By:By:MUDJIATIMUDJIATI

DEPUTY MINISTER OF WOMEN PROTECTION DEPUTY MINISTER OF WOMEN PROTECTION

MINISTRY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND CHILD MINISTRY OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND CHILD PROTECTIONPROTECTION

THE PROTECTION AND EMPOWERMENT TO WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN SOCIAL CONFLICTS IN INDONESIA

• Population of Indonesia is ± 240 millions people distributed in ± 17.000 islands, from the largets to the smallest islands.

• Various tribes, religions, ethnic, and cultures in Indonesia directly or indirectly contribute positive efforts for the improvement of social welfares.

• On the other hand, the diversity can result in negative impacts to the national stability if there is an imbalance distribution of development, injustice, social and economic gaps, as well as the uncontrollable political dynamics.

• The geographical, demographical, sosiological, historical, structural, and ideological conditions of Indonesia have caused conflicts to happen and they can potetialy happen again, (open conflicts and post conflicts)

• To prevent threats to the stability and integrity of the country, a systematic and sustainable management for the occurence of conflicts should be implemented.

Dynamics of Conflicts and Violences in Indonesia

Year 2008-2010

A research by the “Institut Tititan Perdamaian” about the Dynamics of Conflicts and Violences in Indonesia Year 2008-2010 showed that :

- There were 4,021 occurences of conflicts or approximately 1.340 occurences annually or 3.6 occurences every day.

- The conflicst were classified into religion/ethnical conflicts, political conflicts, natural resource conflicts, economical resource conflicts, routine violences, and conflicts among officers. Examples, social conflicts in Ogan komering Ilir Sumatera Selatan ( related to land conflicts); and in Sampang - Madura East Java( related to religion conflicts).

Trends of Violence Conflicts January – November 2014

Data from the National Standard of Violence Monitoring about the trends of conflicts in Indonesia (January-November 2014) showed:

- The number of recorded violence conflicts was 6,807 occurences which caused 554 death; 8,054 injured and dan 1,312 houses and buildings destroyed.

- The highest number of conflicts happened in April 2014 with 674 occurences, but conflicts with the most number of victims were those happening August 2014 (74 death)

As a whole, the number of occurences dan deaths during the period derived from:

- Vigilantes (3,952 occurences with 282 deaths)- Resources (1,786 occurences with 132 deaths), and- Identities (767 occurences with 78 deaths)

Implementation and Problems in Handling Social Conflicts

Problems were found in handling the conflicts, especially in providing protection to women and chlidren as victims. Some of the problems were:

- Accurate data concerning the number of women and children during the conflicts was not available.

- The data were important for providing treatment for the women and children in conflict situations.

- The data were only available in sectors but they could not be quickly and widely acceseed.

- In every conflict area, women and children were the most vulnerable groups of victims. The conflicts included the gender based conflicts and conflicts for children of specific needs.

Causes of Conflicts

a. Problems related to politics and cultural social. b. Conflicts among and or within religion

followers, conflicts between tribes and ethnics. c. Conflicts of regional borderlines, in villages,

residential/towns, and or provincial. d. Conflicts of natural resources among

community and or between community and business people.

e. Imbalanced natural resources to the community.

Policies and Regulations related to Social Conflict Management

1. Regulation No. 7 year 2012 about to Social Conflict Management. 2. Presidential Regulation No. 18 year 2014. about the Protection and

Empowerment of Women and Children in Social Conflicts. 3. Regulation of The Ministry of Social Welfare No.7 year 2014. about

National Action Plan for the Protection and Empowerment of Women and Children in Social Conflicts.

4. Regulation of The Ministry of Social Welfare No.8 year 2014. about Working Group for the Protection and Empowerment of Women and Children in Social Conflicts

5. Decree of the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Children Protection No. 60 year 2014 about the Establishment of Working Group for the Protection and Empowerment of Women and Children in Social Conflicts.

6. Letter of the Ministry of Home Affairs Negeri No. 460/5131/PUM dated 29 December 2014. about the Establishment of Working Group for the Protection and Empowerment of Women and Children in Social Conflicts. Which was addressed to all Governors, Residents, Majors to implemet the Regional Avtion Plan.

