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Headley Court is the home of the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, whose aim is to return those military

personnel who have been injured or who are seriously ill to full physical and psychological fitness and back to duty in the shortest possible time. The following groups of people are eligible to receive treatment:

• All serving members of Her Majesty’s Armed Forces• Mobilised members of the Territorial Army• Auxiliary RAF and Royal Naval Reservists on active service

The number of rehabilitation personnel is about 200 from all three services Medical and Nursing branches, including Princess Mary’s Royal Air Force Nursing Service, providing specialist medical officers, nurses, remedial instructors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, a cognitive therapist, social workers, engineers, and administration support staff. Not only does the centre deal with patients with new physical disabilities, but it also deals with patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.

Within the complex are specialised Departments as follows:

• Physiotherapy Department:Military and Civilian physiotherapists provide treatment for those with musculo-skeletal, complex trauma and neurological injuries.

• Group Therapy Department:The aim is to accelerate the rehabilitation process and return injured servicemen and women back to their primary role as quickly as possible.

• Neurological Rehabilitation:This provides comprehensive assessment, rehabilitation and management of neurological illness and injury for a range of conditions including brain injury, stroke and multiple sclerosis.

• Occupational Therapy Department:

This enables people who have suffered an illness or disability to be as independent as possible in their chosen occupations, be it self-care, work or leisure.

• Rehabilitation Squadron Workshops:

This enables people who have suffered an illness or disability to be as independent as possible in their chosen occupations, be it self-care, work or leisure.

• Nursing: The nursing staff are part of the multidisciplinary team which encourage patients to reach their full potential in terms of independence physically, psychologically and socially, thus to lead a fulfilled life.

• Patients Services Squadron: Provide effective and timely administrative/medical support to the clinical staff and patients.

• Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy:

This deals with the loss of those cognitive skills which are lost or altered as a result of neurological trauma or illness. The aim is to improve the patient’s abilities in everyday life situations.

• Speech and Language Therapy:This assists to improve or maintain skills as a result of neurological damage.

• Social Work: This deals with the recognition that a person’s views should be respected and heard.

• Research: This is to undertake and facilitate research into musculo-skeletal injury that guides evidence based clinical practice relevant to the needs of the Defence Services.

It was so very evident from the visit that those Armed Service Personnel that require specialised medical treatment receive it from a highly experienced, dedicated and sympathetic group which we tend to group together and call ‘Headley Court’. Our Heros are being treated by unsung Heros to whom no amount of praise is sufficient.

The buildings and grounds forming part of Headley Court are comprehensive. Headley Court is set in 84 acres of landscaped gardens on the southern slopes of Epsom Downs, Surrey. Many of the buildings are listed, and the gardens

are still maintained to the same design and standards as set by its former owner Baron Cunliffe. Walter Cunliffe was born on 3rd December 1855 and was the eldest of four brothers and two sisters. His father, James, a Merchant Banker, was involved in the development of the North Eastern Railway Company. Walter was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1880 he entered the banking industry, and subsequently in 1890 with his brothers Arthur and Robert founded the merchant bank Cunliffe Brothers.

In 1895 he became a Director of the Bank of England, and was Governor between 1913 and 1918. He was a director of North Eastern Railway Company and the P&O Line. Walter was created Baron Cunliffe, of Headley in the County of Surrey, in December 1914. In June 1917 he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire. Baron Cunliffe also received many foreign decorations including Commandeur of the Légion d’honneur (France), Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (Japan), and the Order of St. Anna (first class; Russia).

Walter married Mary Agnes, the younger daughter of Robert Henderson, in 1890. Mary died in 1893 and in 1896 he married Edith Cunningham, fifth daughter of Colonel Robert Tod Boothby. He had three sons and three daughters from his marriages. He died at his home, Headley Court, on 6th January 1920 after suffering from septicaemia. His son Rolf succeeded to his title.

During the Second World War the premises were used as the headquarters of The First Canadian Army. After the war it became a rehabilitation centre for injured pilots and aircrew. In 1946 it was purchased by the Institute of Chartered Auctioneers and Estate Agents who donated the estate to The Royal Air Force to commemorate the Battle of Britain.

The former home of Baron Cunliffe is the most fitting of surroundings to care for those wounded in the defence of our liberties.

Byzantium Times : Issue 1 Spring 2011 0302 Byzantium Times : Issue 1 Spring 2011

Division supports Headley CourtPatients’ WelfareFundWords: R.Ill.Kt. Roy Leavers,

Intendant General

On Friday 30th July

2010 R Ill Kt Roy Leavers, Intendant-

General, and Ill Kt Laurie Young, Deputy

Intendant-General, attended Headley Court to

make a donation in the sum of £3,000 on behalf of the Division

of Surrey to the Headley Court Patients’ Welfare Fund. Here they

were met by Peter Ritchley, an Executive Officer. Peter gratefully

received the donation on behalf of the Welfare Fund and showed some of the many splendid facilities to both Roy and Laurie. The highlight of the tour undoubtedly being

the new swimming and gym complex, which was funded by ‘Help for Heroes’. The donation was used to purchase the following items of equipment:

• An aquaplinth for weightless exercise during hydrotherapy• A set of hydro-tone equipment – also used in hydrotherapy

• 5 iPod shuffles to be used by the Neurorehab group

• An iPad for cognitive therapy in the Brain Injury unit

A Demonstration of the ceremony of making

a Knight Templar in 1825Words: R E Kt Michael J Banbury, Provincial Prior for Surrey Knights Templar Picture: Wikimedia Commons

On Wednesday 20th April 2011, at the meeting of Emmaus Preceptory at Surbiton Masonic

Centre, there will be a demonstration, in the costume of the early 19th Century, of the English Knights Templar Ceremony. This will be as described by Richard Carlile, pictured right, in his journal ‘The Republican’ in 1825, and afterwards in his ‘Manual of Freemasonry’.

