byju’s classes: 9980837187€¦ · dhaula, alipur, harichandpur and taj nagar from gurgaon...

Mock Test-3 (GS) BYJU’s Classes: 9980837187

1 Ans D Topic: Current Affairs - Culture Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: The Indian Government decided to develop Bodhgaya as the site of spiritual capital to serve as a civilizational bond between India and the Buddhist world. Mahabodhi Temple, located in Bodhgaya, was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2002. Swadesh Darshan Scheme: Under it, 13 thematic circuits have been identified for development, namely North-East India Circuit, Buddhist Circuit, Himalayan Circuit, Coastal Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert Circuit, Tribal Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit and Heritage Circuit 2 Ans A Topic: Current Affairs - Culture Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: The park covers 25 percent of Sikkim and exhibits one of the wildest altitudinal ranges of any protected area in the world. The park also has few Lepcha tribal settlements. Lepcha is an indigenous tribal community of Sikkim 3 Ans C Topic: Current Affairs - Culture Level: Medium Type: Factual

Explanation: Sajibu cheiraoba festival is celebrated in Manipur. It is the New Year of the Manipuris and is celebrated on the first day of the Manipuri month, Sajibu, which falls in the month of March or April. The occasion is marked by praying to Meitei Gods by offering flowers, fruits and dishes, traditional family feasting after which they climb nearby hillocks in the afternoon 4 Ans B Topic: Current Affairs - IR Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: The International Court of Justice (commonly referred to as the World Court, ICJ or The Hague is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations (UN). Seated in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, the court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly. 5 Ans C Topic: Current Affairs - Culture Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: Ugadi is celebrated as New Year’s Day in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The name Ugadi is derived from the name “Yuga Adi”, which means ‘the beginning of a new age’. It is celebrated on the first day of the Hindu month Chaitra, which marks the onset of spring. Gudi Padwa is celebrated as New Year’s Day in Maharashtra. It is celebrated on the same day as Ugadi i.e., the first day of the month Chaitra. Lord Brahma is worshipped on this day and the gudi, Brahma’s flag (also called Brahmadhvaj), is hoisted in every house as a symbolic representation of Rama’s victory over Ravana Vishu is celebrated as New Year’s Day in Kerala. It is celebrated on the first day of the Malayalam month of Medam (mid-April on the Gregorian calendar) 6 Ans B Topic: Current Affairs - Culture


Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: Festival of Ramman based on the story of ‘Ramayana’ in Uttarakhand having Narshingh Devta ‘God’ at the front of the tableau. The festival has been declared World Heritage in 2009 by UNESCO. 7 Ans A Topic- Physical Geography / World Physical Geography Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: Igneous to Metamorphic Granite - Gneiss, Mica - Schist, Gabbro - Serpentine. Sedimentary to Metamorphic Limestone – Marble, Sandstone – Quartzite, Shale – Schist, Coal – Graphite, Bituminous coal - Anthracite coal 8 Ans B Topic- Physical Geography / World Physical Geography Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: Red sanders are a tree of south India, and found in deciduous forest of India 9 Ans C Topic- Physical Geography / World Physical Geography Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Conceptual Explanation:

Horse latitudes’ are sub-tropical high pressure belts which extends 30 and 38 degrees latitudes in both the hemispheres 10 Ans D Topic- Physical Geography / World Physical Geography Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Factual 11 Ans C Topic- Physical Geography / World Physical Geography Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Conceptual 12 Ans A Topic- Physical Geography / World Physical Geography Difficulty level-Moderate Type-Conceptual 13 Ans B Difficulty: Moderate Topic: Infrastructure Explanation: The objective of the SEZ Act and SEZ policy is to create infrastructure for manufacturing as well as services and to promote export. It also promotes FDI in these areas. 14 Ans B Difficulty: Moderate Topic: Banking Explanation: Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 and is engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition at shares/stock/bonds/debentures/ securities issued by government or local authority or other securities of marketable nature, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit business. NBFCs are finance companies but not banks and are thus


not allowed to function as bank but to take deposits in other forms like fixed deposits. They are not allowed to open savings bank accounts and are not members of the clearing houses. 15 Ans B Difficulty: Moderate Topic: Agriculture Explanation: The target is to increase production of rice, wheat and pulses by 10, 8 and 2 million tonnes respectively 16 Ans C Topic- Economic Geography Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: Uranium deposits occur in the Dharwar rocks. Geographically, uranium ores are known to occur in several locations along the Singbhum Copper belt. It is also found in Udaipur, Alwarand Jhunjhunu districts of Rajasthan, Durg district of Chhattisgarh, Bhandara district of Maharashtra andKullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Thorium is mainly obtained from monazite in the beach sands along the coast of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. World‘s richest monazite deposits occur in Palakkad and Kollam districts of Kerala, near Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and Mahanadi river delta in Odisha 17 Ans B Topic- Economic Geography Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation:

