by: group 18 candle soot as a template for a transparent robust superamphiphobic coating
TRANSCRIPT
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BY: G R O U P 1 8
CANDLE SOOT AS A TEMPLATE FOR A TRANSPARENT ROBUST
SUPERAMPHIPHOBIC COATING
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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
• Scientist have created a superamphiphobic coating using candle soot and a silica layer• This gives the surface both hydrophobic and oleophobic
properties• Thermal stability: coating was able to maintain properties
until 400°C• Abrasion stability: coating maintained properties until
layer was less than 2μm thick
www.huntsman.com
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INTRODUCTION
• Superamphiphobic- meaning a surface is both superhydrophobic and superoleophobic• Hydrophobic- material is resistant to water• Oleophobic- material is resistant to oil
• Example of a superamphiphobic coating:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPM8OR6W6WE
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INTRODUCTION
• In industry, it is desirable to have hydrophobic/oleophobic surfaces. Because liquid has a low affinity for the surface, the liquid beads up, taking dirt and other particles with it.• This makes the material self-cleaning
http://www.nanovere.com/nanotechnology.html
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INTRODUCTION
Examples of Hydrophobic materials
• Polyethylene• Polypropylene• Nylon 10,10
Examples of Oleophobic materials
• Low surface energy materials
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BASIC PRINCIPLES
• When a liquid meets a surface, it meets at an angle where the liquid/vapor interface meets the solid• This is called the contact
angle• Hydrophilic surfaces
cause the water droplet to spread out, resulting in a smaller contact angle (0-90°)
• Hydrophobic surfaces have contact angles >90° Makin' contact. (2011, 03 04). Retrieved from
http://materialsgirlny.tumblr.com/post/3638362998/makin-contact
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www.ramehart.com
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BASIC PRINCIPLES
• Roll-off angle: angle of a surface where a drop of liquid will start to move• Point where the force of
gravity overcomes the force of surface tension
Bharat Bhushan, Yong Chae Jung, Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction, Progress in Materials Science, Volume 56, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 1-108, ISSN 0079-6425, 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2010.04.003. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079642510000289)
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WORK PERFORMED
• Glass slide was held above a Paraffin candle and coated in its soot• Coating causes material to be superhydrophobic• However, the soot structure is fragile
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WORK PERFORMED
• Soot was coated with a layer of silica• Using chemical vapor deposition of tetraethoxysilane and
catalized by ammonia• This process makes the coating stronger
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WORK PERFORMED
• The coated glass was then calcinated at 600˚C to make it transparent
• Coated with semi-fluorinated silane by CVD
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WORK PERFORMED
• Results show high contact angle with both water and organic liquids relative to the original surface
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WORK PERFORMED
• The coating began to break down:• Thermal stability test- • Fluorosilane began to break down at 400˚C- meaning coating
lost its oleophobic properities• Silica network broke down at 1000˚C
• Abrasion stability test-• Sand formed cavities in the coating, however, it maintained
its superamphiphobic properties until the coating was less than 2µm thick
Schematic of sand abrasion test
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CONCLUSION
• This superamphiphobic coating is simple to make and effective against water, oil, and other hexanes• It is self cleaning because dirt and other solid particulate
roll off with the liquid• It maintains its properties until 400°C• It is transparent- opening up a wide range of applications
Jiang, W., Hu, H., & Zhang , Y. (2013). Publications. Retrieved from http://www.chem.queensu.ca/people/faculty/Liu/publications.html
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ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK
• Possible improvements:• The explanation of soot as the reason for the coating’s
superamphiphobic properties is never thoroughly explained • The experiment lacks control over other possible
influencing variables• The paper never explicitly explains what gives a
material oleophobic properties
www.aculon.com
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ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK
• Analysis• The paper presents a practical approach to making a
superamphiphobic coating• From their test, the coating has a large number of useful
applications ranging from goggles to large scale chemical production
• Further research is required before the small scale process can be converted to a large scale commercialized product• The small scale lab set up isn’t necessarily practical on an
industrial scale• Cost analysis would be necessary to ensure profitability
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• Methods of cost efficient mass production• As we know, in industry, one of the most important
considerations is cost.
• If a company does not have a method to mass produce material at a low cost then they will not make a profit.
• Research in this area would include searching for commercially available materials that also have the correct characteristics to create superamphiphobic properties
FURTHER RESEARCH
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• How to make Fluorosilane remain stabile at higher temps• As we have shown in our Work Performed,
Fluorosilane began to break down at 400˚C- meaning coating lost its superamphibhobic properties
• For our superamphiphobic material to more use,we need to increase to temperature range in which Fluorosilane remains stable.
• Many reactions take place at temperatures higher than 400˚C. For these reactions, it is desirable for an superamphiphobic material to remain intact as a coating and not break down and become a possible impurity.
FURTHER RESEARCH
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10328917.html
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• Sand Abrasion • The Sand Abrasion Test showed that the superamphiphobic
material is inevitably susceptible to wearing away.
• Research should be performed to find ways to make superamphiphobic materials more resistant to wearing.
• This is important because a more robust material leads to a longer lasting coating.
FURTHER RESEARCH
http://www.trl.com/services/materialstesting/abrasion.html
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FURTHER RESEARCH
• Roll off angle • There has been a lot of confirmed research in the area of Contact
angle.
• But, little to no information is given on Roll off Angle.
• Research in this area would consist of experimentally finding correlations between Roll off Angle and specific qualities of materials.
• End goal of statistical model for roll off angle.
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REFERENCES
• Contact angle. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://membranes.edu.au/wiki/index.php/Contact_Angle
• Deng, X., Mammen, L., Butt, H. & Vollmer, D. (2011, 12 01). Candle soot as a template for a transparent robust superamphiphobic coating. Science, 335, 6064. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6064/67.abstract?sid=b8cea070-e429-4c98-897c-8c6b8adb8dc3
• Diversified Enterprises. (2009). Critical surface tension and contact angle with water for various polymers. Retrieved from http://www.accudynetest.com/polytable_03.html?
• All uncited figures are taken from cited paper