impact due to mining activities, an inventory has been carried
out with a view to identify the major sources of SPM. Emission rates for different
quarrying activities have been calculated based on formulae and software. Emission
rates have been calculated based on average wind speed, moisture and silt content of
materials, capacity/size of equipment and frequency of respective operation. Activity–
wise calculated emission rate and influencing parameters are summarized in Table
4.11 below. Emission rates for points, line and area sources are given g/s, g/s/m and
g/s/m2 respectively. Emission factor has been calculated on the basis of activity of
mines as per the enclosed Annexure 18.
Table 4.11
Sources of Pollution & Emission Factor
S.No. Source of air pollution Emission
rate Influencing parameters
Source Activity 1. Drilling Rock Surface 0.1901848
gm/sec. Moisture content 22%, silt content of cutting rock 16% hole diameter 100 mm frequency of drilling 12 holes/day.
2. Exposed Area Overburden 0.0000922 gm/sec/m2
Moisture content of dump surface 6%, silt content 7% & area of active dump 2 hect.
Pit surface 0.0000171 gm/sec/m2
Moisture content of pit surface 7%, silt content 7% & area of active pit 2 hect.
PAGE NO. (110)
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S.No. Source of air pollution Emission
rate
Influencing parameters
3. Mineral Loading 0.2678044
gm/sec.
Moisture content of loading
material 7%, silt content of
loading materials 7%. Drop
height 2.0 m, size of loader 1.6
M3. & frequency of loading 12 &
unloading 1/hour
Unloading 0.4510411
gm/sec.
4. Overburden Loading 1.0101256
gm/sec
Moisture content of loading
material 6%, silt content of
loading materials 10 % drop
height 2 m., frequency of loading
25 & unloading 4.
Unloading 0.5095369
gm/sec.
5. Stock yard Mineral
storage
0.000652
gm/sec/m2
Moisture content 7% silt content
15%, frequency of loading 4 &
unloading 1/hr.
6. Road Transport 0.0038982
gm/sec/m.
Moisture content of transport
road 14%, silt content 10% &
average vehicle speed 5 m/sec.
Frequency of vehicle movement
14/hr.
Haul road 0.0110814
gm/sec/m.
Moisture content of haul road
20%, silt content 18% &
frequency vehicle movement
20/hr & capacity of dumper 16
T.
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π u σy σz
Fugitive dust model: The fugitive dust model has been used to predict the ground
level SPM concentration in and around the mine. FDM is a computerized Gaussian
plume dispersion model, specifically developed by the United State Environment
Protection Agency (USEPA) for the estimation of particulate concentrations.
Cxo = Q where,
C = Pollutant concentration, g/m3
Q = pollutant emission rate, g/s
π = pi, 3.14159
u = mean wind speed, m/s
σy = standard deviation of horizontal plume concentration,
σz = standard deviation of vertical plume concentration,
Table 4.12
Increase in Air Pollution and Expected SPM
Receptor location
X coordinate
(m)
Y coordinate
(m)
Predicted increase in
GLC (µg/m3)
Ghodach 8565 5820 2.0 Acchi Bavri 10600 9500 7.7
Kadmal 4000 11100 0.5 Unwas 14500 16200 2.2
Predicted Air Quality: The predicted increase in GLC of SPM at selected receptor
locations ranged from 0.5 to 7.7 µg/m3.
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The project under question is an operating mine of which enhancement of targeted
production is applied hence there is no alternative to the site as the mining area is the
same. The technology alternatives related to mining activities such as bench
development, extent of mechanization have already been discussed and is the most
suitable method of mining are currently in process in the area. However, it is proposed
that any advancement in the method of mining will be done with due permission
approval and guidelines of various departments such as D.M.G., I.B.M., Mines
Safety, M.o.E.F. etc.
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6.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures
Introductuion Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable to take up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is important to measure the efficiency of control measures. Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environment; parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.
The objectives of monitoring are to:- • Verify effectiveness of planning decisions; • Measure effectiveness of operational procedures; • Conform statutory and corporate compliance; and • Identify unexpected changes.
6.2 Environmental Monitoring: The environmental monitoring for the existing and
proposed expansion of mining operations will be conducted as follows:
Air quality;
Water quality;
Noise levels;
6.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Cell: The work of environmental monitoring is given to
Apex Mintech Consultants to monitor important and crucial environmental
parameters which are of immense importance to assess the status of environment
during mine operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring
program can serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions
due to operation of the mine and suitable mitigatory steps could be taken in time to
safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as the control measures since
the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The
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following routine monitoring program will be implemented under the post-project
monitoring in the proposed mine. The monitoring program for implementation is
given as under:
Air Pollution: The ambient air quality is being monitored regularly at selected
locations. The ambient air will be monitored twice in a year at four locations around
the mine lease area & at mine site.
Water and Wastewater Quality: The ground water will be monitored in two season
i.e. pre-monsoon & post-monsoon period at mine site, upstream & downstream
locations.
Noise Levels: Noise levels in the work zone environment will be monitored regularly.
The frequency of noise monitoring will be twice in a year at mine site.
Soil Sampling: Soil samples will be tested before plantation / vegetation of the area.
The environmental monitoring cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programs at mine
site and data thus generated will be regularly submitted to the Regional Office.
Lucknow
The monitoring program to be implemented under environmental monitoring schedule is given in Table – 6.1.