Mixed Farming is a type of farming in which cultivation of crops and rising of livestock go hand in hand. Both these activities play an important part in the economy. Mixed cropping is a practice of growing two or more crops together on the same field in the same season. Growing of different crops in succession on the same field from season to season to maintain soil fertility is known as crop rotation 18 Ans A Topic- Economic Geography Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: Human activities which generate income are known as economic activities. Economic activities are broadly grouped into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary activities. Primary activities are directly dependent on environment as these refer to utilisation of earth‘s resources such as land, water, vegetation, building materials and minerals. It thus includes hunting and gathering, pastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying. Secondary activities add value to natural resources by transforming raw materials into valuable products. Secondary activities, therefore, are concerned with manufacturing, processing and construction infrastructure industries 19 Ans A Topic- Human Geography Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation:

Rural settlements takes different shapes like linear, rectangular ,circular, star and T-shaped on the basis of external influence like river, road etc

Circular pattern of settlement develops around lakes and tanks, whereas, Linear pattern develops around river canal edge or railway line

Rectangular pattern is developed around plain area or inter montane valleys. The roads are rectangular and cut each other at right angles.

Star Pattern: It is developed at the point of convergence of several roads 20 Ans D


Topic- Economic Geography Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: Kazakisthan is the largest producer of Uranium in the world .The Chu-Sarysu basin in central Kazakhstan alone accounts for over half of the country‘s known uranium resources 21 Ans D Topic: Current Affairs – Govt schemes Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: ‘ShaGun’ is a web-portal for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan launched by Minister of Human Resource Development. It aims at continuous monitoring of the flagship scheme - Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and assesses performance of States and UTs on key parameters through codifying learning outcomes. State government will choose, upload and manage their own content 22 Ans D Topic: Current Affairs – Govt Schemes Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: President Pranab Mukherjee had inaugurated a smart model village pilot project at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The five villages which will be developed into the smart villages under this pilot project are Dhaula, Alipur, Harichandpur and Taj Nagar from Gurgaon district and Rojka Meo from Mewat district of Haryana.

A smart gram would have the required basic physical and social infrastructure with a layer of smart information and communication embedded in the infrastructure to improve governance and delivery of services, livelihood and economic opportunities 23 Ans B Topic: Current Affairs - Tribes Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: Nyishis are the most populous tribe of Arunachal Pradesh numbering around 3 lakhs. The Nyishi support themselves with a slash-and-burn agriculture and with hunting and fishing. The most unique feature of the Nyishis is the cane helmet with the beak of the Great Indian Hornbilll worn by the males 24 Ans D Topic: Current Affairs - Health Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: Measles is a deadly disease and one of the important causes of death in children. It is highly contagious and spreads through coughing and sneezing of an infected person. Measles can make a child vulnerable to life threatening complications such as pneumonia, diarrhoea and brain infection. Globally, in 2015, measles killed an estimated 1, 34,200 children—mostly under-5 years. In India, it killed an estimated 49,200 children. Rubella is generally a mild infection, but has serious consequences if infection occurs in pregnant women, causing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which is a cause of public health concern. CRS is characterized by congenital anomalies in the foetus and new-borns affecting the eyes (glaucoma, cataract), ears (hearing loss), brain (microcephaly, mental retardation) and heart defects, causing a huge socio-economic burden on the families in particular and society in general. 25 Ans B Topic: Current Affairs - IR Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation:


Second edition of the joint exercise between the Indian and Oman Armies commenced today with the Opening Ceremony at Bakloh, Himachal Pradesh. The aim of this exercise is to acquaint both forces with each other’s operating procedures, improve the interoperability in conducting joint operations in the backdrop of counter insurgency/ counter terrorism environment as also to enhance the existing military relationship between the Indian Army and the Royal Army of Oman 26 Ans C Topic: Environment Type: Factual Difficult: Medium Explanation: While the Basel Convention will discuss the control of trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, the Rotterdam Convention will deliberate on the prior informed consent procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade” and the Stockholm Convention is on persistent organic pollutants (POPs)”. The most important matters to be deliberated during COPs include - listing of chemicals under Rotterdam and Stockholm Convention may have an impact on industrial growth. The inclusion of chemicals under Rotterdam Convention does not ban the chemical. However, importing countries need to follow the PIC procedure. Listing of hazardous chemicals may lead to an increase in the trade cost, as well as delay the import/export process. Listing of chemicals under Stockholm convention bans/restrict the chemicals for trade, import, export and use along with minimizes unintentional release of POPs. Basel Convention: The Convention also covers hazardous wastes that are explosive, flammable, poisonous, infectious, corrosive, toxic, or eco-toxic. The Convention aims towards restricting trans boundary movements of hazardous wastes and its disposal with environmentally sound management (ESM). The Basel Convention was adopted in 1989 and entered into force on May 5, 1992. India ratified the Convention in June 24,