It will be delivered by ‘The Thespian Knights’ of the Province of Hampshire and Isle of Wight, under the direction, and including as Richard Carlile himself, the Provincial Prior of that Province, R E Kt Trevor Gulliver. R E Kt Trevor, acts the part of Richard Carlile and narratesthe performance.

The DemonstrationThe demonstration was first publically performed at the 2009 Knight Templar International Conference in Winchester, attended by delegations of Knights Templar from all over the world, where it was received with great interest. It is totally different from any other Knights Templar ceremony you will see in England today, although I am told that it has certain similarities to the ceremony currently in use in Scotland. Maybe also in Bristol. Where else will you see a meat cleaver used in a Masonic ceremony or Heralds actually using trumpets for the proclamation? The only other time it will have been performed prior to that at Emmaus, was last summer on a riverboat trip on the Thames, in aid of The Grand Master’s appeal for the Anabta project of the Jerusalem Eye Hospital.

Richard Carlile – the man from the lecture entitled ‘The Devil’s Freemason’ by Andrew Prescott 30th November 2000 – and with thanks to the contribution of R E Kt Gulliver.

So who was Richard Carlile? He was a tireless campaigner for freedom of speech and freedom of the press, a fierce opponent of the monarchy, a supporter of republicanism and a militant atheist. Sounds an interesting fellow and just the sort we want in Christian Freemasonry! Born in

Ashburton in Devon in 1790, he received a basic education at the local charity schools and in 1803 became a tinplate worker. He struggled to make a living in Devon and moved to Portsmouth and eventually, after marrying the daughter of a poor Hampshire cottager, moved to London.

By March 1817, because of the economic situation, he forged a new career devoting all his energies to full-time radical politics by selling papers such as the Political Register. There were many risks in publishing political literature of this kind; not only did the 1799 Unlawful Societies Act require the registration of Freemasons’ lodges, it also stipulated severe penalties for the sale of publications which breached various strict regulations, and in 1817 the Home Office ordered magistrates to arrest the publishers of blasphemous and seditious writings.

Inevitably Carlile, on several occasions, was imprisoned for his activities. During one of these confinements he turned his thoughts to Freemasonry and wrote his exposé for the 12th volume of ‘The Republican’, which he subsequently reproduced in book form under the title ‘Manual of Freemasonry’. It was an instant success and is the only work written by him still to be in print today.

By the time he left prison for the last

time in 1832, he was deeply in debt. The Government fines had taken their toll and he no longer had the financial resources to successfully publish newspapers. When he died in 1843 a large number of people attended his funeral in Kensal Green cemetery in recognition of the important role he had played in achieving a free press.

The Jerusalem Eye Hospital – Anabta AppealThe Anabta Appeal was set up by the Grand Master to raise money for diagnostic equipment for the outreach clinic of the Jerusalem Eye Hospital and is due to be completed in May this year. The Anabta Eye centre is situated on the West Bank in Palestine and opened to patients for the very first time on 23rd April 2007. It is the third satellite clinic in this area and will enable the hospital to reach almost all of the West Bank towns, villages and refugee camps. It caters for close on a million patients in the isolated north of the West Bank area. In 2009, it treated 11,289 patients.

Blindness resulting from diabetes is an enormous problem in Palestine and the surrounding areas. If it is caught early enough, a patient can be cured. Left untreated the patient will go blind. This equipment will be used both for the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Thanks to the help provided by E Kt Hugh Saville in promoting the appeal by visiting all the Preceptories in the Province, we are well on our way to achieving our target of £7,500.

The Emmaus MeetingThe demonstration will commence at 6pm, but if you are a member of the Order, the Preceptory meeting will start at 4pm. Either way, you would be most welcome, with any guests, to attend at the appropriate time. The meal, which will follow the demonstration, will cost £25.00. Application should be to E Kt Keith Waller on 020 8398 0300, email: [email protected]

Editor: It is hoped many duly qualified Worthy Knights from the Division will be present at the meeting to support Michael.


At the time I was sports diving with the Southsea branch of the BSAC and Alan thought it a good idea if I worked for him at Fort Bovisand drawing plans (underwater on slate) and plotting various wreck sites in Plymouth Sound of which there were a numerous quantity. You must remember this was before sophisticated cameras that we have today, the Nikonos underwater camera was the best available and this was only a basic 35mm camera that happened to be waterproof. Hans Hass had developed housings for Rollieflex cameras and Hassleblads but these tended to leak, hence why most things were drawn up on slate underwater and then transferred to paper later. At Bovisand I learnt underwater cutting techniques, explosives and how to preserve wooden

finds by injecting them with a glycerine and water repellant technique, thanks to the development of this by the archaelogical advisor on the site namely Margaret Rule.

We learnt how to use the new demand valves, as previous to this we had been using twin hoses on pretty ancient breathing tanks, compliments of the local fire brigade. Alan also told me how to purchase wrecks from the registrar of wrecks for a smallish fee of £50 which enabled any artefacts lifted from a wreck to be our property and later sold for a small profit. Diving in those days was solely self funding and to make £75 from a brass shellcase or £50 for copper wire bought of a wreck went a long way to funding our hobby. During this time Alan Bax suggested that I might like to do some diving work

for a friend of his that I had previously briefly met at Southend Diving Club,Mad Mac.

My memory of Mac was as a true eccentric. At Southend BSAC he had installed a battered old leather chair that nobody else dare sit in, or face an indecipherable torrid of celtic myrth - I think that is what you would call it.

