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Kamran Yousaf

Computer Graphics & Animation

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Kamran Yousaf

Contents

Introduction

Usage, Application & Advantages

Video Display Devices

Output Devices

Input Devices

Soft wares

Graphics in C/C++ (graphics.h)

Attributes

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Contents (contd.)

DMA Text Processing.Interrupts & Services.Pixel (DMA, Interrupt).Put Char.Line, Rectangle, Polygon, Bar.Circle, Ellipse & Arc.FillingSave Area, Save Screen.

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Contents (contd.)

Transformation, Rotation & Scaling.

Clipping

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History of Computers (Modern)

1980 XT [DOS]1990 XT, AT(286, 386) [Win 3.x,OS2]1995 286, 386SX, 386DX, 486, . 486DX, 486DX2, 486DX4, . Pentium (50~166 MHz) . Pentium (166~200 MMX)

Windows 95, OS2, WARPToday Pentium I, II, III, IV, Cyrix . Windows 9x, WinNT x Win XP

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Uses of CGAComputer Aided Design ( CAD )

ArchitectureAnimationVirtual Reality

Presentation GraphicsReportsSlidesTransparencies

Computer ArtFine ArtCommercial Art

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Uses of CGA (contd.)

EntertainmentMotion PicturesVideosTV Shows

Education and TrainingStudentsScientists

VisualizationData to visual form

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Uses of CGA (contd.)

Image ProcessingInterpretation

Enhancement

Graphical User InterfaceUser’s View of Computer

WYSIWYG

Pointing Device

Touch Sensitive

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Video Display Devices

Cathode Ray Tube

Electrons from Gun focused by coils to screen coated by PhosphorLuminance

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Video Display Devices

Raster Scan TechniqueLine by lineTelevision TechnologyFrame buffer or refresh buffer

Double buffering

Depth depends on color storing method32 bit, 24bit, 16 bit, 8bit and 1 bitBitmap / Pixmap

Refresh rate 60~80 Frames / Second or HzHorizontal Retrace / Vertical RetraceFlickering

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Video Display Devices

InterlacingEnhanced Raster Scan System

Horizontal Retrace at end

Horizontal Retrace at start

of alternate lines

Vertical Retrace twice in a frame

No Flickering

Better Speed

Better View

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Video Display Devices

Random Scan TechniqueObject by Object

Refresh display fileDisplay list

Display program

Refresh buffer

Non Realistic

Smooth lines

Constant Curves

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Video Display Devices

Color MonitorsDifferent color emitting Phosphors

Use of same CRT

Mixing of Phosphors

Beam Penetration

Shadow Masking

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Video Display Devices

Beam PenetrationRandom Scan MethodTwo Layers

RedGreen

Depth decides the colorTwo Secondary colors

Orange / Yellow

Bad Quality / Four available colorsSpeed Slow RedSpeed Fast Green