1992. Rotterdam Convention The Rotterdam Convention is a multilateral environmental agreement which prescribes obligations on the importers and exporters of certain hazardous chemicals. Parties are empowered to make informed decisions about the chemicals they wish to import. The Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure is the mechanism for formally obtaining and disseminating the decisions of importing Parties, as to whether they wish to receive future shipments of those chemicals listed in Annex III of the Convention and for ensuring compliance with these decisions by exporting Parties. The Convention was adopted on September 10, 1998 and entered into force on February 24, 2004. India ratified the Convention on May 24, 2005. Stockholm Convention The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from a class of chemicals known as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). These remain intact in the environment for long periods (persistent), become widely distributed geographically (long range transport), accumulate in the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife (bioaccumulation), and have a harmful impact on human health, or on environment (toxic) The Convention was adopted on May 22, 2001 and entered into force on May 17, 2004. India ratified the Convention on January 13, 2006 27 Ans B Topic: Environment Type: Factual Difficulty Level: Easy Explanation: The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) is a statutory body established under the provisions of the Biological Diversity Act (2002). NBA performs facilitative and advisory functions for the Government of India on issues of conservation, sustainable use of biological resources and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of biological resources 28 Ans D Topic: Environment Type: Factual


Difficulty Level: Easy Explanation: National Biodiversity Congress 2017 The National Biodiversity Congress (NBC) 2017 was held in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The event was hosted by the Kerala State Biodiversity Board. It aims to identify practical, evidence-based case studies at regional level to support the plan of action. 2017 theme “Mainstreaming Biodiversity for Sustainable Development Members of academic and research institutions, civil society, biodiversity management committees, NGOs, farmers and students participated in the event 29 Ans C Topic: Environment Type: Factual Difficulty Level: Easy Explanation: The Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. The Indian government has established 18 Biosphere Reserves in India,(categories roughly corresponding to IUCN Category V Protected areas), which protect larger areas of natural habitat (than a National Park or Animal Sanctuary), and often include one or more National Parks and/or preserves, along with buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. Protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life. Animals are protected and saved here. Ten of the eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list 30 Ans D Topic: Environment Type: Factual

Difficulty Level: Medium Explanation: India is signatory to Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). India is also a signatory to many international convention and treaties viz. Ramsar Convention, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), Convention on Migratory Species (CMS 31 Ans A Topic: Environment Type: Factual Difficulty Level: Medium Explanation: Smooth-coated otter was sighted for the first time in the mangrove forest adjacent to the Krishna wildlife sanctuary (KWS) in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. The presence of the otter is a key indicator for rise of the mangrove cover in the Krishna wildlife sanctuary. The species is found in most of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Otter is a carnivorous mammal. Otters are social and hunt in groups. The otter lives in rivers, lakes, peat swamp forests, mangroves and estuaries. It uses swamps as natal den sites and nursery during the breeding season in early winter. It has been categorised ‘vulnerable’ in the red data book of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It is listed on CITES Appendix II. Smooth-coated otters are protected in India under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 32 Ans D Topic: Environment Type: Factual Difficulty Level: Medium Explanation: A fishing cat was sighted in the moderately dense mangroves surrounding of the Gilalakalandi harbour near Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The fishing cat is a medium-sized wild cat of South and Southeast Asia. Since 2016, it is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and is protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. Fishing cats live foremost in the vicinity of wetlands, along rivers, streams, oxbow lakes, in swamps and mangroves. The fishing cat is the state animal of West Bengal


33 Ans B Topic: Judiciary Level: Difficult Type: Factual Explanation: Jurisdiction of Supreme Court is greater than its predecessor because it replaced the British Privy Council and also the Federal court which was established under the Government of India Act 1935. Indian constitution has established an integrated system of judiciary unlike the American double system of courts. 34 Ans C Topic: Judiciary Level: Difficult Type: Factual Explanation: Part V of the constitution (Article 124-147) deals with the functioning, powers, responsibility and so on of the Supreme Court of India alone. Parliament is the authority to regulate the provisions in Part V of the constitution 35 Ans B Topic: Judiciary Level: Moderate Type: Factual Explanation: President can appoint a judge of Supreme Court (alone) as the Acting Chief Justice of India 36 Ans B

Topic: Ancient History – Indus Valley Type: Factual Level: Easy Explanation: One of the best known artefacts from the Indus Valley is this approximately four-inch-high copper figure of a dancing girl is found in Mohenjodaro. This exquisite casting depicts a girl whose long hair istied in a bun. Bangles cover her left arm, a bracelet and an amulet or bangle adorns her right arm, and a cowry shell necklace is seen around her neck. Her right hand is on her hip and her left hand is clasped in a traditional Indian dance gesture. She has large eyes and flat nose. This figure is full of expression and bodily vigour and conveys a lot of information 37 Ans C Topic: Ancient History- Art Forms Type: Factual Level: Easy Explanation: The first century CE onwards, Gandhara (now in Pakistan), Mathura in northern India and Vengi in Andhra Pradesh emerged as important centres of art production. Buddha in the symbolic form got a human form in Mathura and Gandhara. The sculptural tradition in Gandhara had the confluence of Bactria, Parthia and the local Gandhara tradition. The local sculptural tradition at Mathura became so strong that the tradition spread to other parts of northern India. The best example in this regard is the stupa sculptures found at Sanghol in the Punjab. The Buddha image at Mathura is modelled on the lines of earlier Yaksha images whereas in Gandhara it has Hellenistic features 38 Ans A Topic: Ancient History - Architecture Type: Factual Level: Easy Explanation: Ellora is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple caves complexes in the world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Maharashtra, India. The site presents monuments and artwork of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism from the 600-1000 CE period. The site presents monuments and artwork of Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism.