However, thinking that this might be an opportunity to make a little more cash as Mac had already found one or two wrecks and was dabling with various sonar finding equipment similar to those used on subs this seemed like a good opportunity. Little was I to know that this adventure wouldn’t actually net me any profit and it would still

Diving the Mary Rose Part 1 : The Prologue

Words: W Kt Bob Tuthill Picture: Wikimedia Commons

>>continued on page 12

My interest in wreck diving first began when I was 19 years old. At the time I was working for the Admiralty as a technical Illustrator (a technical illustrator produces three dimensional schematic drawings usually from blue prints of exactly what a mechanical part should look like. Some of you may be old enough to remember the pull-out centre spread of the Eagle comic) and I was attached to the Submarine Base at Gosport, working on Nuclear subs. It was during this time that I met Lt. Commander Alan Bax who owned Fort Bovisand in Plymouth and who introduced me to Alexander McKee (Mad Mac).

Saint Macarius of Jerusalem was born but we know not where or when. We do know he was Bishop of Jerusalem from 312 until shortly before 335.

Another Saint – Athanasius – in one of his orations against Arianism, refers to St. Macarius as an example of ‘the honest and simple style of apostolical men’.

The Arian concept of Christ that Athanasius was writing about is that the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by - and is therefore distinct from and inferior to - God the Father. It denied the indivisible Three-in-One or, as we say, the Trinity in Unity. It was against this heresy that the Nicene Creed was written at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 and is the first creed in which the equality of the three persons of the Trinity is explicitly stated. The later (and not so often used) Athanasian Creed goes into greater detail of the relationship between the Triune Godhead. Although we have insufficient time for me to discuss it today, I would commend that creed to your future study at some time. You will find it in the Book of Common Prayer; or let Google find it for you.

It was also about 325 that Macarius received and assisted Saint Helena, mother of our Royal Founder, in her successful search at Jerusalem for the True Cross.

There is a legend attached to the True Cross and this legend contains several versions of the origin of that Cross. In one version it claims that it came from three trees which grew from three seeds of the ‘Tree of Mercy’ which Seth (Adam and Eve’s third son) collected and deposited in the mouth of Adam’s corpse. In another account, it came from a tree that grew from part of the Tree of Knowledge, or, ‘the tree that Adam ate of ’, that Seth planted on Adam’s grave where it is said to have ‘endured... unto the time of Solomon’.

Many centuries later the tree was cut down and the wood used to build a bridge over which the Queen of Sheba passed on her journey to meet King Solomon. So struck was she by the portent contained

in the timber of the bridge that she fell on her knees and reverenced it. On her visit to Solomon, she told him that a piece of wood from the bridge would bring about the replacement of God’s Covenant with the Jewish people, by a new order.

Solomon, fearing the eventual destruction of his people, had the timber buried. After fourteen generations, the wood taken from the bridge was fashioned into the Cross used to crucify Christ.

In that year (325) Helena, the mother of Constantine, then about 80 years old and having journeyed to Jerusalem, undertook to rid the Holy Sepulchre of the mound of earth heaped upon and around it and to destroy the pagan buildings that profaned its site. Some revelations which she had received gave her confidence that she would discover the Saviour’s Tomb and His Cross. The work was carried out diligently, with the co-operation of Bishop Macarius. The Jews had hidden the Cross in a ditch or well and covered it over with stones, so that the faithful might not come and venerate it. Only a chosen few among the Jews knew the exact spot where it had been hidden, and one of them, named Judas (not the betrayer), touched by Divine inspiration, pointed it out to the excavators, for which act he was highly praised by St. Helena. Afterwards, this Judas himself turned to Christ, became a Christian saint, and is honoured under the name of Cyriacus. One version of this story has it that he later became Bishop of Jerusalem. During the excavation three crosses were found, but because the title bar (INRI) was detached from the Cross of Christ, there were no obvious means of identifying it.

Following an inspiration from on high, Macarius caused the three crosses to be carried, one after the other, to the bedside of a worthy woman who was at the point of death. The touch of the other two was of no avail; but on touching that upon which Christ had died the woman suddenly got well again.

Consecration of a NewConclave - St Macarius No. 507

Words: Ill Kt John Fleetwood, PGPref, Divisional High Prelate Photo: Bob Tuthill

On Tuesday 27th July 2010 the Consecration of St. Macarius Conclave No. 507 took place with Ill.

Kt. David W Rea (pictured left) installed as the Most Puissant Sovereign. This

was a most splendid Consecration ceremony,

as we are sure anyone who attended will agree but just

who was St Macarius?


For a full report of theConsecration of St. Macarius Conclave N0. 507, details of

The Knights Petitioner and First Officers, the Assisting Officers and

photographs of the Consecration see the News section at:

www.redcrossofconstantine.co.uk >>continued on page 16

In the ritual of The Degree of Red Cross of Rome and Constantine mention is made of Emperor Heraclius in the twelve grand points that were commemorated during part of the opening. We are informed that ‘The Emperor Heraclius recovers for the Christians the cross of Christ, and carries it himself in his royal robes and pomp of state’. Then that ‘Heraclius divests himself of his robes of royalty, and, in pious humble state, carries the cross into the church on Mount Calvary’.

A more detailed explanation of the actions of Emperor Heraclius is given by Father Francis Xavier Weninger in ‘The Exaltation of the Holy Cross’ in 1876 as follows:

This festival was instituted in commemoration of the day on which the holy Cross of Christ, was, with great solemnities, brought back to Jerusalem. Chosroes, king of Persia, had invaded Syria with a powerful army, and had conquered Jerusalem, the capital. He caused the massacre of eighty thousand men, and also took many prisoners away with him, among whom was the Patriarch Zachary. But more painful than all this to the Christians was that he carried away the holy Cross of our Saviour, which, after great pains, had been discovered by the holy empress, St. Helena. The pagan king carried it with him to Persia, adorned it magnificently with pearls and precious stones, and placed it upon the top of his royal throne of pure gold.