Table – 6.1 Environment Monitoring Schedule
S.No. Station Parameters Monitoring Frequency
1. Air Quality A) Mine site SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx
Twice in a year
Twice in a year
B) Unwas C) Acchi Bavri D) Kadmal E) Ghodach 2. Water Quality &
level Chemical parameters,
water levels i) Mine site ii) Up Stream iii) Down Stream 3. Noise Levels Noise level in dB(A) Mine Site
4. Soil Characteristics Chemical parameters Mine site
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6.3 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection: As environmental protection
measures will be regularly monitored and implemented by a centralized
environmental management cell, the fiscal estimates have been arrived for the mining
activity, which is discussed in the following paragraphs.
The details of investment for procuring the equipments for efficient control and
monitoring of pollution along with annual recurring cost are given on foregoing page
in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2 Cost of Environment Protection Measures
(in Rs. Lakh) S.No. Particulars Capital Cost
in Lacs Annual recurring
cost
1. Establishing a small lab for environment monitoring
3.00
-
i) Yearly monitoring expenditure - 0.60 2.i) Cost of water tanker 4.00 - ii) Cost of watering - 2.00 3.i) First Aid Room 1.00 - ii) Miscellaneous equipment 0.70 - iii) Health check up - 0.60 3. Afforestation - - a) Cost of plant protection measure 3.00 0.50 b) Upkeep/plantation of 1000 plant
year - 2.00
4. Ear muff & plug and dust control measures.
1.0 0.30
5. Miscellaneous 0.30 1.00 Total 13.00 7.00
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7.1 Public Hearing: Public hearing of Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite mine of Shri
Yash Enterprises (Prop. Sh. Mahesh Mantri) near village Acchi Bavri, Tehsil
Nathdwara, District Rajsamand for environment clearance for expansion in
production in mine.
As per order of District Collector, Rajsamand letter No. i- 40 ¼3½ ¼41½ lk-iz-@i;kZ@ tu
lq-/05/4489-96 dated 27.08.2008 a public hearing for granting environment clearance
to M/s. Shree Yash Enterprises (Prop. Shri Mahesh Mantri) for expansion of
Soapstone & Dolomite Production at his mine near village Acchi Bavri, Tehsil
Nathdwara, District Rajsamand (M.L. No. 05/98 Old M.L. No. 01/88). A public
hearing was arranged on 4.10.2008 at 12.45 P.M. at the mine site.
The following persons were present:-
S.No. Name/Designation & Address Representative Department 1. Sh. B.L. Meharda (R.A.S.) Addl. District Collector
(Representative District Collector), Rajsamand
2. Shri Veer Singh Brijvasi Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Udaipur
At the start of the public hearing Shri Veer Singh Brijvasi Regional Officer, Rajasthan
State Pollution Control Board, Udaipur informed the persons present that the public
hearing has been kept for project expansion of Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite
Mine of M/s. Shree Yash Enterprises and to grant environment clearance for such
expansion. Shri Veer Singh Brijvasi informed that due to these public hearing the
general public awareness in common about environment protection is discussed.
After this Shri R.D. Saxena consultant of Shri Mahesh Mantri informed that M/s.
Shree Yash Enterprises (Prop. Shri Mahesh Mantri) wants to increase soapstone
production to 20,000 M.T. and Dolomite Production to 2,40,000 M.T. Thereafter Shri
R.D. Saxena informed about the impact on environment due to such expansion.
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Shri R.D. Saxena informed that the total lease area is 129.50 Hect. which exist near
village Acchi Bavri, Tehsil Nathdwara, District Rajsamand. The mining operation is
done by semi-mechanized opencast method. The proposed mining will not cause any
adverse effect on water table as the ultimate working will be done upto 33 mts.
whereas the average water table will remain at 41 mts. so no effect will take place on
water table.
Ordinarily in Soapstone mining blasting is not done whenever required control
blasting is done and to keep the environment within permissible limit water sprayed
on the dust falls area.
In the mining area is water sprinkled on the road to suppress dust during the mining
operation the overburden removed and stacked at earmarked place and the height of
the overburden will be kept maximum to 15 m. Every year 500 sapling of plants are
planted and same will be followed in future. The mining lease No. is 05/98 (Old M.L.
01/88) area 129.50 Hect. No written / oral complaints were made to District
Administration, Rajsamand or Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Udaipur.
During the course of public hearing following suggestions were made, Shri Veer
Singh Brijvasi, Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board requested
the public present to give their suggestions or any complaints about the project
concerning environment. The following suggestions were made by the public:-
1. Shri Prabhu Lal, Sarpanch (Nedach): There are 200-300 workers are working in
mines. Local people are getting employment therefore clearance should be given to
the project.
2. Shri Tita Ram, Village Kalora: Due to operation of this mines local people are
getting employment. There is no loss to environment and the mine owner is helping
us in various social work and also helping in school. He is also arranging water
tanker in summer season and in any eventualities He is providing vehicles to shift the
patient to Udaipur. Therefore permission should be given for mine working.
3. Shri Chhagan, Ward Panch Nedach: Different people from different castes such as
Gameti, Meghwal and other castes are working in the mine. Therefore permission
should be given to the mine.
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4. Shri Lalu, village Nedach said due to 200-300 workers are working in the mines and
no loss has been done by this mine, hence permission should be given to the mine.