Cave 16 of Ellora features the largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailasha temple, a chariot shaped monument dedicated to Shiva. The Kailasha temple excavation also presents the gods, goddesses and mythologies found in Vaishnavism, Shaktism and relief panels summarizing the two major Hindu Epics. The IndraSabha (Cave 32) is a two storeyed cave with a monolithic shrine in its court.The IndraSabha Jain temple is historically significant as it contains evidence of active worship inside by the Jain community, in the form of layered deposits and textual records. Most famous of the Buddhist caves is Cave 10, a worship hall called the 'Vishvakarma cave' (literally the cave of one who accomplishes everything, or the architect of the gods) 39 Ans A Topic: Ancient History Type: Factual Level: Medium Explanation: Kanishka embraced Buddhism in the early part of his reign. However, his coins exhibit the images of not only Buddha but also Greek and Hindu gods. It reflects the Kanishka’s toleration towards other religions. In the age of Kanishka the Mahayana Buddhism came into vogue. It is different in many respects from the religion taught by the Buddha and propagated by Asoka. The Buddha came to be worshipped with flowers, garments, perfumes and lamps. Thus image worship and rituals developed in Mahayana Buddhism. He patronised Buddhist scholars like Vasumitra, Asvagosha and Nagarjuna. He also convened the Fourth Buddhist Council to discuss matters relating to Buddhist theology and doctrine. It was held at the Kundalavana monastery near Srinagarin Kashmir under the president ship of Vasumitra. About 500 monksattended the Council. The Council prepared an authoritative commentary on the Tripitakas and the Mahayana doctrine was given final shape. Asvagosha was a great philosopher, poet and dramatist. He was the author of Buddhacharita. Nagarjuna from south India adorned the court of Kanishka. The

famous physician of ancient India Charaka was also patronized by him 40 Ans B Topic: Ancient History - Maurya Type: Factual Level: Medium Explanation: The inscriptions of Asoka were first deciphered by James Princep in 1837. They are written in Pali language and in someplaces Prakrit was used. The Brahmi script was employed for writing. In the northwestern India Asokan inscriptions were found in Karosht iscript. There are fourteen Major Rock Edicts. The two Kalinga Edicts are found in the newly conquered territory. The major pillar Edicts were erected in important cities. There are minor Rock Edict sand minor pillar Edicts. These Edicts of Asoka deal with Asoka’s Dhamma and also instructions given to his officials. The XIII Rock Edict gives details about his war with Kalinga. The Pillar Edict VII gives a summary of his efforts to promote the Dhamma within his kingdom. Thus the Asokan inscriptions remain valuable sources forthe study of Asoka and the Mauryan Empire 41 Ans C Topic: Current Affairs - IR Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project is a project that will connect the seaport of Kolkata with Sittwe seaport in Myanmar by sea. It will then link Sittwe seaport to Lashio in Myanmar via Kaladan river boat route and then from Lashio on to Mizoram in India by road transport 42 Ans D Topic: Current Affairs - IR Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: The Wassenaar Arrangement is a multilateral export control regime (MECR) with 41 participating states. Objective: Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies.


The Australia Group is an informal group of countries (now joined by the European Commission) established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984) to help member countries to identify those exports which need to be controlled so as not to contribute to the spread of chemical and biological weapons 43 Ans C Topic: Current Affairs - IR Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: The East Asia Summit is the premier leaders-led forum in the Asia-Pacific. Since its inception in 2005, it has played a significant role in the strategic, geopolitical and economic evolution of East Asia. Apart from the 10 ASEAN Member states, East Asia Summit includes India, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Australia, New Zealand, United States and Russia. India, being a founding member of the East Asia Summit, is committed to strengthening the East Asia Summit and making it more effective for dealing with contemporary challenges 44 Ans A Topic: Current Affairs - IR Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: The Manila, Philippines-based Asian Development Bank (ADB) serves as the Secretariat for the SASEC member countries. The South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) Program, set up in 2001, brings together Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka in a project-based partnership to promote regional prosperity by improving cross-border connectivity, boosting trade among member

countries, and strengthening regional economic cooperation 45 Ans A Topic: Current Affairs – Govt Schemes Level: Medium Type: Factual Explanation: The Government of India in the Ministry of Women and Child Development is implementing a centrally sponsored scheme namely, Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY),Conditional Maternity Benefit (CMB) for pregnant and lactating women to improve their health and nutrition status to better enabling environment by providing cash incentives to pregnant and nursing mothers. It is being implemented using the platform of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme. Currently, the beneficiaries are paid Rs.6000/ in two instalments through bank accounts or post office accounts. The first instalment is given in third trimester i.e. seven to nine months of pregnancy and the Second instalment is given six months after delivery on fulfilling specific conditions. All Government/PSUs (Central & State) employees are excluded from the scheme as they are entitled for paid maternity leave 46 Ans C Topic: Ancient History - Literature Type: Factual Level: Medium Explanation: Rajatarangini (Rājataraṃgiṇī, "The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE.[1] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas ("waves"). The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers 47 Ans D Topic: Ancient History - Architecture Type: Factual