Heraclius, the pious emperor, was greatly distressed at this misfortune and, as he had

not an army sufficiently large to

meet so powerful an enemy,

he made propositions for peace. Chosroes, inflated by many victories, refused at first to listen to the emperor’s proposal, but at length consented, on condition that Heraclius should forsake the faith of Christ and worship the Sun, the

god of the Persians. Indignant at so wicked a request, the emperor, seeing that it was a question of religion, concerning the honour of the Most High, broke off all negotiation with his impious enemy. Taking refuge in prayer, he assembled all the Christian soldiers of his dominions, and commanded all his subjects to appease the wrath of the Almighty, and ask for His assistance, by fasting, praying, giving alms and other good works. He himself gave them the example. After this, he went courageously, with his comparatively small army, to meet the haughty Chosroes, having given strict orders that his soldiers, besides abstaining from other vices, should avoid all plundering and blaspheming, that they might prove themselves worthy of the divine assistance.

Taking a crucifix in his hand, he animated his soldiers by pointing towards it, saying they should consider for whose honour they were fighting, and that there was nothing more glorious than to meet death for the honour of God and His holy religion. Thus strengthened, the Christian army marched against the enemy. Three times were they attacked by three divisions of the Persian army, each one led by an experienced general; and three times they repulsed the enemy, so that Chosroes himself had at last to flee. His eldest son, Siroes, whom he had excluded from the succession to the throne, seized the opportunity and not only assassinated his own father, but also his brother, Medarses, who had been chosen by Chosroes as his associate and successor. To secure the crown which he had thus forcibly seized, Siroes offered peace to Heraclius, restored to him the conquered provinces, and also sent back the holy Cross, the patriarch Zachary and all the other prisoners of war. Heraclius, in great

joy, hastened with the priceless wood to Jerusalem, to offer due thanks to the Almighty for the victory, and to restore the holy Cross, which the Persians had kept in their possession during fourteen years, to its former place.

All the inhabitants of the city, the clergy and laity, came to meet the pious emperor. The latter had resolved to carry the Cross to Mount Calvary, to the church fitted up for its reception. A solemn procession was formed, in which the Patriarch, the courtiers and an immense multitude of people took part. The clergy preceded, and the emperor, arrayed in sumptuous robes of state, carried the holy Cross upon his shoulder. Having thus passed through the city, they came to the gate that leads to Calvary, when suddenly the emperor stood still and could not move from the spot. At this miracle, all became frightened, not knowing what to think of it. Only to St. Zachary did God reveal the truth. Turning to the emperor the patriarch said “Christ was not arrayed in splendour when He bore His Cross through this gate. His brow was not adorned with a golden crown, but with one made of thorns. Perhaps, O emperor, your magnificent robe is the cause of your detention.”

The pious Heraclius humbly gave ear to the words of the patriarch, divested himself of his imperial purple, and put on poor apparel; he took the crown from his head and the shoes from his feet. Having done this, the sacred treasure was again laid on his shoulder: when, behold! nothing detained him, and he carried it to the place of its destination. The holy patriarch then deposited the Cross in its former place, and duly venerated it with all who were present. God manifested how much He was pleased with the honour they had paid to the holy Cross of Christ, by many miracles wrought on the same day. A dead man was restored to life by being touched by the sacred wood; four paralytic persons obtained the use of their limbs; fifteen who were blind received sight; many sick recovered their health; and several possessed were freed from the devil by devoutly touching it.

The EmperorHeraclius

Words: R.Ill.Kt. Roy Leavers, Intendant General


On Tuesday 2nd March 2010 the Constitution, Dedication and Consecration of Emperor Heraclius Conclave No. 505 took place. In front of the gatheredbrethren, Divisional Officers and honoured guests the ConstitutingSovereign opened the Conclave, was saluted and addressed the assembledKnights. The Charter was read and the Constituting Sovereign constituted theConclave. The Consecrating High Prelate delivered the Oration. The Consecrationconcluded with the Consecrating High Prelate offering Prayers and pronouncing the Blessing.For those unfortunate enough not to have attended a R.C.C. Consecration a very special ceremonywas missed. This article examines the connection Emperor Heraclius had with the Red Cross of Constantine.

This article has developed from a talk that I have given in Knights Templar Preceptories in Surrey. The different Crosses that are encountered in Knights Templar Preceptories have intrigued or interested me for some time. The Orders of the Holy Sepulchre and St John the Evangelist draw both The Knights Templar and the Red Cross of Constantine together and will be of interest to Worthy Knights. I hope my article, whilst referring to Crosses in the Knights Templar, will inspire a Worthy Knight to write an article about Crosses relating to the Red Cross of Constantine.

Christians believe that Jesus accepted crucifixion on a cross for the benefit of us all and consequently the cross symbol is used by two billion Christians all over the world. This has not always been the case however. Christians did not use the sign of the cross as their religious symbol until generations after Christ was crucified. Rather than being a Christian symbol it had associations with executioners, crucifixion being common. Initially Christians adopted the fish symbol (see below) to identify their religion. Then, early in the fourth century, when execution by crucifixion was abolished by the Emperor Constantine and the process to convert the Roman Empire to Christianity began, the cross became the emblem of Christians.

The first one is familiar to all in the Knights Templar as it is seen on the altar in Preceptories in the East. This is known as a Calvary or Stepped or Altar Cross.

Calvary Cross -This is basically a Latin Cross mounted on three steps. Calvaria (Latin), also known as Golgotha (Aramaic), is the name of a small mound outside

Jerusalem’s gate and means ‘the place of a skull’, partly because it was a place of intense suffering, and partly because of the skull-like appearance of the hillock. In this symbol, the three steps leading up to the cross represent the mound at Calvary or, more often, in descending order they represent Faith (the top step), based upon Hope (the middle step), based upon Love the bottom step.