5. Smt. Tulsi R/o village Needach: There is no loss due to this mine; the mine owners
should arrange water.
6. Shri Ram Singh village Losing: The people are getting employment due to which
development has taken place in the area. There is no effect on environment due to this
mine. We have no problem with this mine.
7. Shri Devi Singh Ex-Sarpanch R/o Village Semal: We are getting employment due
to this mine and we have no problem with this mine.
8. Shri Dal Chand R/o Kalora: The people of nearby villages are getting employment
due to this mine otherwise we have to move the other mine for getting employment
otherwise they have to move far places for employment. Due to this mine there is no
adverse effect on water or environment. The mine owners are helping us in various
social work. He is also arranging water, and also helping in various other matter.
In the end all present public unimously in one voice gave their consent for clearance
of the project.
In the end Shri B.L. Meharda, representative of District Collector, Rajsamand hope
that the mining project will do social and economic development in the area and the
people of nearby areas will get employment. Shri Mehrada also suggested to mine
owner to give employment on priority basis to local people and directed the mine
owner to work according to Mining Plan and to do large scale plantation and also
suggested to do mining as per norms of mining department. Shri Meharda also
directed to dump overburden of Soapstone & Dolomite at earmarked place and plan
out for medical health of the local people.
In the end Shri Meharda appreciated the vision and positive thinking and good
cooperation of the local people.
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Shri Veer Singh Brijvasi, Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board,
Udaipur thank the public representative and other present for their presence.
The list of the members present is enclosed for reference.
Sd/- Veer Singh Brijvasi Regional Officer, Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Udaipur
Sd/-B.L. Meharda (R.A.S.)
Addl. District Collector (Representative District
Collector), Rajsamand
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TIME BOUND ACTION PLAN IN RESPECT OF PUBLIC HEARING HELD ON 4.10.2008 WILL BE UNDERTAKEN
Time bound action plan in respect of public hearing for environmental clearance for
Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite mine, tehsil Nathdwara, District Rajsamand of
M/s. Mahesh Mantri c/o Yash Enterprises
The public hearing held on 4.10.2008 at 12.45 P.M. There was an overwhelming
response from the local residents who unanimously felt that the mines should be
continued & production enhancement would result in increased prosperity & better
job opportunities for them.
As far as the plantation is concerned the lessee is committed to plant 1000 sapling per
ha as given in mining plan, EIA/EMP report. Thus the plantation work will be fully
implemented. One local person will be appointed in plantation committee to take care
of these plants on a regular basis. A biologist has been consulted about the choice of
plants and ways to maintain the ecological balance and bio-diversity of the region.
Lessee will also provide Plants and tree guards for Environment protection and to
increase scenic beauty of area.
The water collected in pit during rains will be used for plantation, wet drilling & dust
suppression. This will be done immediately.
All workers from surrounding villages will be given employment, however 5 to 6
supervisory staff may be from outside.
Minimum wages as per central rule is paid from day one, group insurance of workers
be done under Workmen Compensation Rules.
All workers are medically examined as per Mines Rules, 1955 & the lessee will
arrange medical check up camp for workers & for the nearby villagers. All personal
safety equipments like safety helmets, boots are provided to all workers.
Lessee immediately takes action for welfare work in village and gives fund to making
temple.
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EEMMPP OOFF AACCCCHHII BBAAVVRRII SSOOAAPPSSTTOONNEE && DDOOLLOOMMIITTEE MMIINNEE ((MM..LL.. NNOO..55//9988))
((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
7.2 Risk Assessment: The mining operations involve various types of risks.
Risk : The risk is the chance of something happening that will ultimately have
a negative effete on health and safety of the person, as well as material
& resources. The risk is measured in terms of likelihood of events &
their consequent loss.
Risk : Likelihood (Probability) x consequence loss.
Identification of Risk (disaster factors in core & buffer zones):- This is large
mechanized opencast mine with a lease area of 129.50 hect, employing a total
manpower of 50 persons.
Excavations are being done by using HEMM by making 6.5 to 7 m. height bench and
about 8 m. wide benches.
Risk from side fall : In Mining there are always risk of side fall in working pit if not
properly kept, sloped & benched and hence it is essential to keep vigil in this respect in
opencast mining the maximum accident took place due to this factor.
Prevention from side fall: The mining supervisor are been strictly been instructed to
check the sides before start of the shift and rock behavior are constantly been studied,
dressing of side is done constantly in dressing the sites safety belt are been used by the
workers. The bench slope is maintained to 800 and height & width of bench are kept
properly sloped.
2. Risk in dump and dumping area:
The disposal of waste will raised unmanageable heights & will be dangerous to side
fall. managed in such a way that its stabilization is being done by planting vegetation
which will be started from a side to avoid edge & side mass from rolling down.
The angle of repose into consideration while dumping of waste.
During rains the problem is more serious.
Prevention/Mitigation Measures: That proper dumping and unloading of
overburden, spotter always remain in dump area. In order to guide the vehicles.
Proper terracing has been done required at every 10 mts. interval.
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EEMMPP OOFF AACCCCHHII BBAAVVRRII SSOOAAPPSSTTOONNEE && DDOOLLOOMMIITTEE MMIINNEE ((MM..LL.. NNOO..55//9988))
((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
Plantation has been done on the terracing which give a binding factor in the dump
area. Retaining wall in the toe of the dump has been made and proper drainage by
way of garland drain has been made in toe of dump.