Level: Medium Explanation: The shrines of the early temples were of three kinds— (i) sandhara type (without pradikshinapatha), (ii) nirandhara type (with pradakshinapatha), and (iii) sarvatobhadra (which can be accessed from all sides). 48 Ans C Topic- Economic Geography Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation:

Land holdings are very small due to the high density of population. Farmers work with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land.

Use of machinery is limited and most of the agricultural operations are done by manual labour. Farm yard manure is used to maintain the fertility of the soil. In this type of agriculture, the yield

per unit area is high but per labour productivity is low 49 Ans B Topic- DPSP Difficulty level- Moderate Type- Factual Explanation: Directives addressed to state are also found outside Part IV in articles such as Art. 350A, 351, 335. Since Art.355 states that it shall be duty of union to ensure that the government of every state is carried in accordance with the provisions of the constitution, hence it becomes duty of Union to see that every state takes steps for implementing the directives, therefore refusal to comply with such directions become

ground under Art. 365 50 Ans D Topic- Preamble Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Conceptual Explanation: The 'Preamble' of the Constitution of India sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document, and it indicates the source from which the document which derives its authority i.e. the 'People'. The hopes and aspirations of the people as well as the ideals before our nation are described in the Preamble in clear cut word 51 Ans D Topic: Indian freedom struggle Level: moderate Type: Factual 52 Ans C Topic: History- socio-religious movements Level: moderate Type: Factual Explanation: Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th and the last of the Sikh Gurus, was a warrior, a saint, a philosopher and a poet. He was the son of the 9th Guru, Tegh Bahadur. After becoming Guru at the tender age of 9 years, he devoted all his life to mankind, losing his 4 sons to wars. You will not find a life that is more sacrificial than Guru Gobind Singh's. He founded the Sikh warrior clan called Khalsa, introduced the five Ks (the five items that Sikhs are meant to carry at all times) and formalised the Guru Grant Sahib as the Holy text of the Sikhs 53 Ans A Topic: History-socio-religious movements Level: Difficult Type: Factual Explanation:


It was in the gardens of the Theosophical Society that the idea of the Women's Indian Association (WIA) came to be in 1917 Founded, by women's rights activists such as Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, Dr Muthulakshmi Reddy, Sister Subbalaskmi and Sarojini Naidu. In the early 20th century, WIA battled against the social evils - which ranged from a lack of education of girls, child marriage, and the denial of voting rights. The WIA took an active part in the political movements of the time. In 1917, for instance, when Besant was arrested and interned, branches of the WIA took active part in obtaining her release. The WIA also published a monthly journal in English named 'Stri-Dharma', which was edited by freedom fighter Muthulakshmi Reddy 54 Ans D Topic: History- socio-religious movements Level: Easy Type: Factual 55 Ans C Topic: Judiciary Level: Difficult Type: Factual Explanation: Both the statements are true. 56 Ans C Topic: Judiciary Level: Moderate Type: Factual Explanation:

Constitution declares Delhi as the seat of the Supreme Court and also authorizes the CJI to appoint other place or places as seat of Supreme Court 57 Ans B Topic: Judiciary Level: Difficult Type: Factual Explanation: Supreme Court of India is the guarantor and defender of the fundamental rights of the citizens Supreme Court has original writ jurisdiction but not exclusive because when the fundamental rights of a citizen are violated, the aggrieved party has the option of moving either high court or the Supreme Court 58 Ans D Topic: Judiciary Level: Difficult Type: Factual Explanation: President alone is given the authority to seek the opinion of the Supreme court (Advisory Jurisdiction). Supreme court “must” tender its opinion when president seeks but the opinion tendered is only advisory and not a judicial pronouncement 59 Ans D Topic: Judiciary Level: Moderate Type: Factual Explanation: Supreme Court has the judicial superintendence and control over all the courts and tribunals functioning within its territorial jurisdiction 60 Ans C Topic: Judiciary Level: Difficult Type: Factual Explanation:


