by: mr. cegielski -...
TRANSCRIPT
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By: Mr. Cegielski
Essential Qs:
1) How did the geography of Japan
impact its culture.
2) How did Feudalism in Japan
compare/contrast with Europe’s?
3) Describe Samurai culture and
values.
4) Why did the Tokugawa Shogunate
isolate itself from European foreigners
and how did European contact bring
about change?
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Nippon -- “Land of the Rising Sun”
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Japan and the United States
Japan’s Regions
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Japan’s Prefectures
Japan’s Topography
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BodiesofWater Sea of
Japan
Ishikari R.
Pacific Ocean
Inland Sea
Tone R.
Shinano R.
Kitani Mts.
Kitakami Mts.
Mt. Fuji
MountainsAndPeaks
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Plains
Kanto Plain
Nobi Plain
Ishikari Plain
Osaka Plain
Islands
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikuku
Kyushu
Okinawa
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Countries
RussiaChina
N. Korea
S. Korea
Cities Sappor
o
Hiroshima
Kobe Tokyo
Nagasaki
Kyoto
YokohamaNagoya
Osaka
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FinalMap
Sea of Japan
Ishikari R.
Pacific Ocean
Inland Sea
Tone R.
Shinano R.
Kitani Mts.
Kitakami Mts.
Mt. Fuji
Kanto Plain
Nobi PlainOsaka
Plain
Ishikari Plain
Hokkaido
Honshu
Shikuku
Kyushu
Okinawa
RussiaChina
N. Korea
S. Korea
Sapporo
Hiroshima
Kobe Tokyo
Nagasaki
Kyoto
YokohamaNagoya
Osaka
Fast Travel Throughout Japan
Shinkansen:Bullet Train
Bullet Train National Lines
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Very Mountainous: Little Arable Land
Hells Lake Pool in Beppu
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Mt. Fuji
Swift-Moving Rivers: Hydroelectric Power
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Japan’s Land Area and Utilization
Japan by Satellite
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Mt. Aso -- Active Volcano
Shiranesan Caldera
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Global Tectonic PlatesJapan -- On the “Fire Rimof the Pacific”
Japan’s Sub-Oceanic Trenches
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Japanese Earthquakes: 1961-1994
Ginza Ruins After The Great Kanto Earthquake -- Tokyo, 1923
Over 100,000 dead!
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Kobe Earthquake -- January 17, 1995
► 7.2 Richter scale
► 5,500
Kobe Earthquake -- January 17, 1995
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Tsunamis – Tidal Waves
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Japan and the United States
Japan’s Oceanic Currents
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Average Monthly Precipitation in Three Cities
Precipitation
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Average January Temperature
Average July Temperature
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Different Climates and Seasons in Japan
Fall Winter
Spring Summer
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Igawa Town on the Izumo Plain
Rice Farmer’s Farmhouse:Okutsu Town, Okayama Prefecture
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Terrace Farming of Rice
The Japanese Farm the Sea
TokyoFish Market
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Natural Resources
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Raw Materials
World Contributions to Global Warming
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Japan’s Population Density
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Japan’s Population Trends
Population Comparisons
61126
1,250
7 40
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
Population in Millions
Thailand
Japan
China
Hong Kong
Singapore
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Japan’s Population Over 65 versus the United States
Japan’s Growing Older
Japan’s Age Breakdown
Under 15 years 15.8%
15 – 59 years 63.3%
60 and over years
20.9%
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SAYONARA
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By: Mr. Cegielski
Yamato Period: 300-710
“Great Kings” era
Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture:
Confucianism. Language (kanji characters). Buddhist sects. Chinese art & architecture. Government structure.
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Prince Shotoku: 573-621
Adopted Chineseculture and Confucianism.
Buddhist sectsallowed to develop.
Created a new governmentstructure:
17 Article Constitutionin 604.
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Heian Period: 794-1156Characteristics: Growth of large landed estates. Arts & literature of China
flourished. Elaborate court life [highly refined] ETIQUETTE.
Personal diaries The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon [10c]
Great novel The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki
Shikibu [1000 pgs.+] Moving away from Chinese models in
religion, the arts, and government.
Heian Period:Cultural Borrowing
1.Chinese writing.
2.Chinese artistic styles.
3.Buddhism [in the form of ZEN].
4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system!
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Heian Court Dress
The Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)
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The Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)
Tale of Genji (first novel)
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Tale of Genji Scroll(first novel)
Lady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.
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Minamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
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Feudal Society
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!
FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Japan:
Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
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Code of Bushido
* Fidelity
* Politeness
* Virility
* Simplicity
Seppuku: Ritual Suicide
Kaishaku – his “seconds”
It is honorable to die in this way.
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Full Samurai Attire
Samurai Sword
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Early Mounted Samurai Warriors
Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
A COTTON BREECH CLOUTthat extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume
A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)
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BILLOWING PANTALOONS,worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement
STURDY SHINGUARDSof cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front
AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14th Century imperial prince
Samurai Charging
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Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”
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FeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Europe:
King
Lord Lord
Knight Knight Knight
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Fief
Land - Fief
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
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Code of Chivalry
* Justice
* Loyalty
* Defense
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility
European knight Samurai Warrior
vs.
Medieval Warriors
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Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor
vs.
Medieval Warriors
Zen Buddhism
A Japanese variation of theMahayana formof Buddhism,which came fromIndia throughChina.
It reinforced theBushido values ofmental and self-discipline.
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Mongol“Invasions”
of Japan
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them.
Video: “Way of the Samurai”
• Pay attention!!! Several Samurai assignments follow!
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Samurai Assignments:
• COMPLETE THE
FOLLOWING:
– 1) “A Japanese Story: The
Samurai and the Tea Master.”
– 2) “BUSHIDO: THE WAY OF
THE WARRIOR”
– 3) “Samurai Wisdom”
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Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573
► Shoguns--a military rank and
historical title for Hereditary Commanders
in Chief of the Armed Forces of Japan--fought for power.
Laws are unclear.
Less efficient than the Kamakura.
Armies of samurai protectedthe country.
C
A
S
T
L
E
S
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Osaka Castle
Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle
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Caernorfon Castle, Wales
Warwick Castle, England
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R
O
E
N
S
The Age of the Warring States:(“Sengoku Jidai Period” 1467 - 1568)
Castles built on hills in different provinces.
Power shifts from above tobelow.
Europeans arrive in Japan bringing firearms & Christianity.
Christianity & foreign tradeflourish.
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Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)
Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.
Catholic Jesuits in Japan
St. Francis Xavier[First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)
Becomes suspiciousof European territorial ambitions.
Orders all Europeanmissionaries expelled
from Japan.
Tries to invade Korea, but fails.
First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in Nagasaki
Today
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Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)
Appointed shogun by the Emperor.
Four-class system laid down withmarriage restrictedto members of the
same class!
Warriors.
Farmers.
Artisans.
Merchants.
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Tokugawa Shogunate (Edo) Period
Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese]. The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.
The government is centralized with allpower in the hands of the shogun.
Domestic trade flourishes. Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.
Merchant class becomes rich! New art forms haiku poetry, kabuki
theater.
Video: “Japan’s Secret Empire”
• This 2-Part documentary looks at Japan during the Sengoku Jidai,
Edo period up to the beginning of the Meiji era. ASSIGNMENT
FOLLOWING VIDEO: Complete the worksheet “Isolationism in
Japan: the Tokugawa Shogunate”