Water is not allowed to percolate on the top of dump area, that large scale plantation
has been done in the dump area.
Risk in handling of explosive and blasting practices: The handling of explosives
and blasting involve a great risk if not properly handled it may cause disaster.
Prevention:
Explosive:
i. Storage of Explosive: The explosives are being stored in proper designed and
approved licenced magazine.
ii. The magazine is having lighting arrester to prevent accidental blast due to
atmospheric lighting.
iii. Fencing is made all around the magazine 15 mts.
iv. 24 hour guard is posted guard is provided with proper shelter.
v. Magazine in charge keeps all record regarding receipt, issue & return of the explosive.
vi. Unauthorized persons are not allowed in the magazine premises.
vii. Explosive is issued to blasting incharge on the bases of indent duly passed by
Manager or Asst. manager.
viii. Explosive transportation is carried out in proper boxes and transported by blaster &
helper. Gelatine & detonator are not carried in the same box.
ix. Primer Cartridges are made in blaster shelter by experienced workers.
x. Charging: Calculated amount of explosive is charged.
PRECAUTION TO PREVENT ACCIDENT DURING BLASTING:
1. All the person are removed from blasting site.
2. Guards deployed to keep all people away from danger zone.
3. Pillars are erected at a distance of every 500 mts., all around. These pillars are
constructed also to identify the distance of 500 mts.
4. Warning siren is hooted before blasting.
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((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
5. Blaster takes safe shelter before blasting which is at least 200 mts, away from
blasting site.
6. Only qualified trained persons are being employed.
Possibility of outbreak of fire: Fire is a significant hazard to the safety and health of
mine workers and life of mine too. A large fire in a mine can be a serious threat. The
hazardous nature and typical remoteness of mining operations makes extra vigilance in
preventing and adequately preparing for fire.
The leading causes of mine fires include flame cutting and welding operations, friction,
mobile equipment malfunctions, and the prevention, early and reliable detection, control,
and suppression of mine fire are critical elements in safeguarding the lives and livelihood
of miners and miners.
Prevention
Inflammable material will be stored in fire proof containers.
Dry vegetation will not be stored near diesel storage and adequate fire fighting
arrangements will be provided near the same.
Sufficient supply of sand, or portable fire extinguishers used as fire fighting
arrangement.
Electric apparatus & cables are being checked regularly.
High speed diesel and lubricants which can be highly inflammable have to be stored
separately in a storage tank as per the specification.
Workers are being trained in fire fighting at strategic location.
Risk in Storage of Diesel and oil lubricants:
Prevention: Diesel at the mine is stored in a proper underground tank for which the
lessee has obtained a license from Petroleum and Explosive Safety Organization,
Govt. of India. The diesel is issued to vehicles strictly under control by supervisory
staff. Proper fencing is done in the area. Fire extinguishers and sand buckets are
available in the premises. No unauthorized person is allowed in the premises. The
diesel tank has been given earthing so that in case of any lighting no mishap can take
place.
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EEMMPP OOFF AACCCCHHII BBAAVVRRII SSOOAAPPSSTTOONNEE && DDOOLLOOMMIITTEE MMIINNEE ((MM..LL.. NNOO..55//9988))
((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
Vehicle Movement and prevention of accident from vehicles: If Vehicles are not
maintained properly it may lead to accident while in operation in mines or in
workshop. Therefore proper maintenance of vehicles is carried out at workshop as per
schedule prescribed by the manufacturers. A mechanical engineer supported by mistry
and helper has been appointed for this job.
Machinery being deployed at present
Name of Machines
No. Risk involved Preventive Measures
1. Shovel a. Tata Hitachi Ex-110 b. Tata Hitachi Ex-200 c. Tata Hitachi Ex-201
3 Risk in operation of loading machines.
Some times stones fall from the bucket and the persons working near by suffer injury. Sometimes the injury might prove fatal. Therefore nobody should be allowed to remain in the swing area of the shovel bucket.
In case of high benches under cutting is not allowed otherwise it may result in bench failure or total collapse
Reverse alarm to caution the persons about the reversal of shovel.
No body will be allowed in bucket swing area.
No under cutting will be allowed.
Wagon drill machine
2 Drill bits of proper size is to be used. The operator should be competent & maintain proper pressure.
When a drill is being moved from one drilling area to another, the mast is placed in a safe position & drill steels, tools etc. are properly secured.
Name of Machines
No. Risk involve Preventing Measures
Compressor a. Atlas compressor b. IR. compressor c. Tractor compressor
4 Cylinder may sometimes burst. Safe cap & safety valve should be checked to avoid any possible accident.
Compressor should be installed on safe place preferably on a rigid platform.
Overheating should be avoided.
The compressor should be properly maintained. The suitable lubricating oil used in the compressor should be of a type to minimize production of CO, & harmful gases in the compressor air.
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((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
J.C.B. Loader
1 The oiling greasing and regular maintenance is essential.
The J.C.B. operators are properly trained & have adequate knowledge about the Do’s & Don’ts.
D.G. Set 1 The D.G. set should be installed as per guideline. The overheating should avoided.
Trained workers in fire fighting at strategies location & mock-drill will be carried out regularly.
Sufficient supply of portable fire extinguishers will be made available for fire fighting.
Trippers/ dumper 16 Deployment of dumper at may lead to fall of dumpers.