Conflict Management SystemIn addition to the partial regulations, such as the

Presidential Instructions, Presidential Decree, and Presidential Regulations, the current developed conflict management syatems were more directed to militaristic and repressive approaches.

Efforts have been implemented based on the existing regulations, including the establishment of new regulation (Regulation No.7/2012 about Conflict Management System).

Based on that new regulation, there were 3 strategies for managing conflict:

a. Prevention.b. Handling.c. Post Conflict Treatment.

Strategies for Conflict Management System(Regulation No.7/2012)

a. Prevention Regulation about the policy and strategy for the development which is sensitive ton conflicts and its preventional efforts. b. Handling Framework for the regulation of social conflict management activities during the conflicts including the definition of violence and efforts to minimize victims (people and goods). c. Post Conflict Treatment Stipulations related to actions of conflicts/legal acts, recovery activities, reintegration, and rehabilitation.

Principles of Conflict Management

Conflict Management reflect the following principles :1. Humanity 7. Sustainability of Local

Wisdom

2. Human Rights

3. Kinship 8. Responsibility of the Nation

4. Diversity 9. Participative

5. Gender Equality 10. Unbiased

6. Dicipline and Determination of law

11. Non discriminative

Objectives of Social Conflict Management

Objectives of Social Conflict Management are as follows:To maintain peaceful and harmonious social relationship;To improve tolerance among the society and within the country; To maintain the sustainability of governmental functions’To protect lives, properties, and public facilities and infrastructures; To protect and fulfil all rights of the victims; To recover physical and mental condition of the society.

Stages in Social Conflict ManagementThe Social Conflict Management is implemented in 3 stages:a.Prevention. This is done among other things through the maintenace of peaceful condition within the society, improvement of peaceful solution, alleviation of conflict potentials, and establishment of early warning system. b.Handling. This is done through the creation of efforts to stop physical violence, determination of conflict status, emergency actions to save and protect victims, and or mobilization or military forces to stop conflicts. c.Post Conflict Treatment. Central and Local Governments are obliged to provide well planned, integrated, sustainable, and measured recovery actions after the conflicts which are manifested through reconciliation, rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts. The Regulation No.7/2012 also declares the participation of the society and funding of conflict treatment.

Protection to Women and Children in the Conflicts

a. Prevention: to avoid women and children from being affected by the impacts of the conflicts.

b. Provision of Services, given to : - women and children suffered by the conflicts. - women and children suffered by the violences.c. Other services:- provide special protection- Provide specific basic needs required by women

and children due to the conflicts. - Improve facilities needed by women and

children.

Empowerment of Women and Children in Conflicts

Empowerment of Women in Conflicts include:a.Improve live resilience; b.Improve economica activities; and c.Improve the participation of women as developers, preventors and negotiators of peace.

The Empowerment of Children in conflicts is implemented through education and justice among genders which are attempted to broaden their understanding for not conducting violences.

Mission of Peace• As a member of the international society, Indonesia will

continually contribute efforts to create international peace and security.

• Indonesia has established a Centre of the Maintenance of Mission of Peace (CMMP) to train and prepare personnel, including women, for being involved in conflict treatments.

• The CMMP has integrated the perspective of gender in its module and curriculum of Pre Development Training which is in conformity with the UN recommendation no 1325 about Women, Peace, and Security.

• In the future, Indonesia has targetted to involve 4000 personnel as peace keepers in various missions of peace.

• Indonesia has also actively participated in various woman acts to alleviate all types of conflicts including sexual harahment, which are among other things implemented through the parenting sexual violence Inisiative (PSVI).

Actions Implemented by the Goverment and Society

In addition to the establishement of the CMMP, the Indonesian Goverment through its ministry of Women Empowerment and Chidren Proctection held trainings to Integrated Service Units of Women Empowerment and Children Protection in eligible conflict areas for the treatment before and after conflicts

Actively participate in alleviating violences including sexual harashment. Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN) held schools named Women for Peace. Emerging the values of peace in families were given to children 0f 7-18 years of age in Bogor through libraries and in Jakarta through Save Houses.