Next we come to the Crucifix which is placed on the Sepulchre in the centre of our Preceptories.

Crucifix -A Crucifix is any cross with a superimposed figurine, usually representing a crucified Jesus. This figure is known as a Corpus and the cross in our case

is always a Latin Cross as in the previous Calvary Cross. This is to remind us all of Christ’s suffering on the cross.

Having looked at the Crosses which form part of the furniture of the Preceptory, let us consider the crosses we wear or carry. First amongst these is the Cross Pattée which is the cross of the Knight Templar Order which is worn on the mantle of a Knight Templar and in the jewel on his left breast.

Pattée Cross -The Cross Pattée or Cross Formée is the heraldic name of a common cross

style, especially in ‘medieval’ art. The term ‘Pattée’ simply means the cross has splayed arm ends. The arms may be straight or concave but in essence, they are narrow at the centre, and broader

at the perimeter. The name ‘Pattée’ comes from the French for ‘paw’ as the ends can be likened to an animals paw.

The St. John’s Cross which is in the form of the Cross Pattée but with equal legs, appears in various styles, from the

blunt with all straight edges which is the form known in the Knights Templar, to the curved with all edges concave.

Maltese Cross -The Maltese Cross is also a further form of the St John’s cross. It is sometimes called the Regeneration Cross because it

has eight points. In Christianity, because Christ rose from the grave eight days after entering Jerusalem, the number is

associated with the rebirth of Christ and also baptism; the spiritual rebirth of a person. The eight points on this cross also represent

the eight beatitudes.We’ve dealt with the cross worn

by Knights of the Order. Now what about that worn by Past Preceptors and everyone else with one exception? This is called The Patriarchal Cross and is also known as Archbishop’s Cross.

Cross PurposesWords: V Ill Kt Michael J Banbury, PGrand High Almoner


EditorialByzantium Times Issue 1

Editor:Bob Tuthill: 020 8659 [email protected]

Design & Artwork:Allsorts Design: 020 8659 [email protected]

Printing:Acanthus Press: 01823 [email protected]

Editorial Committee:The Editorial Committee is comprised of members of the Surrey Red Cross of Constantine divisional executive that may change from time to time. For a list of members, please refer your request to the District Recorder. The magazine is published on behalf of the District under instruction from the District Executive.

Legal Disclaimer:The views expressed herein are solely the views of the contributors and in no way constitute the views of The Editor or the Magazine nor should any such inference be drawn. If any person has a grievance with any article published within the magazine, in the first instance please contact the Editor of the Magazine directly.

Trade Marks:The trade marks and device logos represented in this magazine are the property of the various companies who own them. We acknowledge all trade marks and images of the respective owners.

Submissions:Any Knight is free to submit an article for inclusion in future issues of Byzantium Times. In the first instance please send copy saved in a Word document and any photographs/images saved as high resolution (300dpi) jepg files to the Editor at the email address above.

Patriarchal Cross -The Patriarchal Cross is a Latin Cross with an additional horizontal beam. There are several explanations for this ‘extra’ beam the most popular

of which says that it represents the plaque bearing Pontius Pilate’s inscription ‘Jesus the Nazorean, King of the Jews’. A further explanation is that the first

beam represents the death of Jesus Christ and the second beam His resurrection. This particular cross form was the arms of the Patriarch of Jerusalem, who

granted its use to the Knights Templar.The Duke of Lorraine, Godefroy de

Boullion, used this cross for his standard when he took part in the capture of Jerusalem. The cross was then passed on to his successors as heraldic arms and became known as the Cross of

Lorraine which is the version of the Patriarchal Cross that is used in the Knights Templar of which Godefroy de Boullion was the first head of the Order.

The Lorraine and Patriarchal crosses differ slightly, in that the Cross of Lorraine has two horizontal beams of equal length. The upper beam is as close to the top as the lower beam is to the bottom. The Patriarchal Cross is similar to the Latin cross with a smaller crossbeam above the main one. On this cross, both beams are usually near the top.

I said that there was one exception to those who have passed through the chair of their Preceptory who did not wear the Patriarchal Cross and that is the Grand Master. He wears a cross with three arms on it which is a variation of the Papal or Pastoral Cross carried by the Pope.

The Papal Cross -The three bars are said to represent either the three crosses on Calvary, alternatively Faith, Hope and Love or the most popular: the Trinity.

In Freemasonry, the version used is an earlier type of Papal Cross known as a Salem Cross. This is as the Patriarchal Cross but with an added, longer, bar in the middle. This is what is worn by the Grand Master. Salem means ‘peace’ and comes from the name of the city of Jerusalem. Like the Papal Cross, a cross with three bars signifies the ultimate rank of the wearer.

Editor: V Ill Kt Michael is the Provincial Prior for Surrey in the Great Priory of the United, Religious, Military and Masonic Orders of the Temple and of St John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta of England and Wales and its Provinces Overseas and we thank him for this very interesting and stimulating article.


cost me money in 2010, however this started my diving on the Mary Rose.

One of Henry VIII’s ‘great ships’, the Mary Rose was named after the king’s favourite sister Mary and the Tudor emblem the Rose. Typical of the larger sailing ships of the fleet with high castles at the bow and stern, she was one of the first ships with gun ports cut out along the side of the hull for the firing of heavy guns.

Mary Rose had a long career and was frequently in battle against the French. On 10 August 1512 she was part of an English force that attacked the French fleet at Brest. Mary Rose crippled the enemy flagship, bringing down her mast and causing 300 casualties. This was possibly the first battle in the Channel when ships fired their heavy guns through gun ports.