Accident in the mines may occur due to high speed. Therefore speed should be checked to avoid any possible accident.
When dumpers are loaded, nobody should come under swing area.
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((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
Risk of employment of untrained persons: There is a constant risk in employment
of untrained workers. Such persons may cause accident because of lack of their
knowledge and hence it is very important that qualified trained persons be employed
for various mining operations:-
i. Mining operation: All persons starting from Mines Manager, to Blaster are
competency certificate holders issued by Director General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad.
They are well experienced in their job.
ii. The management along with adjoining mine owner has establish a Group Mine
Vocational Training Centre where workers of this mine and adjoining of mine are
getting Vocational Training.
iii. That time to time refresher courses are also arranged for the workers.
Risk of Occupational Diseases: In mine occupational workers may get occupational
diseases and hence it becomes necessary to prevent the same.
That periodical medical examination of all the workers is done as per Mines Rules,
1995. A First Aid Room with all the equipments exist in the mines where Doctor form
Limestone & Dolomite Welfare Board along with paramedical staff in a mobile
vehicle visit the mines twice in week. In case of any need sick persons can be shifted
to Hospital of Limestone & Dolomite Welfare Board existing at about 10 km. at
Odan.
First Aid Training: All the supervisors & workers are trained in first aid,
periodically refresher course are arrange to give refresher training.
To create safety consciousness a pit safety committee under the chairmanship of
Mines Manger is in operation and every year this mine participate in Mines Safety
Week and twice overall safety award in Mines Safety Week has been done by this
mine apart from other prizes.
Other possible risk & prevention measures:
Danger signs have been displayed at suitable locations.
Only authorized and trained persons are permitted to operate and maintain
equipments.
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
The possible risk due to ground water contamination being caused by surface run off
from the mines can be started by adopting suitable measures such as construction of
peripheral drainage around the waste dump and check dams at suitable places. This
aspect has already been covered in EMP.
The rise in SPM due to the mining operations thereby causing air pollution are also be
suitably controlled by measures as discussed in the EMP.
Disaster Management Plan: The aim of disaster management plan is to minimize
the adverse effects of a hazard through effective precautionary actions and to ensure
timely, appropriate and efficient organization and delivery of emergency response
following the impact of a disaster.
The pit safety committee (PSC) has been constituted at the mine level consisting of a
mine manager essentially among others which has the aim of promoting safety in the
mines. It is manned by qualified persons and the duties and responsibilities of the
same are being fixed. Safety education & training is provided to the workers and
employees of the mines.
The committee is discuss remedial measures against the unsafe conditions & practices
in the mines, inquire about the accidents and give its recommendations. It will also
organize the Mines Safety Week and other safety related competition.
The PSC is also remain in touch with local hospitals and community health centres
and will provide first aid facility whenever required. It is also consist of a person who
is well versed with providing first aid facility. The board indicating the contact
persons of relevant departments alongwith their contact numbers is displayed at the
mine site and office so that they can be contacted easily during any form of disaster.
An alarm or hooter is also been provided to call all the available staff for help in case
of any emergency.
The Safety Audit of the mines is also be carried out by experts in association with the
pit safety committee (PSC) to assess the safety standards of the mines, to analysis the
causes of accidents and to suggest measures to prevent any such recurrence in future.
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((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
Safety Management: Safety management for mining operations is governed by a
very well defined set of rules, regulations etc. framed by Government of India and
modified from time to time.
Legislative Frame Work: All the operations in any metalliferous mines are regulated
under the Mines Act, 1952 and rules and regulations framed under it. Metalliferous
mines Regulations is a comprehensive legislation framed under the Mines Act and it
takes care of the technical and safety aspects of the mining operations.
Mining legislations have been modified from time to time to meet the challenge of the
new risks from newer technology and technical advancements for ensuring better
safety standards in mines to ensure compliance with the relevant regulation.
Government of India has also constituted an Inspectorate under the Ministry of
Labour (Director General of Mines Safety – DGMS).
The officers of DGMS carry out periodic inspections to ensure that mining operations
are in conformity with the law. Permission of DGMS is obtained for various activities
as required, including permission to work with Heavy Earth Moving Machinery.
The organizational requirements for ensuring safety, as laid down in the different
regulations, are built into the overall of the mine.
Safety Policy: Safety of both men and materials is accorded maximum priority in the
mine. A occupational health and safety policy has been framed with the following
objectives. In general following measure is being taken.
Δ To improve working conditions and environment;
Δ To propagate safety measures and create safety consciousness among workmen,
supervisors and officials, which is done during Safety Week, Environment Week.
Δ To train workmen as well as the supervisors in their respective fields of operations;
Δ To reduce the scope of accidents and to aim at accident free performance;
Δ To adopt measures for improvement in health standards;
Δ To ensure that no long term effects on health due to industrial environment take place.
Δ To ensure that all statutory provisions relating to safety are followed.
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((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
Occupational health: That due to mining activities following impact can take place
on workers.
(a) Impact due to the generation of dust.
(b) Any occupational disease.
(c) Safety of the person due to various factors like fall of side, accident due to explosive ,
running of Dumper etc.
I. Health:
To prevent the inhalation of air borne dust by the workers, following measures are
being taken up.