The Minstry of Defence provided Management Crisis as well asa resolution and reconciliation of conflicts in various universities. Tranings were also implemented by Lembaga Pertahanan Nasional (Lemhanas/National Defence Board, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Politics, Law, and Security.

N-Peace network provides trainings about women, peace, and security in various regions.

Domestics Conflicts in IndonesiaIndonesia has undergone inter ethnichs/groups tenses,

commonly kmown as social conflicts, which resulted significant number of victims.

As stipulated in the Regulation No.7/2012, social conflict is defined as “Physical violence fights and or clashes among two or more groups of society which happen in a certain period of time and widely affect the social insecurity and disintegration so that resulting in the national disability and destruct ing the national development”.

Indonesia has committed to apply required actions to minimize discrimination upon violences to women.

Although still becoming vulnerable victims of social conflicsts, Indonesian women were involved civil acts during the reconciliation and negotiation process of peace. For example, Indonesian women were involved as negotiators in Malino Agreement in POSO year 1999 and 2002, and in Helsinki Agreement in Aceh year 2005 (1-3 women).

After the conflicts, a number of women organisations keep supervising the realization of the content of the agreements, this included a gender advocation program and the preparation of regional rule of the Aceh Government.

Gender Equality in Conflict ManagementGender Equality is defined as an equal condition of men and women in obtaining their opportunities and rights as human beings to participate in political, legal, economic, socio cultural and educational activities so that they can gain equal benefits and can equally and fairly participate in the development.

Peace comprises the main requirement to obtain the equality of gender and sustainable development. Various conflicts happening in one part of the world create a condusive situation for human right and humanity harashment.

As marginalized group of society in peaceful condition, women and children are vulnerable for the violences even if they are not directly involved in the violences. In some cases, the number of women and children victims is more than that or men.

In additon, the majority of refugees in internaly displaced persons (IDP’s) are women, teenagers, and children. Women in general have tasks to nurse the victims of conflicts, and in families where men are the victims of conflicts, women become leaders of their families.

Protection and Empowerment of Women and Children in Social Conflicts (P3AKS)

(Regulation No.18/2014)

Goals: to protect, respect, and assure the rights of women and children in conflicts.

Implemented by Central dan Local Governments.

Local Governments should consider the condition and situation of the problems dan how to handle the conflicts.

Definition of Protection and Empowerment of Women and Children in Conflicts

Protection to women and children comprises an effort to avoid and handle them from all forms of violences and human rights harashment and to provide basic and specific needs as an integral part of conflict management activitiy. Empowerment of women and children comprises an efforts to strengthen human rights, improve the quality of live, and to increase the participation of women and children in the development of peace. A child is defined as a person belom 18 years of age incuding the unborn baby. Violence to women is defined as every action which is done due to the discrimination of sexes and causes physical, sexual, mental, and phychological suffers. Including in the violence to women are intimidation, and certain actions which cause women to loose their freedom and to be avoided from receiving benefits from their rights and freedom.

Commitee and CoordinationTo provide an effective protection to women and children as weel as to empower them, an Nationa Action Plan of P3AKS is prapared.

A Central Coordination Team is founded to implement the Plan. The team comprises the followings:

Chairman : Coordination Ministry of Human and Cultural Development.

Vice to Chairman : Coordination Ministry of Politics, Legal, and Security.

Steering Chairman : Ministry of Women Empowerment and Children Protection

-Members : 17 Ministeries/Institutions including a. Ministry of Home Affairs b. Mininstry of Religion c. Ministry of law and Human rights d. Ministry of Education e. Police Head Quarter.

Women and Children Rights in Conflicts

Women and Children Rights in the Conflicts have the following rights:

- Right to give opinion as agents of peace. - Right to get education.- Right for self improvement.- Right to receive health service.- Right for equal amenity and benefits to obtain

equality and justice.

Paticipation of Community

The community can take part in the management of conflict.

The participation can include funding, techinical asistance, provison of minimum need for victims, and or physical and ideas assistance.

Challenges and Recommendation

Greater attention should be given to effort for deleting impunity to the actors of social conflicts.

Effort to delete the impunity shall not only be directed to full reconciliation and fair solution to the vitcims, but also to establish deterrence so as to prevent the reoccurence of such conflicts and the impunity to the actors.

Thank You