The sinking of the Mary Rose is the event for which the ship is best known. On 19 July 1545 Mary Rose was part of an English fleet that sailed out of Portsmouth to engage the French. She fired a broadside at the enemy and was turning to fire the other broadside when water flooded into her open gun ports and the ship suddenly capsized in full view of Henry VIII watching from the shore. It is not certain what caused Mary Rose to capsize; she was overloaded with extra soldiers and may have been caught by a gust of wind, which made the ship heel over. Later theories suggest the smaller French ships simply got in close and holed her... but needless to say she sunk!

The wreck of the Mary Rose was officially rediscovered in 1968 and before her recovery divers carried out much preparation work. On 11 October 1982 the hull was lifted off the seabed and placed on a cradle before being raised by a giant floating crane. It was then towed back into Portsmouth harbour from where the ship had left on her last fateful journey 437 years before. Today the Mary Rose is preserved in No.3 dock in Portsmouth which is currently under redevelopment.

The search for and discovery of the Mary Rose was a result of the dedication of that man, Mad Mac, the late Alexander McKee. In the next issue I will tell you how I became one of Mad Macs Marauders, the name given to the divers of the Mary Rose and my recollections of my first dive on that historic ship.

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Welcome to the brand new Surrey Red Cross of Constantine magazine, The Byzantium Times, the successor to the previously produced magazine - FUZ.

In the summer of 2010 our Intendant General, Rt. Illustrious Knight Roy Leavers approached me and my partnership team at Allsorts Design and asked if we could come up with a new idea and produce a magazine that would appeal to all members of the Masonic and Military Order of the Red Cross of Constantine in general and the Knights of the Surrey Conclaves in particular.

We had a fairly open brief and after many hours of brainstorming around the table and on the computer we finally came up with the name Byzantium Times and produced some

design ideas for approval by the executive officers.Why Byzantium? The reason for this was that the location of Byzantium attracted Roman

Emperor Constantine who, in 330 AD, refounded it as an imperial residence inspired by Rome itself. After his death the city was called Constantinople, although it is now known as Istanbul. Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, which is called the Byzantine Empire by modern historians. It was mainly a trading city due to its strategic location at the Black Sea’s only entrance and was the main commercial, cultural, diplomatic and progressive capital of the ancient world at that time and similarly we felt that the Byzantium Times would be an ideal name that would reflect the cultural, diplomatic and progressive views of today’s order of the Red Cross of Constantine.

Once the concept was approved our aim was to produce for you what we hope will be an informative and high quality publication that reflects the style of our website and not only present articles relevant to the Conclaves in Surrey but also articles of universal appeal and general interest to all. We hope to show to Masons who may be considering joining this wonderful order that it is not only one of Christian beliefs and historic appeal but an order that is forward thinking and has a modern approach to freemasonry as well.

It is hoped to eventually produce two issues a year, but this can only be achievable with your help worthy knights. Our order is very nearly 150 years old, therefore I would welcome articles about your Conclaves or in fact any article of general or historical interest that you wish to be considered for publication in future issues to progress the order forward and provide a documented archive for those who may be around in the next 150 years.

I hope you find this first issue interesting and please don’t be afraid to express your views on it. Remember it is your magazine and your opinion counts.

Yours in Faith, Unity and Zeal,

Bob TuthillEditor

A Word from your Editor

In December 2010 Stephen became the Recorder for the Division and Andrew became the Marshal. Both are very well known and popular members of the Division and throughout the many Masonic Orders worked in Surrey.

Stephen is an experienced Freemason who has built up a reputation of hard work, commitment and dedication. This is

Welcome to Officeto Stephen Ayresand Andrew Wareham

Annual Meeting of the DivisionThe Annual Meeting of the Division will be held on Saturday 30th April 2011 at Surbiton. This meeting will be a special meeting in our history as the Division comes of age this year. Twenty one years ago on Friday 28th September 1990 M Ill Kt Rev’d Canon Richard Tydeman, M.A., Grand Sovereign, Constituted the Division. The Annual Meeting will celebrate our first 21 years and it is hoped that as many of the Division as possible can be present. Full details of the meeting have already been sent to all. The Division will gladly accept your attendance and dining requests online via the email link to: [email protected]

Stephen Ayres Andrew Wareham

exemplified by the manner in which he so very ably discharged the duties of President of the Executive Committee, and then Grand Chancellor, in the Royal and Select Masters; Grand Director of Ceremonies in the Holy Royal Arch Knights Templar Priests; as well as being Provincial Grand Master for the Province of The City of London in the Royal Order of Scotland.

In our Order he is currently the Grand Sword Bearer. Additionally Stephen is Chairman of the Clerkenwell Masonic Centre in London.

Andrew is a highly experienced Freemason with a similar reputation to Stephen for hard work, dedication and commitment which belies his young age. He is a Past Deputy District Grand Prefect in the Allied Masonic Degrees and has held, or continues to hold, active Provincial Grand Rank in the Craft, Chapter, Mark, Royal and Select Masters, Order of the Secret Monitor and Royal Order of Scotland.

In very many Orders he is the Lodge (or equivalent) Director of Ceremonies. He has studied and learnt the various protocols that are demanded of a Director of Ceremonies to such a high standard that his advice is sought and wisely listened to. He is a ‘Natural’ Director of Ceremonies.

Both Stephen and Andrew have

undertaken crucial duties in the Division at the same time and their respective abilities complement each other. Stephen brings his vast knowledge and a wisdom that comes with many years of service, Andrew brings the vigour of youth and coupled with the easy style of command and leadership. They both hope it will forge a relationship that will be a defining moment in the history of the Division.


Lovelace was the eldest son of Peter King, 7th Baron King, and his wife Lady Hester Fortescue, granddaughter of George Grenville. The politician the Hon. Peter John Locke King was his younger brother. He succeeded in the barony in 1833. He was created Viscount Ockham and Earl of Lovelace in 1838, and appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Surrey in 1840, a post he held until his death.

