AFGHANISTAN SINCE 2001

By Shehak Awan

Outline

War Affect on the people

SocietyRefugees and CasualtiesHealthEducationEconomyPolitics

War Since 2001 October 7, 2001 – bombing of Afghanistan

commences Early December 2001 – conclusion with fall of

Kandahar By 2002- Bush administration shifts to Iraq 2005 – Taliban is making come back 2007-08 – Pakistan’s western border becomes an

issue Role of President Obama and President Asif Ali

Zardari Current – shift from searching paramilitaries to local

communities

Society

Various tribal groups throughout Afghanistan contend to rivalries

Rule of law, development and aid efforts Restrained due to regional commanders, illegal

drug trade, and continuing Taliban Insurgency

Society

Refugees

Since 2001 many have fled to nearby camps, mainly Pakistan

Highest rate was in 2002, about 2 million Almost a third of the country is directly

affected by insurgent activity This area is classified as an, “extreme

risk, hostile environment” with respect to foreign aid agencies trying to conduct relief work

Casualties Thirty-nine percent

increase in casualties since 2007

Includes civilian and military casualties caused by military, pro government forces, and air strikes

Health

Average life expectancy = 43-44Compared to the U.S. ….

1 in 5 children die before age of 5 Lack of safe drinking water Dependency on food aid due to disease,

malnutrition, and poverty

Health

File:Life Expectancy 2009 Estimates CIA World Factbook

Pink = 80+ Purple = 77.5-80 Neon Blue = 70-72.5 Green = 67.5-70 Yellow = 60-65 Maroon = 40-45

Education Major increase in education since 2001

and fall of Taliban Girls make up 35% of school population Increase attendance to school leads to

pressure on the system for teachers

Education

Negative reception of schooling by insurgents

Specifically schools for girls have come under attack

This year alone – 16 bomb attacks Threatening letters to schools

Economy

Recovery of about 12% a year, but remains one of the poorest countries, regardless

¾ of Afghan population is comprised of farmers an nomads – only 12% of the land is arable

Trade with economic partners has helped rebuild the infrastructure on Afghanistan – Pakistan, Iran, China

Economy

Situation leads to drug trade – Opium

Politics

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan January 2004 – new constitution Hamid Karzai won the first

elections in 2004 Next parliamentary elections are

due for 2010

Sources http://www.avapress.com/vdca.0nek49n0wgt14.html?

PHPSESSID=29032b640d9165604704df9e4a0eb704 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7741767.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/1162108.stm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_

%282001%E2%80%93present%29 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

rankorder/2102rank.html http://www.freeworldacademy.com/globalleader/

afghanistan.htm http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/afghanistan/

afghanistan-from-insurgency-to-insurrection