“By explicitly laying the ground rules for debate and creating a psychologically

safe place, [culturally relevant] teaching allows students to express themselves in a variety of forms (for example, in their conversation, in their writing, in their

art).Gloria Ladson-Billings, The Dream-Keepers,

p. 102

Outcome 2: Language and Literacy

Vocabulary and Literacy Across the Curriculum

Embedding vocabulary words, (including prefixes, roots, and suffixes) into virtually every lesson

Using vocabulary words in context

Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA)

Content and non-content vocabulary

Guided reading (current issues – science and non-science)

Non-content vocabulary quizzes (99 SAT words)

Social v. Academic Language

From Learning and Not Learning English (p. 103)• “In spite of Elisa’s

struggle in the math class, the experience was very important in developing her reading and writing abilities in English. More importantly, perhaps, it allowed her to interact with English-speaking peers for the first time.