On 25 November 1841, he was admitted a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1860, he adopted the additional surname of Noel. Lord Lovelace first married Augusta Ada Byron, the only legitimate daughter of poet George Byron, 6th Baron Byron. She is said to have been the first computer programmer. They had three children:

• Byron, styled Viscount Ockham, later 12th Baron Wentworth (1836-1862)• Lady Annabella, later 15th Baroness Wentworth (1837-1917)• Ralph Gordon, styled Viscount Ockham, later 2nd Earl of Lovelace (1839-1906)

After Ada Lovelace died in 1852, he married Jane Jenkins and they had one son, Lionel Fortescue King, later third Earl of Lovelace. Lord Lovelace died in December 1893, aged 88, and was succeeded in the earldom by his second but eldest surviving son Ralph.

Macdonald Conclave No 14To Be ReponedMacdonald Conclave No 14 was consecrated in Camberwell in 1869. In that year Camberwell was within the geographical boundaries of the County of Surrey and remained so until it was absorbed into the County of London in 1889. The venue for the consecration was the Head Quarters of the First Surrey

Rifle Volunteers in Camberwell. The Foundation Stone of the Head Quarters was laid by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Surrey, the Earl of Lovelace, on 27th December 1864.

Research shows that the First Surrey Rifle Volunteers were originally based at the Drill Ground at Hanover Park, Peckham. Due to the expansion of the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (which was routed through Hanover Park) the First Surrey Rifle Volunteers later moved to a site in Brunswick Road, Camberwell (now known as Flodden Road). Whilst those original buildings were demolished some time ago the site at Flodden Road, Camberwell is still the home of the Territorial Army.

Investigation by Grand Imperial

Conclave has confirmed that Macdonald Conclave was consecrated and met regularly, but was removed from the Roll in 1923. The Grand Sovereign has given permission for Macdonald Conclave No. 14 be Re-Constituted, Re-Dedicated and Reponed and then be part of the Division of Surrey. This ceremony, which will be the first such ceremony conducted by Grand Imperial Conclave will be on Wednesday 20th April 2011 at Surbiton.

Macdonald Conclave No 14 will become the fourteenth Conclave in the Division of Surrey. All members of the Division are invited to attend the Reponement ceremony. For details please contact the Divisional Recorder.

William King-Noel, 1st Earl of Lovelace (21 February 1805-29 December 1893), known as the Hon. William King until 1833 and as the Lord King from 1833 to 1838, was an English nobleman and scientist.

Army Cadet Force MusicOn Wednesday 27th October 2010, the residents of the Royal Masonic Benevolent Institute home in Chislehurst (Prince George Duke of Kent Court) were entertained by musical cadets from across the country. The cadets were taking part in a Massed Bands and Drums concentration at barracks in Shorncliffe near Folkestone, during the half term holiday. The Divisional Recorder, M P Kt Lt Col Mike Neville, National Training Officer for Cadet Force Music, coordinated the event with the support of WBro Chris Roberts, APGM for the Craft Province of West Kent.

Mike explained, “The senior cadets have to plan and deliver a small musical event as part of their BTEC qualification and I have found RMBI homes to be ideal locations. The residents have a good time and the cadets have a good venue. For the last three years we have given concerts at RMBI Shannon Court, but we were moved from Longmoor Camp in Hampshire for operational reasons, so I had to find the nearest home to Shorncliffe.

The residents and guests were treated to displays from the three branches of Army Music – the bugle section, the Corps of Drums and a band. The bugles played a number of fanfares, then blew the opening notes to the rousing Irish march ‘Killaloe’ and handed over to the Corps of Drums. Despite the cadets being drawn from the four quarters of the country, these were led by a local lad – Cadet Drum Major McInally from Orpington and included Colonel’s Neville’s son on flute. The Corps of Drums played a number of favourite quick marches, including ‘Great Escape’ and ‘British Grenadiers’.

The band then took over and played pieces from famous shows and included a war time sing-a-long with the residents

joining in with ‘Roll out the Barrel’, ‘The Quartermaster’s Stores’ and ‘We’ll Meet Again’. One of the girl cadets noted “It was lovely to see the old ladies having such a good time”.

WBro Chris said, “I would like to thank Colonel Neville and all the cadet musicians, who entertained the residents in a wonderful manner”.

The week was not over for the cadets. On Friday 29th October 2010 they played in a musical spectacular at the Fairfield Halls theatre in Croydon as part of the celebrations to mark 150 years of the Cadet Forces. This raised money for Help for Heroes – a charity supported by the Division of Surrey. The next cadet national music camp will be held at in the Easter school holidays at Altcar Camp in Merseyside, where the cadets have previously played for the residents of the RMBI Tithe Barn home.

New York MarathonConfucius said ‘A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step’ and Illustrious Knight Phil Clare of Bishop Eusebius Conclave would agree with this after completing the 2010 New York Marathon, raising funds for several charities. Phil explained:

“I have cycled from Lands End to John O’Groats for charity three times and felt I needed to do something different. I therefore seized the opportunity to run in the New York Marathon. My preparation wasn’t the best - I was following a 14-week programme, which involved moderate runs on weekdays, followed by a longer run each Sunday. I passed the 11-mile mark on my Sunday runs, but then I tore my calf muscle and this continued to be a problem - I hadn’t run for over a month before the marathon!”