The procedure relating to the removal of a judge of the Supreme Court is regulated by the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968, by the process of impeachment. There are two grounds for removal - proved misbehaviour or incapacity. A judge of the Supreme Court can be removed from his office by an order of the President. The President can issue the removal order after an address by the Parliament, supported by a special majority of each House of Parliament (that is, a majority of the total membership of that House and a majority of not less than two thirds of the members of that house present and voting), has been presented to the President in the same session of Parliament for such a removal. The step-wise process is: 1. A removal motion signed by 100 members (in case of Lok Sabha) or 50 members (in case of Rajya Sabha) is to be given to the Speaker/Chairman. (The removal motion can be introduced in any of the two Houses of Parliament). 2. The Speaker/Chairman may admit and reject the motion. 3. If it is admitted, then the Speaker/Chairman is to constitute a three-member committee to investigate into the charges. The Committee should consist of the Chief Justice or a judge of the Supreme Court, a chief justice of a high court and a distinguished jurist. 4. If the committee finds the judge to be guilty of the charges (misbehaviour or incapacity), the House in which the motion was introduced, can take up the consideration of the motion. 5. Once, the House in which removal motion was introduced passes it with special majority, it goes to the second House which also has to pass it with special majority. 6. After the motion is passed by each House of the Parliament by special majority, an address is presented to the President for removal of the judge. 7. Finally, the President passes an order removing the judge. So far, no judge of the Supreme Court has been impeached. The only case where an impeachment motion was initiated and the Inquiry Committee found the judge guilty, was of Justice V Ramaswami of the

Supreme Court (1991-1993). But, this motion was defeated in the Lok Sabha 61 Ans A Topic: Judiciary Level: Difficult Type: Factual Explanation: Gram Sabha is the foundation of the panchayat raj system. The act is not applicable to Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and other areas. Those include 1. Scheduled areas and the tribal areas 2. Hill area of Manipur 3. Darjeeling district of West Bengal 62 Ans B Topic- Marine Ecosystem Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Conceptual Explanation:

Neustons: Unattached organisms which live at air-water interface such as floating plants etc. Periphytons: There are organisms which remain attached to stems and leaves of rooted plants or

substances emerging above the bottom mud such as sessile algae. Planktons: These are free floating species with limited powers of locomotion. This group includes

microscopic plants like algae phytoplankton and animals like crustaceans and protozoans zooplankton..

Nektons: This group includes animals which are swimmers. The animals range in size from the swimming insects to the largest animals, blue whale.

Benthos: These are found living in the bottom of the water mass 63 Ans C Topic- Ecology and Ecosystem Difficulty level- Difficult Type-Conceptual Class 4th CBSE


Ecocline: A gradation from one ecosystem to another when there is no sharp boundary between the two. It is a gradual, continuous change in the species composition between two ecosystems or communities of organisms across an environmental gradient

Ecotone: An ecotone is a transition area between two biomes. It is where two communities meet and integrate. It may be narrow or wide, and it may be local the zone between a field and forest. or regional the transition between forest and grassland ecosystems..

Ecotype: In evolutionary ecology, an ecotype, sometimes called ecospecies, describes a genetically distinct geographic variety, population or race within a species, which is adapted to specific environmental conditions. They typically show morphological differences.

An ecological niche is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces. A species' niche includes all of its interactions with the biotic and abiotic factors of its environment. No two species have identical niches 64 Ans D Topic- Pollution Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Conceptual Explanation: Bio magnification refers to increase in concentration of a toxin at successive trophic levels. The toxin gets accumulated in the body of an organism and is passed on to the next level. Example: DDT and other heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, etc. Bioaccumulation is the process by which certain toxic substances such as heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls accumulate and keep on accumulating in living organisms, posing a threat to health, life, and to the environment 65 Ans B

Topic- Conservation Efforts Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and other mercury containing lamp brought under the purview of rules. Deposit Refund Scheme has been introduced as an additional economic instrument wherein the producer charges an additional amount as a deposit at the time of sale of the electrical and electronic equipment and returns it to the consumer along with interest when the end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment is returned. Provision for Pan India EPR Authorization by CPCB has been introduced replacing the state wise EPR authorization. Collection and channelization of e-waste in Extended Producer Responsibility - Authorisation shall be in line with the targets prescribed in Schedule III of the Rules 66 Ans C Topic- Ecosystem Difficulty level- Easy Type-Factual Explanation: Abiotic components of an ecosystem are all of the non-living things in an ecosystem. Abiotic factors come in all types and can vary among different ecosystems. For example, abiotic factors found in aquatic systems may be things like water, pH, sunlight, turbidity amount of water cloudiness. Salinity salt concentration available nutrients nitrogen, phosphorous, etc.., and dissolved oxygen amount of oxygen dissolved in the water.. Abiotic variables found in terrestrial ecosystems can include things like rain, wind, temperature, altitude, soil, pollution, nutrients, pH, types of soil, and sunlight. Energy and Gravityare also abiotic components. However, decomposers are living beings and they are part of the biotic component of the ecosystem 67 Ans A Topic- Marine Ecosystem Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: Cold-water corals extend to deeper, darker parts of the oceans than tropical corals, ranging from near the surface to the abyss, beyond 2,000 metres where water temperatures may be as cold as 4 °C. They


