AOI HUMAN INGENUITY! FINDING AND USING

METALSBy: Said Fayoumy

IntroductionWhat I will be talking about: I will be talking about the relationship between the

reactivity of a metal and when it was discovered, what the order of the most reactive to the least reactive metals are.

Questions: Is their a relationship between the reactivity of a metal

and when it was discovered? What are the order of the most reactive to the least

reactive metals? When were the Metals discovered and what were their

uses.

Most Of The Elements In The Periodic Table Are Metal (Green) And (Purple)

What Mankind Has Figured Out Today we know that the majority of

elements in the periodic table are metals, 86 out of the 112 elements are metals (reactive and non-reactive)

The first metals to be discovered were gold, copper and silver

The 12 Metals From Least To Most Reactive Found before 19th Century

Platinum Gold Aluminum Silver Magnesium Copper Calcium

Sodium Lead Potassium Iron Zinc

Reactivity Series

Order of most reactive to least reactive metals.

Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminum

Zinc Iron Lead

Copper Silver Gold

These metals were extracted from their ores until the 19th century (the century of the invention of electricity)

These metals were extracted from their ores 2000 years ago, although Iron and Lead were discovered earlier than zinc, they were discovered just after Gold, Copper and SilverThese metals were extracted from their ores first, because they are not reactive at all, especially gold and silver, you can find them lying on the floor. Although they are extremely rare.

What We Already Know

The more reactive the metals are the harder it is to extract, the less reactive the easier it is to extract. Least reactive metals were found before most reactive metals.

Reactive and Non Reactive Metals Extracting From Their Ore Metals that are very reactive are hard to

extract from their ores. Such as potassium and magnesium are hard to extract from their ores because they need special process. Metals that are not reactive are easier to extract from their ores, such as Gold, Iron, Silver, Copper and Lead, Gold and Silver can be found on the ground or in rivers, although it is really rare to be found. However this could be found a lot in some countries.

Dates Of When These Metals Were Found (From Least To Most Reactive Metals

(1) Gold (Au) Known to the ancients (2) Silver (Ag) Known to the ancients (3) Copper (Cu) Known to the ancients (4) Lead, (Pb) 3500BC (5) Iron (Fe) 1500BC (6) Zinc (Zn) 1746 (7) Aluminum (Al) 1825 (8) Magnesium (Mg) 1808 (9) Calcium (Ca) 1808 (10) Sodium (Na) 1807 (11) Potassium (K) 1807

Dates Of When These Metals Were Found (From Least To Most Reactive Metals

Their Uses And Who Discovered It

Gold (Au) : Uses electronics, jewelry, coins, Discovered by: Unknown Silver (Ag): Uses jewelry, photography, electrical conductor, Discovered by:

Unknown Copper (Cu): Uses electrical conductor, jewelry, coins, plumbing, Discovered

by: Unknown Lead (Pb): Uses solder and shielding against radiation, batteries, Discovered

by : Known to the ancients Iron (Fe): Uses steel, hemoglobin (carries oxygen in blood), Discovered by:

Known to the ancients Zinc (Zn): Uses metal coating, rust protection, brass, bronze, nickel,

Discovered by: Andreas Marggraf Aluminum (Al): Uses airplanes, soda cans, Discovered by: Hans Christian

Oersted Magnesium (Mg): Uses airplanes, missiles, Discovered by: Sir Humphrey

Davy Calcium: (Ca): Uses life forms for bones and shells, Discovered by: Sir

Humphrey Davy Sodium (Na): Uses medicine, agriculture, Discovered by: Sir Humphrey Davy Potassium (K): Uses glass, soap, Discovered by: Sir Humphrey Davy

Facts about Copper Before the 19th century only 24 of these metals

had been discovered and, of these 24 metals, 12 were discovered in the 18th century. Therefore from the discovery of the first metals - gold and copper until the end of the 17th century, some 7700 years only 12 metals were known. Four of these metals, arsenic, antimony , zinc and bismuth were discovered in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries while platinum was discovered in the 16th century. The other seven metals known as the Metals of Antiquity (old metals) were the metals upon which civilization was based on the civilizations essential metal.

Electrolysis Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium,

Aluminum and Sodium couldn't be cut of from their compounds because they need a much harder process of separation named Electrolysis. Therefore these metals were discovered when electricity was invented which was in the 19th century. I think because these metals are really reactive and hard its too dangerous to separate them (as I have explained in the fourth slide)

Conclusion After reading my slide show you would know

that, if a metal is really reactive it would become really hard to extract. Although over the years people figured out solutions that include using tools/items to make extracting a really reactive metal from its ore easy to do. However As the reactivity of the metal increases the harder it is for mankind. As the years move on the more experience people have which is why people discover more reactive metals. This is all a part of developing in science.

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