By Liv Incardona and Lloyd Chatfield

CRUSADES (1ST-3RD)

WHAT ARE THE CRUSADES?• Arose in Europe to restore Christianity (in the Middle East mostly)

• Crosses worn on shield for God

MOTIVATIONS OF THE CRUSADERS• Religious

– Promoting Christ• Political

– Seljuk Turks 1071– Byzantines reached out for Western help– Holy War promoted by Pope

• Social – Thousand of knights looking for opportunity– Peasants

• Economic– Italian merchants– Angered by Seljuk expansion

URBAN II (CA. 1035 – 29 JULY 1099)• Pope • Reason for Crusade success• Turned evils of Western Christians towards Eastern Muslims• Spoke at Clermont November 18, 1095. • Masses accepted his words. • Soldiers prepared for war• Left in August 1096

THE PURPOSES OF THE FIRST CRUSADE• Somewhat surprising allies to the Byzantines

• 40,000 thousand poured into Constantinople

• Reassured people they were there to capture Byzantine land

THE FIRST CRUSADE (1096-1099)• European crusaders, Venetian adventurers, and Byzantium vs. Seljuk Turks• Franks did most of work• Captured Nicaea in 1097• Captured Antioch in 1098• Seized Jerusalem as well

THE SECOND CRUSADE (1147-1149)

THE PURPOSES OF THE SECOND CRUSADE• Coming in saying they want to reclaim Northernmost kingdom in Holy Land

• Change their minds when they get there

• Damascus

THE SECOND CRUSADE• French and German crusaders and Damascus vs. the Muslim forces of Zangi and his sons

• War fought in Damascus primarily

• European crusaders were stunned by fall of Edessa to Muslims.

• Failed to conquer Edessa

• Turned to Damascus

• Lost to Damascus

• Changes things in the Middle East

THE THIRD CRUSADE (1189-1192)

THE PURPOSES OF THE THIRD CRUSADE• Saladin and his army capture Jerusalem (won versus Latin Kingdoms)

• Pope Gregory VIII declares Holy War to reclaim Jerusalem

• Crusaders come with new great leader…

RICHARD THE LION-HEARTED (1157-1199)• Born to King Henry II

• Lead part of France as young as 11 years old

• Responsible for success in Third Crusade

• Battled Phillip II

• “Dieu et mon droit!”

THE THIRD CRUSDE• Christian crusaders vs. Muslim leader Saladin and his army

• Fought in and around Jerusalem

• At first, lots of success and winning battles

• Very bloody war

• Failed to conquer Jerusalem

• Treaty

THE END OF THE THIRD CRUSADE• Latin Kingdoms small coastal strip

• Christians granted rights to Holy Land

• Capture of Cyprus

WORKS CITED• http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE49• http://ih3.redbubble.net/work.3132320.5.flat,550x550,075,f.the-crusader-series-ii-crusader.jpg• http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/23800/23841/crusaders_23841_lg.gif• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4fagjGpjWXE/Tcv5opMse5I/AAAAAAAAAJI/YKCpt8Gm9hk/s1600/the_first_crusade.gif• http://www.crimsonbamboo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Capture_of_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade.jpg• http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE49• http://

www.bing.com/images/search?q=zangi+crusade&view=detail&id=5FBA479919D27685A6560776D312C1C7C51FE146&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR

• http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE49 • http://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100416025303/assassinscreed/images/6/6a/Battle_of_Arsuf_Third_Crusade.jpg• http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE49• http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/Images/crusadesgustavdore_richard_and_saladin_at_arsuf%20L_tcm4-566286.jpg• http://www.history.com/videos/richard-the-lionheart#richard-the-lionheart?vid=HIS_MRSS_Google• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_uVJvlGa8XcI/S1xVv1K_-cI/AAAAAAAAA3w/aDgm4KiOM-s/s400/

SiegeofAntioch+during+the+First+Crusade.jpg