While drilling all provisions of Metalliferous Mine Regulation, 1961 are being
followed.
i) Dust is suppressed as close as possible to its source of formation.
ii) During any operation of drilling the production of dust is reduced by using drill-bits
which are sharp and of proper shape; keeping suitable air-pressure on the bit; and
Clearing the cuttings from the bit;
Occupational Health Surveillance at Mine:
1. That a Medical Officer of Limestone and Dolomite Welfare Board visits twice in a
week at mine site alongwith paramedical staff, in a van.
2. All supervisory staff have been trained in First Aid. A First Aid Room exists at the
mine.
3. Vibration studies of various mining machinery has been done before their
introduction in mining operations as per ISO standards.
4. Ergonomical assessment of all latest machines, before their introduction into mining
operation as per ISO standards. ergonomical assessment is included:
* Assessment of work process.
* Assessment of working Aids/tools
* Assessment of working posture
5. Potability tests of drinking water supplied to the mine employees, is being made once
in a year.
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EEMMPP OOFF AACCCCHHII BBAAVVRRII SSOOAAPPSSTTOONNEE && DDOOLLOOMMIITTEE MMIINNEE ((MM..LL.. NNOO..55//9988))
((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
6. Initial medical examination has been done to all workers as per Rule 29 of Mines
Rules, 1955.
7. The frequency of periodic medical examinations existing five years, and three years for the mining employees above 45 years of age.
8. Employees engaged in driving/ HEMM operation jobs undergo refraction test at least once in a year
9. As mineral Soapstone and Dolomite is non toxic, no other occupational disease is anticipated.
10. Protective personal equipments like dust mask aspirators are used. 11. All precautions under Metallifersous Mines Regulation are being taken.
12. Safety Education & Training: Safety education is considered an important means in pursuit of accident prevention. Before induction, workmen are provided vocational training at the mine. Basic training is provided by faculty from training center to the qualified persons. The skilled category workmen are provided specialized training in their respective areas of work. Training is also arranged for supervisory categories. Specialized training is provided to all the new entrants in fire fighting and first aid. A Mine Vocational Training Centre named as "Haldighati Mine Vocational Training Centre" exists at Semal adjoining the mine in which the mine workers of this mine and other mines are been trained.
7.3 Relief & Rehabilitation Actions Plans: As far as the area is concerned, there is no increase in area of the mines and only increase in targeted production is sought. Hence there will not be displacement of population. The importance of mitigation measures has been highlighted & ensured that after the implementation of EMP there will not be any appreciable effect on the environment. However, there is an adequate provision of medical health check ups and supply of free medicine to the ailing people in general. As and general as and when the emergency situation will arises the mines administration is well equipped to tackle the same.
The mine workers are being provided with all safety equipments rest shelter, cool and wholesome drinking water, conducive atmosphere of work. As the workers we in nearby villages, no housing facilities are required, excepting for 10, 12 supervisory staff who being to outside place.
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EEMMPP OOFF AACCCCHHII BBAAVVRRII SSOOAAPPSSTTOONNEE && DDOOLLOOMMIITTEE MMIINNEE ((MM..LL.. NNOO..55//9988))
((LLEESSSSEEEE:: SSHHRRII MMAAHHEESSHH MMAANNTTRRII CC//OO SSHHRREEEE YYAASSHH EENNTTEERRPPRRIISSEESS
Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
8.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure: The impact of mining on the civic
amenities will be substantial after the commencement of increased in targeted
production. The basic requirement of the community needs will be strengthed by
extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township to the
community, providing drinking water to the village, building/strengthening of existing
roads in the area. The lessee will initiate the above amenities either by strengthening
or by improving the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living
standards of local communities.
The construction of new roads or strengthening of roads in project area will enhance
the transportation facilities. With improved transportation facilities there is always a
scope for development. The communication facilities will improve after the
commencement of mining activities.
Medical facilities are being provided in the form of dispensary at mine site and these
medical facilities would also be available to local people in the surrounding in case of
emergencies.
8.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure
Generation of employment and improved standard of living;
Increased revenue to the state by way of royalty, taxes and duties;
Superior communication and transport facilities etc.
In addition to above, due to increase in purchasing power of local in habitants:
There will be significant change in the socio-economic scenario of the area.
The proposed project will enhance the prospects of employment.
Recruitment for the unskilled and semi-skilled workers for the project activities on
contractual basis from the nearby villages.
The development of the basic amenities viz. roads, transportation, electricity, drinking
water, proper sanitation, educational institutions, medical facilities, entertainment, etc.
will be developed as far as possible.
CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 88:: PPRROOJJEECCTT BBEENNEEFFIITTSS
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Overall the expansion of project will change living standards of the people and
improve the socio-economic conditions of the area.
8.3 Employment Potential: The renewal and expansion of mining activities will provide
employment to persons of different skills and trades on contractual basis. The local
population will have preference to get an employment. The employment potential will
ameliorate economic conditions of these families directly and provide employment to
many other families indirectly who are involved in business and service oriented
activities. The employment of local people in primary and secondary sectors of
project will upgrade the prosperity of the region. This will in-turn improve the socio-
economic conditions of the area.
8.4 Other tangible benefits: Apart from the improvement in physical infrastructure,
social infrastructure and the awareness of employment generation, there are some
other benefits from the project. After the scheme of plantation is adopted and enmass
plantation done, the area can very well be developed into a green orchard &
recreational spot after the mines closure. Although it may take time but a picnic spot
can be developed alongwith a planned scheme of development of a botanical garden.