Phil, however, refused to let this injury get in the way of his fund-raising exploits and still took part. His account of the event shows his determination and commitment to helping others:

“I am 19 stones and the same percentage of fat as a pork scratching! I was pleased with the first half; I covered it in 3 hours 1 minute and looked to be on course for my six hour target. Then the cramps set in and I could only run for about 200 yards at a time. As I passed the Queensboro Bridge (Where the world champion Haile Gebrselassie stopped & announced his retirement – ha-ha beat him!!!) the cramps were becoming too frequent and I was forced to run a block, stop and stretch and then walk a block. By mile 20 I just had to walk as I was in absolute agony. I think mile 22 took me a little over 30 minutes to complete, but there was no way I was ever stopping. I was running the event for a number of charities, but the foremost of these was Care of Police Survivors (COPS). I have lost two close friends at work (I’m a police Inspector with the Met) and I was doing this in their memory and would have crossed the line on hands and knees if need be. It came as a massive relief when I could see the finish line and crossed it some seven hours after I started”.

Right Illustrious Knight Roy Leavers, our Intendant-General said, “The Division of Surrey is very proud of Phil’s determined effort to raise money for a very deserving charity”.

All Worthy Knights should note that Phil’s marathon running career is far from over and he is in training for the London Marathon (April 2011) and Edinburgh (May 2011). You can follow Phil’s preparation on his blogsite:www.runporkscratch.blogspot.com

The Division stands in admiration and applauds the dedication and commitment of Mike and Phil.

Charitable causes supported byWorthy Knights in SurreyCharitable donations made by Worthy Knights in Surrey are quite remarkable when you consider the number of Worthy Knights in the Division and all the Masonic Charities that they support. Yet sometimes we forget he considerable amount of charitable work undertaken by many of our Worthy Knights outside of the Division of Surrey and indeed outside of Freemasonry. Many hours of effort, and hours of physical exertion, are given for causes because they care and wish to help those in need. They do not seek publicity for themselves but sometimes it is right and proper to give them the recognition that they deserve and in doing so help their charities. The Division is particularly proud of the efforts of Mike Neville and Phil Clare. Consistently and persistently over many years they have devoted many hours in the causes of Charity. The Division wishes to highlight some charitable events in which Mike and Phil were involved in:

The 1st Earl of Lovelaceand the MacDonald Conclave

Words: R.Ill.Kt. Roy Leavers, Intendant General

Macarius received a long letter from Constantine the Great (so called for his contributions to Christianity) with reference to the building of the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem:

“Such is our Saviour’s grace, that no power of language seems adequate to describe the wondrous circumstance to which I am about to refer. For, that the monument of his most holy Passion, so long ago buried beneath the ground, should have remained unknown for so long a series of years, until its reappearance to his servants now set free through the removal of him who was the common enemy of all, is a fact which truly surpasses all admiration.

“And as to the columns and marbles, whatever you shall judge, after actual inspection of the plan, to be especially precious and serviceable, be diligent to send information to us in writing, in order that whatever quantity or sort of materials we shall esteem from your letter to be needful, may be procured from every quarter, as required, for it is fitting that the most marvellous place in the world should be worthily decorated”.

The death of Macarius must have been before the Council of Tyre, in 335 at which his successor, Maximus, was apparently one of the bishops present.

The above text is reprinted from the Oration given by Ill Kt John Fleetwood, PGPref, Divisional High Prelate, at the Consecration of St Macarius Conclave No 507 at Surbiton on 27th July 2010.

Over the last few months our Website has been redesigned and this has greatly enhanced what

is arguably one of the best Masonic Websites. The Division owes a debt of gratitude to W Kt Bob Tuthill, Divisional Webmaster, who is ably assisted by Francis Donlevy and Wendy Lee at Allsorts Design. In addition to the redesign of the website it has been further enhanced with extra information and access to key Officers as follows:

● (a)To improve communicationsall Recorders in the Division have been allocated email addresses at redcrossofconstantine.co.uk. This further supplements the links already available for the Intendant-General, Deputy Intendant-General, Divisional Recorder, Divisional Treasurer, and the Divisional Webmaster.

● (b) The ‘Links’ page now containsdirect links to the Websites of Red Cross of Constantine Divisions in England and Wales and also a direct link to the Grand Imperial Conclave for the United States of America, Mexico and the Philippines. Should you know of further Websites please let the Divisional Recorder or Divisional Webmaster know, in order that we can seek permission to include the details on our website.

● (c) The Division of Surrey hasestablished a direct link to the Regalia Shop at Mark Masons Hall, 86 St James’s Street, London, SW1A 1PL. The Shop holds a comprehensive stock of regalia, Masonic jewels, and other everyday requirements for the following Orders:

• Red Cross of Constantine• Craft• Royal Arch

• Mark Master Mason• Royal Ark Mariner• Knight Masons• Knights Templar• Knights of Malta• Ancient and Accepted Rite• Royal and Select Masters• Allied Masonic Degrees• Order of the Secret Monitor• Scarlet Cord• Rosicrucian’s• Knights Templar Priests• Thomas of Acon• KBHC / CBCS• SMSA• Royal Order of Scotland

The majority of items shown on the website are in stock at Mark Masons Hall and will be dispatched the same day.

● (d) We have also established a directlink to the Shop at Lewis Masonic. The Shop holds a comprehensive stock of ritual for all Orders of Freemasonry together with Masonic Year Books, The Square magazine and many other Freemasonry related publications. Items shown on the website are usually in stock and will be dispatched the same day.

The Divisional Website welcomes contribution of material from all Worthy Knights within the Division. We would particularly welcome articles of any unusual activities of a Conclave; and of course activities outside of the Conclave such as charitable undertakings.

Photographs are most welcome. They may be film or digital and should be captioned completely as to the identity of the subjects of the photograph, its date, location, the activity it represents, etc. If the photos are digital, please send the digital file by e-mail to the Divisional Recorder or Divisional Webmaster:www.redcrossofconstantine.co.uk

16 Byzantium Times : Issue 1 Spring 2011

>> continued from page 7 The Red Cross of Constantine Division of Surrey Website

byzantium times issue 01

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