inhabit deep water, not shallow water. Like tropical corals, they provide habitat to other species, but deep-water corals do not require zooxanthellae to survive United Nations Environment Programme reports that there are more cold water coral reefs worldwide than tropical reefs. Their extent is much larger than their tropical counterpart. Some, as the various individual lreefs stretching from Norway as far south as West Africa, are when combined far bigger than more famous tropical ones such as Australia‟s Great Barrier Reef 68 Ans B Topic- Conservation Difficulty level- Easy Type-Factual Explanation: Earth Hour is a worldwide movement for the planet organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature WWF.. The event is held worldwide annually encouraging individuals, communities, households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights for one hour, from 8:30 to 9:30 p.m. towards the end of March, as a symbol for their commitment to the planet 69 Ans C Topic: Buddhism Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Explanation: The concept of Nirvana was originally explained by Lord Buddha (566-486 BC). The word ‘Nirvana’ comes from the root meaning ‘to blow out’ and refers to the extinguishing of the fires of greed, hatred, and delusion. When these emotional and psychological defilements are destroyed by wisdom, the mind becomes free, radiant, and joyful and he who has realized the Truth (Nirvana) is the happiest being in the world. He is free from all complexes and obsessions. He does not repent the past nor does he brood over

the future. He lives fully in present. He appreciates and enjoys things in life in the purest sense without self-projections. He is free from the thirst of becoming and the illusion of self. Buddism explain Nivrana as a state of bliss or peace 70 Ans B Topic: IVC Level: moderate Type: Factual Explanation: Indus valley people did not possess great palaces and temples rather the civilization was noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system and multi-storeyed houses. Indus valley people were peace loving. They were never engaged in any war. However speculations have been rife that some tectonic forces destroyed the civilization. Some historians are of the view that invasion of Aryans, sea level changes, earthquakes might have brought the civilization to its end therefore people employing horse drawn chariots in warfare is not true. Moreover, Indus valley seals show swastika, animals which is suggestive of their religious beliefs. In view of large number of figurines found in Indus valley, some scholars believe they worshipped mother goddess symbolizing fertility. They worshipped a father God who might be a progenitor of the race and was a probably a prototype of Siva as the Lord of the Animals 71 Ans D Topic; Jainism Level: moderate Type: Conceptual Explanation: The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended 72 Ans B Topic: Mauryan dynasty Level: moderate Type: Factual Explanation:


The Barbara rock cut caves are the oldest rock cut caves. They were originally made for the Ajivikas during the Mauryan period (322-185 BCE). The Ellora caves were built between 5th century and 10th century. There were 34 caves out of which 12 were Buddhist caves, 17 were Hindu caves and 5 were Jain caves 73 Ans B Topic: Ancient India Level: Easy Type: Factual 74 Ans B Topic: Economy Type: Factual Level: Medium Explantion: Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) is a tax avoidance strategy used by multinational companies, wherein profits are shifted from jurisdictions that have high taxes (such as the United States and many Western European countries) to jurisdictions that have low (or no) taxes (so-called tax havens). 75 Ans A Topic: Current Affair Level: Moderate Explanation: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) or monkey fever: Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever endemic to South Asia. The disease is caused by a virus the disease was first reported from Kyasanur Forest of Karnataka in India in March 1957. The disease first manifested as an epizootic (a

disease event in a nonhuman animal population) outbreak among monkeys killing several of them in the year 1957. Hence the disease is also locally known as Monkey Disease or Monkey Fever Reservoir hosts for the disease: porcupines, rats, squirrels, mice and shrews. The vector for disease transmission is Haemaphysalis spinigera, a forest tick. Humans contract infection from the bite of the tick 76 Ans C Topic- Biodiversity Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Conceptual Explanation: The 'Aichi Target' was adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity CBD at its Nagoya conference. The 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets Aichi Targets., which is included in the Strategic Plan, is organized under five Strategic Goals, and provides coherent guidance on how to achieve it.

Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society

Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use Strategic Goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and

genetic diversity Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge

management and capacity building 77 Ans D Topic- EIA Difficulty level- Easy Type-Factual Explanation: Environmental impact assessment EIA has the following advantages:

It provides better understanding of the impacts of a project. It identifies the issues that are contentious and helps in resolving those issues. It ensures cooperation of the local people and transparency for the implementation of the project. It helps in identifying alternative sites, designs etc.


It reduces disputes and confrontation. It creates a sense of local ownership among the people residing in and around the project area

78 Ans D Topic- Pollution Difficulty level- Difficult Type-Factual Explanation: Microbeads are plastic pieces or fibre measuring less than 5 mm. They are used in personal care products and are made of polyethylene PE., but can also be made of polypropylene PP., polyethylene terephthalate PET., polymethyl methacrylate PMMA and nylon. They are widely used in cosmetics as exfoliating agents and in personal care products such as toothpaste, as well as in biomedical research. Research studies have also shown its presence in table salt. They are so small that a person can barely feel them. Their roundness and particle size create a ball-bearing effect in creams and lotions resulting in a silky texture and spread ability 79 Ans B Topic- Terrestrial Ecosystem Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: The Main Ozone-Depleting Substances ODS.

Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs. Halons brominated fluorocarbons. Methyl Chloroform Carbon Tetrachloride Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs.

HFC are not ozone depleting but are potent greenhouse gases 80 Ans B Topic- Terrestrial Ecosystem Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation: Tropospheric Ozone is a Greenhouse gas whereas Stratospheric Ozone is not a Greenhouse gas Water vapour traps radiation coming from land and thus increases temperature in the atmosphere therefore it is a GHG. Hydro-flouro Carbon and Methane are GHGs 81 Ans C Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Nuclear Technology Explanation: Concerns over safety and proliferation are important than energy security and the cost of electricity. Eg: loss incurred to lives and property during Fukushima Mishap. 82 Ans B Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Nuclear Technology Explanation: About MTCR: The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime. It is an informal and voluntary partnership among 35 countries to prevent the proliferation of missile and unmanned aerial vehicle technology capable of carrying above 500 kg payload for more than 300 km. About Hague Code of Conduct: The International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, also known as the Hague Code of Conduct (HCOC), was established on 25 November 2002 as an arrangement to prevent the proliferation of ballistic missiles 83 Ans A


Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Nuclear Technology Explanation: Four states—India, Israel, Pakistan, and South Sudan—have never signed the treaty. India and Pakistan have publicly disclosed their nuclear weapon programs, and Israel has a long-standing policy of deliberate ambiguity with regards to its nuclear program 84 Ans A Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Nuclear Technology 85 Ans D Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Nuclear Technology Explanation: The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. 86 Ans A Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Biotechnology

87 Ans C Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Bio- Technology Explanation: The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that DNA makes RNA makes proteins The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation 88 Ans D Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Bio- Technology Explanation: The International HapMap Project was an organization that aimed to develop a haplotype map (HapMap) of the human genome, to describe the common patterns of human genetic variation. Hap Map is used to find genetic variants affecting health, disease and responses to drugs and environmental factors 89 Ans C Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Bio- Technology Explanation: The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint. 90 Ans D Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Bio- Technology Explanation:


The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint. The 1000 Genomes Project (abbreviated as 1KGP), launched in January 2008, was an international research effort to establish by far the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation. Scientists planned to sequence the genomes of at least one thousand anonymous participants from a number of different ethnic groups within the following three years, using newly developed technologies which were faster and less expensive The International HapMap Project was an organization that aimed to develop a haplotype map (Hap Map) of the human genome, to describe the common patterns of human genetic variation. Hap Map is used to find genetic variants affecting health, disease and responses to drugs and environmental factors 91 Ans D Type: Factual Level” Moderate Topic: Bio- Technology Explanation: The specific goals of the HGP are to:

Identify all the estimated 80,000 genes in the human DNA, Determine the sequences of the 3 billion DNA chemical bases. Store this information in databases, Develop tools for data analysis, and Address the possible ethical, legal, and social issues

Applications:

Mapping Strategies Sequencing Strategies

Identification of human genes and their functions Understanding polygenic disorders Improvements in gene therapy Improved diagnosis of diseases Understanding complex social traits Genetic basis of psychiatric disorders

92 Ans D Topic: Indian Economy-Inflation Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Explanation: Extremely high rates of inflation are generally associated with high rates of money growth. It is often the result of financing large deficits by printing money 93 Ans B Topic: Economy-Money supply Level: moderate Type: Factual 94 Ans C Topic: Basics of economy Level: moderate Type: Conceptual A country’s economic growth is reflected through capital formation, which in turn encourages private enterprises in enhancing the growth of a country’s economy 95 Ans C Topic; Indian geography Level: Easy Type: conceptual 96 Ans C Topic: Indian geography


Level: Easy Type: Factual 97 Ans C Topic: Environment and ecology Level: Easy Type: Factual 98 Ans D Topic: Current Affairs Level: Easy Type: Factual Explanation: Denotified Tribes (DNTs), also known as Vimukta Jati, are the tribes that were originally listed under the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, as "Criminal Tribes" and "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offences." 99 Ans C Topic: World Geography Level: Difficult Type: Factual 100 Ans C Topic- Biodiversity Conservation Difficulty level- Moderate Type-Factual Explanation:

The Zoological Survey of India ZSI., a subordinate organization of the Ministry of Environment and Forests was established in 1916 as a national centre for faunistic survey and exploration of the resources leading to the advancement of knowledge on the exceptionally rich faunal diversity of the country. It has not been established under any act. Hence, it is not a statutory body. Its activities include:

Study of the fauna of states Fauna of conservation areas Fauna of important ecosystems Status survey of endangered species Fauna of India and Ecological Studies & Environmental impact assessments.

One of its primary objectives is: Preparation of Red Data Book, Fauna of India and Fauna of States. ZSI undertakes Environmental Impact Assessment EIA with special reference to ecology and wildlife, and provides necessary services to assess possible impact and also on mitigating measures

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