The same shall always be a source of attraction of tourists, scientists, students and can
earn livelihood for the persons residing in the area after the closure of the mine.
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
The mines manager will ensure that proper environment measures are taken to protect
the environment. He has been recruited at the mine & for this purpose. A competent
& qualified person, (M.Sc. (Environment), will be appointed as environment head to
supervise the implementation of monitoring programme.
The environmental head will co-ordinate with the consultant for evolving & execution
systematic of monitoring programme. Environmental head will also supervise, water
quality assessment, health studies, collection of statistics of health of workers,
population of the region, implementation of afforestation & green belt development
plan in line with the requirements.
In addition, environment incharge will send regularly the monitoring report to MoEF
and consent to operate & will regularly ensure compliance to dispatch its report to the
regulatory bodies Environment incharge will the forest department as and when need
regarding afforestation programme. The environment in charge will arrange medical
check up for mine workers.
CC HH AA PP TT EE RR –– 99:: EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN
Mines Manager / Execution Mechanization of Environment Management Plan
Asstt. Manager
Environment Incharge Mining Incharge
Plantation Incharge Safety Incharge
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: Management, executives and workers of Acchi
Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite Mine are fully committed to protect the environment by
adopting proven and eco friendly technology and practices, wherever feasible;
ensuring compliance of all the prevailing & applicable statutory requirements on mine
safety and environment to produce quality Soapstone & Dolomite in a cost effective
manner at their mine located at village Acchi Bavri in Distt. Rajsamand.
If during the course of mining, any environmental violations occur this will be
identified and dealt in accordance with the documented procedure.
The management will always make unstinted collective efforts to achieve this goal of
protecting the environment in and around the said mine.
The above policy will be fully implemented by the management after the start of
mining operation.
Standard Operating Procedure & Hierarchical System followed for dealing with
Environmental Violations/Non Compliances
• Whenever any environmental violation/non compliance are pointed by the regulatory
bodies, it is immediately brought to the notice of top management by the Mines
Manager and discussed thoroughly.
• Consultant is intimated about the same and remedial action plan needed to address the
said violation/non compliance is chalked out.
• Environmental monitoring is carried out, if needed, for the related aspect to
circumvent the observed violation/non compliance and evolve the remedial measures.
• Appropriate report is prepared incorporating the implementation of remedial measures
to check and avoid the future recurrence of such violence/non compliance, wherever
possible.
• Report is submitted to the regulatory authority (PCB) by the mine owner for the verification of the said remedial measures.
• After receiving affirmative letter from them, the violation/non compliance are deemed to have been addressed and the case is closed. Hierarchical System followed for dealing with Environmental Violations/Non Compliances Standard operating procedures as described are quite clear and self explanatory with respect to hierarchical system followed in dealing with the non compliance. Box diagrammatic presentation of the same is, however, given below:
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
The Hierarchical System for dealing with Environment Issue Reporting System for Non Compliances: This is a small mine, as such having no Board of directors and /or shareholders or stakeholders. Mine proprietor is the highest authority for taking major administrative & financial decisions. However, day to day administrative affairs and all technical matters and mine operations are dealt by a qualified mine manager. In the event of any non compliances /violations of environmental norms, the mine manager brings the same to the notice of the proprietor and further it is dealt as outlined in the Standard Operating Procedure.
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
10.1 Availability of funds for Environmental Protection Measures
Funds for Green belt protection: The management of the firm is conscious about
environment & earmarked funds for environmental protections as mentioned in
Chapter No.6. The management has made provision for afforestation in the mine area
and provisions for water tankers, tree guards have been made. Apart from mine area
the management is contributing for the protection of environment and afforestation in
the area.
10.2. Implementation Schedule: The mitigation measures are already implemented in the
lease area. However certain improvements suggested by Apex Mintech Consultants
has also been initialized, viz:-
a) Providing more green belt: Regulation plantation in the mine area and around is
undertaken.
b) Mitigation measures for socio economic aspects.
- Funding for pucca road construction in the area.
- Arrangement of medical camps especially for family planning in the villages of the
study area.
Monitoring of water quality: The ground water will be monitored from time to time
twice in a year.
Monitoring of Air Pollution: Ambient air quality monitoring would be done as per
norms of RPCB/MOEF, i.e. twice in a year.
Soil Monitoring: The soil analysis of station would be done at least twice in a year.
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
10.3. Monitoring Schedule Table 10.1
Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters Particulars Monitoring
frequencies Imp. monitor parameters
Ground Water Twice in a year pH, SS, TDS, Iron, Cl, Hardness,
alkalinity, No3, PO4 Ambient Air Quality Twice in a year SPM, SO2 & NOx
Soil Analysis Twice in a year pH conductivity SO4, NO3, PO4 texture,
Alkalinity Noise Twice in a year Noise level in dBA
10.4 Recommendation: The survey conducted by Apex Mintech Consultants reveals
that the management is providing continual improvement of Environment. The air
environment after momentary dust cloud formation is suppressed by water sprinkling.
The other sources of fugitive emissions are regularly sprinkled with water. The
management has provided ear muffs & helmets to the workers at the mine.
The regular medical check – up of workers is carried out. Green belt development is
stressed & workers are motivated for plantation care. The general environmental
awareness is given to the local workers. Regular maintenance of vehicles is carried
out, slogans of Environment, health & Safety are recommended for display.
10.5 Overall justification for implementation of the project: In this report, the
anticipated impacts on the environment have been discussed at length. The proposed
environment management plan to mitigate the impacts on the environment has also
been considered.
It was found that after the implementation of EMP for enhancement project and thus
reducing the impact to the environment, the project is feasible and moreover it will
help in the development of the area by providing an enhancement in the infrastructure
facilities, and increase in the socio-economic status of the area by creating more job
opportunities etc. Thus the project under consideration helps in the development of
the area as well as providing necessary material for the construction based sector. It
can be said this to cherish the goal of sustainable development i.e. development not at
the cost of loss to the future generation this project can be from signal. It is also worth
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to point out here that the modelling conducted to anticipate the increase in pollution
parameter also indicates that at the points where baseline data were measured, the
increase in the main parameters of air pollution i.e. SPM is not appreciable. This was
predicted by considering the worst case scenario. A small increase in SPM levels will
not make much difference in the overall air quality of the area and the ambient
standards as per the norms are not being exceeded. As far as the development work is
concerned the surrounding area will be benefited in terms of the enhanced facilities
which will be provided by the mines in terms of the medical check ups, provision of
supply of free medicines, increase in education related facilities, infrastructure
development. Moreover all measures will be taken to increase greenery of the area by
undertaking intensive plantation measure.
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
APEX MINTECH CONSULTANTS
(An ISO-9001 & ISO-14001 certified and QCI-NABET Accredited organization) 21, RAVINDRA NAGAR, UDAIPUR
TELEFAX (0294) 2490760 (O), 2490803 (R) E-mail: [email protected]
Name of the Project: Acchi Bavri Soapstone & Dolomite Mine M/s. Mahesh Mantri C/o Yash Enterprises Nature of consultancy
Name and address of the Consultants/expert
Approvals, if any from (NABL/ DGMS / IBM / NRBPT / MOEF / CPCB / others etc)* give reference
EIA/EMP Organization
Apex Mintech Consultants, Regd. as an RQP by Indian Bureau of Mines Reg. No. RQP/UDP/244/2003/B Telefax No. (0294) 2490760 [email protected]
Functional Area Name and address of the Consultant/expert Env. Coordinator SHRI AMIT SAXENA
12, Vinayak Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur, Mobile: 9829161803
e-mail: [email protected] FAE-Land Use PRAGNYA PRIYADARSINI NANDA
At Ghatakudi PO- Khajuria Via Bramhagiri, Distt. Puri Orissa
Mobile: 08260755291 e-mail: [email protected]
FAE-Air Pollution DR. Y.L. MEHTA 57, Gokul Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur
Mobile: 9829600859 e-mail: [email protected]
FAE-Air Quality SHRI K.V. RAMESH
291/1, Hiran Magri, Sector No.11, Udaipur e-mail: [email protected]
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Functional Area Name and address of the Consultant/expert
FAE-Water Pollution DR. Y.L. MEHTA 57, Gokul Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur,Mobile: 9829600859
e-mail: [email protected] DR. K.L. MENARIA
A-1, Santosh Nagar, Gariyawas, Udaipur Mobile: 9414005343
e-mail: [email protected]
FAE-Ecology & Biodiversity
DR. ANITA JAIN 17, Baneda House, Fatehpura Road, Udaipur
Mobile: 9414358062 e-mail: [email protected]
SH. RADHE SHYAM Radhe Shyam S/o Sh. Pala Singh,
V.P.O. Amar Pura Jalu (Khat), Teh- Sangaria Dist- Hanumangarh (Raj.)- 335063
Mobile: 98294-35376 e-mail: [email protected]
FAE-Noise & Vibration SHRI AMIT SAXENA 12, Vinayak Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur
Mobile: 9829161803 e-mail: [email protected]
DEEPIKA AMETA Bhinder, Udaipur
e-mail:
FAE-Socio-Economics
Mridula Bairwa D-27 MB General Hospital Campus, Udaipur (Rajasthan).
Mobile: 0294- 2525426 e-mail: [email protected].
SMT. REEMA SAXENA 12, Vinayak Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur
Mobile: 9314409553 e-mail: [email protected]
FAE-Hydro-Geology SHRI R.K. PORWAL 7, Badi Maheshwarion Ki Gali, Dhan Mandi, Udaipur.
Mobile: 9460727064 e-mail: [email protected]
FAE-Geology SHRI R.K. PORWAL 7, Badi Maheshwarion Ki Gali,
Dhan Mandi, Udaipur. Mobile: 9460727064
e-mail: [email protected]
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Prepared by: Apex Mintech Consultants, 21-Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur (Rajasthan) Telefax: (0294) 2490760 (O)
Functional Area NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE CONSULTANT/EXPERT FAE-Risk Assessment & Hazard Management
SHRI AMIT SAXENA 12, Vinayak Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur
Mobile: 9829161803 e-mail: [email protected]
AE-Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste
Management
DR. Y.L. MEHTA 57, Gokul Nagar, Bohra Ganeshji, Udaipur
Mobile: 9829600859 e-mail: [email protected]
FAE- Soil
MS. SONALI SINGH 70-71, Hiran Magri, Sector 6, Udaipur
Mobile: 9413552841 e-mail: [email protected]
FOR: M/S. MAHESH MANTRI FOR: APEX MINTECH CONSULTANTS
MAHESH MANTRI (R.D. SAXENA)